scholarly journals The Wageningen Lowland Runoff Simulator (WALRUS): application to the Hupsel Brook catchment and Cabauw polder

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2091-2148 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Brauer ◽  
P. J. J. F. Torfs ◽  
A. J. Teuling ◽  
R. Uijlenhoet
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Wetness Index ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
One Year ◽  
Runoff Model

Abstract. The Wageningen Lowland Runoff Simulator (WALRUS) is a new parametric (conceptual) rainfall-runoff model which accounts explicitly for processes that are important in lowland areas, such as groundwater-unsaturated zone coupling, wetness-dependent flowroutes, groundwater–surface water feedbacks, and seepage and surface water supply (see companion paper by Brauer et al., 2014). Lowland catchments can be divided into slightly sloping, freely draining catchments and flat polders with controlled water levels. Here, we apply WALRUS to two contrasting Dutch catchments: the Hupsel Brook catchment and Cabauw polder. In both catchments, WALRUS performs well: Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies obtained after calibration on one year of discharge observations are 0.87 for the Hupsel Brook catchment and 0.83 for the Cabauw polder, with values of 0.74 and 0.76 for validation. The model also performs well during floods and droughts and can forecast the effect of control operations. Through the dynamic division between quick and slow flowroutes controlled by a wetness index, temporal and spatial variability in groundwater depths can be accounted for, which results in adequate simulation of discharge peaks as well as low flows. The performance of WALRUS is most sensitive to the parameter controlling the wetness index and the groundwater reservoir constant, and to a lesser extent to the quickflow reservoir constant. The effects of these three parameters can be identified in the discharge time series, which indicates that the model is not overparameterised (parsimonious). Forcing uncertainty was found to have a larger effect on modelled discharge than parameter uncertainty and uncertainty in initial conditions.

scholarly journals The Wageningen Lowland Runoff Simulator (WALRUS): application to the Hupsel Brook catchment and the Cabauw polder

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 4007-4028 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Brauer ◽  
P. J. J. F. Torfs ◽  
A. J. Teuling ◽  
R. Uijlenhoet
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Wetness Index ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model ◽  
Surface Water Supply

Abstract. The Wageningen Lowland Runoff Simulator (WALRUS) is a new parametric (conceptual) rainfall–runoff model which accounts explicitly for processes that are important in lowland areas, such as groundwater-unsaturated zone coupling, wetness-dependent flowroutes, groundwater–surface water feedbacks, and seepage and surface water supply (see companion paper by Brauer et al., 2014). Lowland catchments can be divided into slightly sloping, freely draining catchments and flat polders with controlled water levels. Here, we apply WALRUS to two contrasting Dutch catchments: the Hupsel Brook catchment and the Cabauw polder. In both catchments, WALRUS performs well: Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies obtained after calibration on 1 year of discharge observations are 0.87 for the Hupsel Brook catchment and 0.83 for the Cabauw polder, with values of 0.74 and 0.76 for validation. The model also performs well during floods and droughts and can forecast the effect of control operations. Through the dynamic division between quick and slow flowroutes controlled by a wetness index, temporal and spatial variability in groundwater depths can be accounted for, which results in adequate simulation of discharge peaks as well as low flows. The performance of WALRUS is most sensitive to the parameter controlling the wetness index and the groundwater reservoir constant, and to a lesser extent to the quickflow reservoir constant. The effects of these three parameters can be identified in the discharge time series, which indicates that the model is not overparameterised (parsimonious). Forcing uncertainty was found to have a larger effect on modelled discharge than parameter uncertainty and uncertainty in initial conditions.

Perhitungan ketersediaan air permukaan di Indonesia berdasarkan data satelit

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika Radhika ◽  
Rendy Firmansyah ◽  
Waluyo Hatmoko
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Satellite Technology ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Runoff Model

Information on water availability is vital in water resources management. Unfortunately, information on the condition of hydrological data, either river flow data, or rainfall data is very limited temporally and spatially. With the availability of satellite technology, rainfall in the tropics can be monitored and recorded for further analysis. This paper discusses the calculation of surface water availability based on rainfall data from TRMM satellite, and then Wflow, a distributed rainfall-runoff model generates monthly time runoff data from 2003 to 2015 for all river basin areas in Indonesia. It is concluded that the average surface water availability in Indonesia is 88.3 thousand m3/s or equivalent to 2.78 trillion m3/ year. This figure is lower than the study of Water Resources Research Center 2010 based on discharge at the post estimated water that produces 3.9 trillion m3/year, but very close to the study of Aquastat FAO of 2.79 trillion m3 / year. The main benefit of this satellite-based calculation is that at any location in Indonesia, potential surface water can be obtained by multiplying the area of the catchment and the runoff height.

scholarly journals The Wageningen Lowland Runoff Simulator (WALRUS): a lumped rainfall–runoff model for catchments with shallow groundwater

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1357-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Brauer ◽  
A. J. Teuling ◽  
P. J. J. F. Torfs ◽  
R. Uijlenhoet
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Model Code ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model

Abstract. We present the Wageningen Lowland Runoff Simulator (WALRUS), a novel rainfall–runoff model to fill the gap between complex, spatially distributed models which are often used in lowland catchments and simple, parametric (conceptual) models which have mostly been developed for mountainous catchments. WALRUS explicitly accounts for processes that are important in lowland areas, notably (1) groundwater-unsaturated zone coupling, (2) wetness-dependent flow routes, (3) groundwater-surface water feedbacks and (4) seepage and surface water supply. WALRUS consists of a coupled groundwater-vadose zone reservoir, a quickflow reservoir and a surface water reservoir. WALRUS is suitable for operational use because it is computationally efficient and numerically stable (achieved with a flexible time step approach). In the open source model code default relations have been implemented, leaving only four parameters which require calibration. For research purposes, these defaults can easily be changed. Numerical experiments show that the implemented feedbacks have the desired effect on the system variables.

scholarly journals Considering rating curve uncertainty in water level predictions

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4415-4427 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Sikorska ◽  
A. Scheidegger ◽  
K. Banasik ◽  
J. Rieckermann
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Bayesian Framework ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Rating Curve ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Runoff Model

Abstract. Streamflow cannot be measured directly and is typically derived with a rating curve model. Unfortunately, this causes uncertainties in the streamflow data and also influences the calibration of rainfall-runoff models if they are conditioned on such data. However, it is currently unknown to what extent these uncertainties propagate to rainfall-runoff predictions. This study therefore presents a quantitative approach to rigorously consider the impact of the rating curve on the prediction uncertainty of water levels. The uncertainty analysis is performed within a formal Bayesian framework and the contributions of rating curve versus rainfall-runoff model parameters to the total predictive uncertainty are addressed. A major benefit of the approach is its independence from the applied rainfall-runoff model and rating curve. In addition, it only requires already existing hydrometric data. The approach was successfully demonstrated on a small catchment in Poland, where a dedicated monitoring campaign was performed in 2011. The results of our case study indicate that the uncertainty in calibration data derived by the rating curve method may be of the same relevance as rainfall-runoff model parameters themselves. A conceptual limitation of the approach presented is that it is limited to water level predictions. Nevertheless, regarding flood level predictions, the Bayesian framework seems very promising because it (i) enables the modeler to incorporate informal knowledge from easily accessible information and (ii) better assesses the individual error contributions. Especially the latter is important to improve the predictive capability of hydrological models.

scholarly journals Quantifying sensitivity to droughts – an experimental modeling approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1371-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Staudinger ◽  
M. Weiler ◽  
J. Seibert
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Discharge Time ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Runoff Model ◽  
Meteorological Droughts

Abstract. Meteorological droughts like those in summer 2003 or spring 2011 in Europe are expected to become more frequent in the future. Although the spatial extent of these drought events was large, not all regions were affected in the same way. Many catchments reacted strongly to the meteorological droughts showing low levels of streamflow and groundwater, while others hardly reacted. Also, the extent of the hydrological drought for specific catchments was different between these two historical events due to different initial conditions and drought propagation processes. This leads to the important question of how to detect and quantify the sensitivity of a catchment to meteorological droughts. To assess this question we designed hydrological model experiments using a conceptual rainfall-runoff model. Two drought scenarios were constructed by selecting precipitation and temperature observations based on certain criteria: one scenario was a modest but constant progression of drying based on sorting the years of observations according to annual precipitation amounts. The other scenario was a more extreme progression of drying based on selecting months from different years, forming a year with the wettest months through to a year with the driest months. Both scenarios retained the observed intra-annual seasonality for the region. We evaluated the sensitivity of 24 Swiss catchments to these scenarios by analyzing the simulated discharge time series and modeled storage. Mean catchment elevation, slope and area were the main controls on the sensitivity of catchment discharge to precipitation. Generally, catchments at higher elevation and with steeper slopes appeared less sensitive to meteorological droughts than catchments at lower elevations with less steep slopes.

scholarly journals Quantifying sensitivity to droughts – an experimental modeling approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 7659-7688 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Staudinger ◽  
M. Weiler ◽  
J. Seibert
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Discharge Time ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Runoff Model ◽  
Meteorological Droughts

Abstract. Meteorological droughts like those in summer 2003 or spring 2011 in Europe are expected to become more frequent in the future. Although the spatial extent of these drought events was large, not all regions were affected in the same way. Many catchments reacted strongly to the meteorological droughts showing low levels of streamflow and groundwater, while others hardly reacted. The extent of the hydrological drought for specific catchments was also different between these two historical events due to different initial conditions and drought propagation processes. This leads to the important question of how to detect and quantify the sensitivity of a catchment to meteorological droughts. To assess this question we designed hydrological model experiments using a conceptual rainfall–runoff model. Two drought scenarios were constructed by selecting precipitation and temperature observations based on certain criteria: one scenario was a modest but constant progression of drying based on sorting the years of observations according to annual precipitation amounts. The other scenario was a more extreme progression of drying based on selecting months from different years, forming a year with the wettest months through to a year with the driest months. Both scenarios retained the typical intra-annual seasonality for the region. The sensitivity of 24 Swiss catchments to these scenarios was evaluated by analyzing the simulated discharge time series and modeled storages. Mean catchment elevation, slope and size were found to be the main controls on the sensitivity of catchment discharge to precipitation. Generally, catchments at higher elevation and with steeper slopes seemed to be less sensitive to meteorological droughts than catchments at lower elevations with less steep slopes.

scholarly journals Operational Hydrological Modelling of Small Watershed using QPE from Dual-Pol Radar in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Beneti ◽  
Roberto V. Calheiros ◽  
Mino Sorribas ◽  
Leonardo Calvetti ◽  
Camila Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Radar Rainfall ◽  
Flood Alert ◽  
Precipitation Estimation ◽  
Radar Satellite ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model

Among other applications, radar-rainfall (RR) and QPE (Quantitative Precipitation Estimation) based on radar reflectivity, dual polarization variables, and multi-sensor information, provide important information for land surface hydrology, such as flood forecasting. Therefore, we developed a flood alert system using rainfall-runoff model forced with RR and QPE, and tipping-bucket observations to forecast river water levels (using rating-curves). In this study, we used an hourly dataset from an S-Band dual-polarimetric radar with two tropical R(Z) relations based distrometer data, a polarimetric R(Z,ZDR) algorithm from the literature and a multi-sensor approach using radar, satellite and rain gauge. Two hydrological models were used and calibrated using observed discharge time-series. Although our previous studies indicated accurate RR-based simulations, in some cases floods were not detected when using catchment-lumped rainfall derived from multi-sensor QPE. In this study, we advance further in this subject using improved R(Z,ZDR) relations and QPE for the period of 2016-2017 and flood event-based rainfall-runoff calibration. Thus, we focused on the development (and timing) of floods in the Marrecas River can be complex and strongly related to storms spatiotemporal distribution. To explore this aspect, we also perform a first analysis in using RR in rainfall-runoff model with a nested catchment discretization.

scholarly journals Filling the gaps: Calibrating a rainfall-runoff model using satellite-derived surface water extent

2015 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 118-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Revilla-Romero ◽  
Hylke E. Beck ◽  
Peter Burek ◽  
Peter Salamon ◽  
Ad de Roo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model

scholarly journals Adaptive Use of a Conceptual Model for Real Time Flood Forecasting

1997 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Da Ros ◽  
M. Borga
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Adaptive Use ◽  
On Line ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model

This paper investigates the adaptive use of a simple conceptual lumped rainfall-runoff model based on a Probability Distributed Model complemented with a Geomorphological Unit Hydrograph. Three different approaches for updating the model and for its use for real time flood forecasting are compared: the first two are based on a parameter updating approach; in the third procedure the model is cast into a state-space form and an Extended Kalman Filter is applied for the on-line estimation of the state variables. The comparison shows that the procedure based on the filtering techniques provides more reliable results; acceptable results are also obtained by using a parameter updating approach based on the on-line adjustment of the initial conditions.

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