scholarly journals Ethics of Location-Based Data in Crisis Situations

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Alan M. MacEachren
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Response ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Good Science ◽  
Data Share ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Remotely Sensed Imagery ◽  
Do No Harm ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Crisis Situations

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This presentation will provide an overview of a Workshop-based effort on ethics in location-based, organized by the Scientific Responsibility, Human Rights, and Law Program of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). More specifically, the AAAS organized three workshops during 2017 and 2018 directed to exploring the ethical implications of collecting, analysing, and acting upon location-based data in crisis situations &amp;ndash; “Developing Ethical Guidelines and Best Practices for the Use of Volunteered Geographic Information and Remotely Sensed Imagery in Crisis Situations.”. The outcome of those workshops and follow up efforts was a document detailing principles and guidelines with the objective of empowering crisis response actors to use location-based data responsibly and ethically.</p><p> On behalf of all those involved, as a Participant in all three workshops and a AAAS Fellow, I will present an overview of the results of this effort. The presentation will outline the five principles developed and provide examples of their motivation and use:</p><ol><li>Do No Harm: Identify and minimize potential risk, particularly as they may affect the vulnerability of individuals and populations</li><li>Define Your Purpose: Ensure action is mission-driven and goal-oriented</li><li>Do Good Science: Employ scientifically rigorous and responsible methods</li><li>Collaborate and Consult: Engage with local partners</li><li>Give Access to Your Data: Share data openly, when safe and practicable</li></ol><p> The presentation will also reflect on (a) the specific relevance of this effort and its outcome for the international cartographic community and (b) our obligation as academic/professional cartographers to address the dual challenges of leveraging locational data cartographically to support crisis management and humanitarian efforts while also guarding against misuse of the data collected and map generated. I will conclude by reflecting on my experience in working with a diverse, interdisciplinary, international group on this hard problem.</p></p>

Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 649-666
Author(s):  
Andrea Renda
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Ethics Guidelines ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

This chapter assesses Europe’s efforts in developing a full-fledged strategy on the human and ethical implications of artificial intelligence (AI). The strong focus on ethics in the European Union’s AI strategy should be seen in the context of an overall strategy that aims at protecting citizens and civil society from abuses of digital technology but also as part of a competitiveness-oriented strategy aimed at raising the standards for access to Europe’s wealthy Single Market. In this context, one of the most peculiar steps in the European Union’s strategy was the creation of an independent High-Level Expert Group on AI (AI HLEG), accompanied by the launch of an AI Alliance, which quickly attracted several hundred participants. The AI HLEG, a multistakeholder group including fifty-two experts, was tasked with the definition of Ethics Guidelines as well as with the formulation of “Policy and Investment Recommendations.” With the advice of the AI HLEG, the European Commission put forward ethical guidelines for Trustworthy AI—which are now paving the way for a comprehensive, risk-based policy framework.

BSAS Ethical Policy British Society of Animal Science Ethical guidelines for research in animal science

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jarvis ◽  
J.E.L. Day ◽  
B. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Science Research ◽  
British Society ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Ethical Policy ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance

Animal science research is important in relation to our understanding of animals, their function and performance, and their relationships with their social and physical environments. Animal science research covers a wide range of disciplines and so can lead to the use of a variety of experimental techniques on animals for many different purposes. This has the potential to lead to a multitude of diverse ethical issues. Members of the British Society of Animal Science and authors of papers submitted to the Society for publication come from countries around the world and therefore are subject to differences in legislative requirements and recommendations regarding animal experimentation. These legal requirements, along with the ethical implications of the research must be fully considered before any experimental work is undertaken.

Caring for Others: Internet Health Care Support Intervention for Family Caregivers of Persons with Alzheimer's, Stroke, or Parkinson's Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Marziali ◽  
Peter Donahue ◽  
Gillian Crossin
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Participant Response

The purpose of the project was to emulate face-to-face psychosocial support group process in an Internet videoconferencing environment and explore the benefits for 34 family caregivers of persons with neurodegenerative disease. Caregivers were provided with computer equipment and trained to access a password-protected Web site. Using videoconferencing software, each group of 6 members met with a facilitator online weekly for 10 weeks. Each caregiver was interviewed at 6-month follow-up. Participant response data were generated through qualitative analysis of group process and follow-up interviews. The analysis showed that the virtual group process closely paralleled face-to-face group interactions. At follow-up, 90% of the caregivers reported that the online group experience had been “very” or “overall” positive and that the group had helped them cope with the stresses of caregiving. The professional and ethical implications of providing a clinical intervention using the Internet are discussed.

Ethnography, Data Transparency, and the Information Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra K. Murphy ◽  
Colin Jerolmack ◽  
DeAnna Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
Data Transparency

The conventions ethnographers follow to gather, write about, and store their data are increasingly out of sync with contemporary research expectations and social life. Despite technological advancements that allow ethnographers to observe their subjects digitally and record interactions, few follow subjects online and many still reconstruct quotes from memory. Amid calls for data transparency, ethnographers continue to conceal subjects’ identities and keep fieldnotes private. But things are changing. We review debates, dilemmas, and innovations in ethnography that have arisen over the past two decades in response to new technologies and calls for transparency. We focus on emerging conversations around how ethnographers record, collect, anonymize, verify, and share data. Considering the replication crisis in the social sciences, we ask how ethnographers can enable others to reanalyze their findings. We address ethical implications and offer suggestions for how ethnographers can develop standards for transparency that are consistent with their commitment to their subjects and interpretive scholarship. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 47 is July 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Evaluasi Implementasi Kebijakan Sistem Repositori Ilmiah Nasional (Rin)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Vivi Elvina Panjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Data Management System ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Research Data Management ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Technical Guidance

ABSTRACTNumbers of management, storage, and preservation of research data problems had been the rationales why national scientific repository (RIN) system was implemented. To measure its success, the present study evaluated, analyzed problems, and provided recommendations using descriptive exploratory qualitative research methods with interviews as the primary data. In terms of the effectiveness, the results showed that the RIN system objectives provided a nationally integrated interoperability research data management system, ensuring long-term archiving and access had been achieved whereas the awareness of researchers to share data and sustainability plans had not been achieved. Based on its efficiency, PDDI LIPI had pursued many activities and strategies. In accordance with its adequacy, the existence of RIN system was able to answer the existing research data problems while the problem of continuity of input of research data and the sustainability of research had not been achieved. In regard to its equalization, RIN system was intended to all professions that carried out research, in which the socialization activities and technical guidance to researchers in relevant institutions were conducted. In coping with its responsiveness, all target groups still could not experience it because the follow-up activity of the target groups after knowing RIN system was still minimum. Hence, it was advised that the target group from both internal LIPI, external LIPI, and PDDI LIPI acted as the implementors. The present study concluded that the implementation of RIN system had not been optimally implemented and still needed improvements. ABSTRAKPermasalahan pengelolaan, penyimpanan, pelestarian data penelitian mendorong dilakukannya implementasi kebijakan sistem RIN. Untuk mengukur keberhasilannya, penulis mengevaluasi, menganalisis permasalahan dan memberikan rekomendasi dengan menggunakan metode penelitan kualitatif deskriptif melalui data primer yaitu wawancara dan data sekunder. Dari efektivitasnya diperoleh hasil bahwa tujuan sistem RIN menyediakan sistem interoperabilitas pengelolaan data penelitian terintegrasi secara nasional, menjamin pengarsipan dan pengaksesan jangka panjang telah tercapai sedangkan kesadaran peneliti untuk berbagi data dan rencana keberlanjutan belum tercapai. Berdasarkan efisiensinya, PDDI LIPI telah mengupayakan banyak kegiatan dan strategi. Berdasarkan kecukupannya, keberadaan sistem RIN mampu menjawab permasalahan data penelitian yang dihadapi sedangkan permasalahan kontinuitas penginputan data penelitian, keberlanjutan penelitian belum tercapai. Berdasarkan pemerataannya, sistem RIN ditujukan kepada seluruh profesi yang melaksanakan penelitian, bukan sekelompok golongan namun kegiatan sosialisasi dan bimbingan teknis lebih banyak kepada peneliti di instansi yang memiliki badan penelitian pengembangan serta perguruan tinggi. Berdasarkan responsivitasnya, belum dapat dirasakan oleh seluruh target sasaran dikarenakan tindaklanjut dari para target sasaran setelah mengenal sistem RIN masih rendah. Maka perlu rekomendasi kepada target sasaran baik dari internal LIPI, eksternal LIPI maupun PDDI LIPI sebagai implementor. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan sistem RIN belum berjalan dengan optimal dan masih perlu ditingkatkan.

In pursuit of linguistic gold: mothering in a globalised world

English Today ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis Ghim-Lian Chew
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Foreign Country ◽  
Linguistic Capital ◽  
Good Science ◽  
Korean Study ◽  
English Fever ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Wild Goose

ABSTRACTA follow-up of Jin-Kyu Park's contribution in ET97 on ‘English Fever’ in South Korea, by examining one of the consequences in Singapore – the destination for thousands of ‘study mothers’ who migrate from South Korea and China to help their young children acquire ‘linguistic capital’ by learning English.This paper focuses on the existence of around 7000 Chinese (PRC) and 5000 Korean study mothers in 2007 in the Republic of Singapore (Toh, 2008). Known in their respective home countries as ‘wild goose mothers’ (kirogi omma) and ‘study mothers’ (pei du mama), these mothers leave their husbands behind while they accompany their children, some as young as 7 years, to a foreign country in the pursuit of linguistic gold. ‘We have good science and maths at home but we need the English to make it work.’

scholarly journals Analysis of the possibility of employing 3D printing technology in crisis situations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Andrzej Wysoczański ◽  
Zbigniew Kamyk ◽  
Yann Yvinec
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Additive Technologies ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Crisis Situations

Events related to climate change and the increase in the occurrence of natural disasters, as well as the increasing incidence of new diseases, have all caused the prominence of regional security and crisis management around the world to rise. Three-dimensional printing, which has seen noteworthy developed in recent years, both in terms of print parameters, and the magnitude of the production potential, may prove helpful in this matter. Enormous opportunities have arisen which, if properly directed, can save human life and preserve health in crisis situations, when traditional supply chains could be disrupted or even prevented. The use of additive technologies, however, has its limitations and in order to be able to take full advantage of the opportunities they offer, a legitimate functional system should be created and embedded within proper structures to support crisis management. This paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of using 3D printers and the possibility of their implementation as part of the current crisis-response systems. The article proposes a model for incorporating additive technologies into the crisis-management system.

scholarly journals Participatory video making for research and health promotion in remote Australian Aboriginal communities

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Sinclair ◽  
Peter Keelan ◽  
Samuel Stokes ◽  
Annette Stokes ◽  
Christine Jeffries-Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Specific Reference ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Aboriginal Communities ◽  
Participatory Video ◽  
Australian Aboriginal ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Community Acceptance ◽  
Methodological Problems

This paper describes the participatory video (PV) method as a means of engaging children in remote Aboriginal communities as participants in health research. The PV method was piloted in two remote communities in the Goldfields region of Western Australia. There was widespread community acceptance of this approach and preliminary findings are discussed with reference to the key themes of perspectives on health, benefits to participants and benefits to communities. The PV method has a number of strengths, including flexibility to respond to community priorities, a lack of dependence on verbal or written data collection and the capacity to generate immediate benefits for participants. While not without methodological problems, these pilot projects suggest that the PV method is well suited to the remote Aboriginal communities who participated. The ethical implications of the PV method are discussed with specific reference to published ethical guidelines.

scholarly journals Ethical, Legal, and Social Challenges in the Development and Implementation of Disaster Telemedicine

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Christopher Tedeschi
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Regulatory Oversight ◽  
Telemedicine System ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACT In recent years, advances in communications technology and market factors have led to a substantial expansion of telemedicine practice. One potential use of telemedicine is in disaster response, both as a resource for responders as well as a direct link to patients. The advantages of using telehealth to assist in disaster response are accompanied by important questions related to social impact, ethical implications, and regulatory oversight. A narrative review of several of these issues is presented here. The next steps in the development of a robust disaster telemedicine system will include the development of best practices and ethical guidelines agreed upon by all stakeholders, as well as the development of public-private partnerships geared at providing the highest quality disaster telemedicine to the greatest possible number of patients.

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