scholarly journals Kitab-ı Bahriye (Book of Navigation), Commemoration of the Pîrî Reis and Understand His World Map of 1513

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Aytaç Yürükçü
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
New World ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Reference Book ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Valuable Data ◽  
Famous Scientist ◽  
Long Duration

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Many literary or scientific works had reached immortality by either its content or the author. Without a shadow of a doubt, Pîrî Reis' major work, a navigation book titled Kitab-ı Bahriye is one of those works that are passed down from generation to generation, light the way of historical process with the intense knowledge it contains, and guide researches and navigators. In Kitab-ı Bahriye which was written as a guide for navigators, sea towns are plotted in maps, bays are denoted, and information about ports for ships to berth, shoals, castles and habitants of these places are given. Furthermore, this work, as a reference book, has a very important place for geographical discoveries where experiences and fund of scientific knowledge accumulated for ages were verified and transmitted through generations in great detail. Kitab-ı Bahriye and world map of Pîrî Reis dated 1513 is not only a source for discoveries, navigation, cartography and cartography works but also it contains important and valuable data about word history and experiences, myths, values and historical positions of societies in 16th century. So much so that information in the book is ranging from Aegean and Red Sea to China Sea, from Indian Ocean to Japanese Sea.</p><p>In this article, it will be focused on how Pîrî Reis plotted such a precious map in that ages, from which books and works he got inspired while working on it, in which coasts he made observations and how he used these observations on his world map of 1513 and his unique work called Kitab-ı Bahriye. Being able to be studied by researchers after centuries, these two precious works also draw attention to how this kind of documents can be protected carefully for long duration in archives and museums. Lastly, with the examination of maps and drawings that have a past of 506 years, it is aimed at to understand mind world and all works of famous scientist Pîrî Reis who was commemorated by UNESCO in 2013 better and to share his impressions about new world geography in detail with researchers.</p>

From The Matrix to Campanella: cultural hybrids and globalization

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-127
Author(s):  
SERGE GRUZINSKI
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Matrix

Starting from an analysis of the recent film The Matrix, and emphasizing its millenarian and messianic components, the article goes on to consider the importance of millenarian and messianic movements in the Old World (especially Spain and Portugal) and the New world (especially Mexico, Peru and Brazil) in the 16th century, noting Tommaso Campanella's expectation of an imminent world monarchy. The conclusion is that these movements offered a privileged space for different religions to interact and to mix.

scholarly journals Terms of morphemic and word-formation in the East Slavic grammars of the 16th century

2017 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Olga Ariskina
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
Special Area ◽  
Transfer Of Information ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Logical Semantic

The work is devoted to a multidimensional consideration of the terminology of morphology and word-formation in the East Slavic grammars of the 16th century. (The Grammar of 1586, The Grammar "Adelfotis" in 1591, The Grammar of Lavrеntii Zizanii in 1596) The term is a linguistic unit for special purposes, which is the verbalized result of professional thinking, which denotes the concept of a certain scientific theory and serves to coding (concentration, fixation, storage), transmission (transfer of information), communicate, transmutation of knowledge (cognition: comprehension, processing, augmentation) and orientation in a certain special area, therefore an important place in describing the terminology of the past is assigned to the orientational aspect, which allows us to analyze the terms not only from the perspective of origin, word-formation, functioning, but also from the perspective of the explanation of the rationality of the author's nomination and the appropriateness of the perception of it by the addressee. Terminology is explored through the prism of the linguistic persona of grammarians by using the method of logical-semantic analysis. At the stage of generation of the terminology of the doctrine of morphemic and word formation, the large number of calquing terms (almost 50% of the total number) was used. The Russian basis of the calquing was found out, which consists in the existence in the Russian language of the lexical-semantic method of derivation. Also for this stage, the functioning of terms formed by substantivation is characterized. Dynamics of the exponent of terms of morphology and word-formation of the XVI century is due to the variation and synonymy, the dynamics of significatum – the reality (changes in language) and the development of scientific knowledge. In the XVI century the terminological system in the field of word-formation is formed as a system, with enough clearly appeared hypo-hyperonical relations.

Uneasy Litter Mates: Population and Progress

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Possible Worlds ◽  
New World ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Manifest Destiny ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Human Species ◽  
The World ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Southern Iraq

In the fifth century B.C., Herodotus reported that there had been a time when a person could walk across North Africa from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean and be always in the shade of trees. No more: the land was well on the way to becoming the desert we know today. Herodotus generalized: "Man stalks across the landscape, and deserts follow in his footsteps." In the tenth century A.D., a Samanid prince identified four earthly paradises: the regions of Samarkand, southern Persia, southern Iraq, and Damascus. No one who has visited any of these sites now would dream of calling it a paradise. They have been cursed with wars, but warfare is only a secondary cause of their degradation. Throughout history human exploitation of the earth has produced this progression: colonize—destroy—move on. When the Pollyannas write history they focus only on the first of these three actions, the desirable effects of which were most evident during the rapid colonization of the New World. In 1845 a now obscure American journalist coined a deathless phrase when he spoke of "the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence." "Manifest destiny" is one of those catchphrases we love. We would not welcome the words of a journalist who identified colonization as but a prelude to destruction and abandonment. The restless "moving on" of the human species has depended on always having fresh land to move to. Optimists are not easily frightened by the results, of course: as late as 1980 one Pollyanna brightly explained how all turned out for the best in this best of all possible worlds: "Each year deserts the world over engulf an area the size of Massachusetts. A great deal of land lost is agricultural. . . . Fortunately, however, land is always being replaced or coming under cultivation to make up for land lost." An ecologist—ever guided by the question "And then what?"—would insist on a clarification of the above quotation: Does "always" mean "forever"? If so, it implies that there are no limits to earthly space. It is not surprising that ecologists are not the most popular of people in a growth-oriented economy.

Finding Eden

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-70
Author(s):  
Owen Stanwood
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
New World ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Global Travel

The Huguenots’ turn to new worlds came directly out of their colonial program. French Protestants had long experience with global travel and exploration, and once persecution hit some of them naturally believed they could find refuge overseas. This process began even in the 1660s, when authors like Charles de Rochefort and Henri Duquesne promoted the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean, respectively, as promised lands for Huguenots, drawing from utopian ideals. Once the Revocation closed off the French New World, Huguenots gravitated toward the English and Dutch empires, drawn from the 1680s onward by a robust promotional literature lauding societies as diverse as Tobago, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina. By the 1680s increasing numbers of Huguenots were beginning to set out to these new colonies, lured by dreams of Eden but thrown into a world of empires.

The Portuguese and the Indian Ocean : a review

Antiquity ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 22 (85) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Elaine Sanceau
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Century Literature

It was from the Portuguese that Europe first learned something about India. Their 16th century literature abounds in information on the subject. Duarte Barboza, Tomé Pires, Castanheda, João de Barros, Gaspar Correa even, though he says that he will only write about the exploits of his countrymen, have each one given to the world many interesting facts regarding the ethnology, the customs and beliefs, and some account of the history of that baffling sub-continent which Portugal, of European nations, was the first to observe at close quarters.

Spelling Shinzwani

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Joseph Ottenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Literacy Identity

This paper surveys the history of dictionary construction and orthographic choice in the Comoros — a former French colony in the Indian Ocean — with special reference to issues of literacy, identity, and politics. Evidence ranging from 16th century wordlists to contemporary bilingual/bidirectional dictionaries, as well as colonial, missionary, and scholarly approaches to lexicography and orthography in the Comoros, are examined and compared. While Arabic-influenced writing systems have a long history in the Comoros, the experiences of colonialism and independence in the 20th century introduced French- and phonemically-influenced systems. As the Comoros move into the 21st century, linguists and ethnographers are attempting to assist with questions of standardization, literacy, and dictionary construction. The situation remains fluid, with considerations of tradition, modernity, nationalism, and representation to be taken into account. This paper seeks to address the complex interrelationships between orthographic choice and ethnic identity in the Comoros, with special reference to the development of the first bilingual/bidirectional Shinzwani-English dictionary.

From Zanzibar to Zaytun: Iranian Merchants across the Indian Ocean Basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Richard Foltz
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Indian Ocean Trade ◽  
The Indian Ocean

The role of Iranian merchants in the maritime trade of the Indian Ocean basin from antiquity up to the 16th century is often underestimated. From scholarly histories to popular culture the “Muslim sailor” is typically portrayed as being an Arab. In fact, from pre-Islamic times the principal actors in Indian Ocean trade were predominantly Persian, as attested by the archaeological data, local written records, and the names of places and individuals.

A Note on Portuguese Reactions to the Revival of the Red Sea Spice Trade and the Rise of Atjeh, 1540–1600

1969 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Boxer
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Spice Trade ◽  
Straits Of Malacca

No reputable historian nowadays maintains that the Portuguese 16th- century thalassocracy in the Indian Ocean was always and everywhere completely effective. In particular, it is widely accepted that there was a marked if erratic revival in the Red Sea spice-trade shortly after the first Turkish occupation of Aden in 1538, though much work remains to be done on the causes and effects of this development. The Portuguese reactions to the rise of Atjeh have been studied chiefly in connection with the frequent fighting in the Straits of Malacca; and the economic side of the struggle has been less considered. The connection of Atjeh with the revival of the Red Sea spice-trade has been insufficiently stressed; though Mrs. Meilink-Roelofsz and Dr. V. Magalhaes Godinho have some relevant observations on this point in their recent and well documented works (Asian Trade and European Influence in the Indonesian Archipelago, 1500–1630, The Hague, 1962, pp. 142–46; Os Descobrimentos e a Economia Mundial, Vol. II, Lisboa, 1967, pp. 111–171). The purpose of this paper is to amplify the facts and figures which they give there, in the hope that someone with the necessary linguistic qualifications will be incited to make complementary researches in the relevant Indonesian, Arabian, or Turkish sources.

scholarly journals Topique du cannibalisme et ensauvagement de l’Africain dans les discours européens

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 51-76
Author(s):  
Catherine Gallouët
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Travel Narratives ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century

In descriptions of European travel narratives since the 16th century, representations of the African are indistinguishable from those of other "savages" whose newly discovered lives both fascinate and repel. In the 18th century, even as allusions to New World cannibalism tended to dissipate, and the image of the "good savage" developed, the cannibalistic discourse on Africa continued to expand. This work proposes to observe how it emerges and spreads in European texts. In other words, the formation of this discourse on the other will be questionned in order to perhaps understand how it became fixated on the African: imaginary discourse, no doubt, but whose contagion still contaminates today’s perception of Blackness as otherness, and informs the persistent discourse of his perceived wildness.

scholarly journals Pekojan: Image of an Arab Kampong during XVIII to XIX Centuries Batavia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Johan Wahyudi ◽  
Dien Madjid
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Arab Culture ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Arab Immigrants ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Indian Ocean

This study discusses the social dynamics of a kampong in Batavia during XVIII to XIX centuries. Pekojan has already emerged as the center of commerce for Arabs and Muslim Indians community since the 16th century. By the eighteenth century, many Arab immigrants from Hadramawt (Southern Yemen) settled here. Its initial landscape can be traced by the theory of the coming of Islam in the Archipelago. One of the theories says that it was driven by international trade by the Arabs, which also carried Islam along with them. The Hadramis went through the naval journey passing the Indian Ocean to the Malaka Strait. They stopped over in Singapore then went on to Batavia, especially Pekojan. This study found Pekojan became a place where Arab culture and ideas were constructed yet negotiated within a local context. There prominent ulamas, merchants, writers, educators, the initiators of independence, the benefactors, and artists socialized under close racial surveillance of the Dutch East Indies government. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document