SPATIO-TEMPORAL STUDY OF THE DETERMINANTS OF RESIDENTIAL SATISFACTION IN NEW YORK CITY DURING COVID-19 USING CROWDSOURCED DATA

Abstract. Residential satisfaction, an indicator of the quality of life, can be conceptualized with the objective and subjective evaluation of the physical and ecological characteristics of dwellings and neighbourhoods. The majority of the New Yorkers remained indoors during the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing the importance of the residential environment and satisfaction like never before. Noise and safety are two major determinants of residential satisfaction that changed much during the pandemic lockdown. We used citizen-generated non-emergency (NYC311) and emergency (NYPD911) complaint data to investigate the spatial and temporal change dynamics of complaints related to noise and safety. In the noise domain, we focused on NYC311 complaints associated with the noise from neighbours, streets, and illegal fireworks. In the safety domain, we examined the change of both physical and economic safety. For physical safety, we used the NYPD 911 data related to burglary and vehicle larceny, where for economic safety, we used NYC311 complaints correspond to price gouging. We spatially aggregated the complaints at the census tract level (total = 2123) and performed Welsch’s t-test to identify the change dynamics of the satisfaction during the pandemic for different socioeconomic factors. We found the overall residential satisfaction decreased during the pandemic with extreme noise exposure and inadequate safety. The study also found the economic and racial disparity in residential satisfaction during the pandemic, as with statistical significance, the complaints regarding noise, physical and financial safety generated from the Black, Latinx, and impoverished communities were significantly higher than White, Asian and affluent communities.

Download Full-text

Study of the infl uence of information and communication tools on the psychophysiological state of schoolchildren on the basis of subjective evaluation

Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Inspector) ◽

10.33920/med-08-2007-06 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 47-55

Author(s):

Aleksandra Rakhmanova ◽

Georgiy Loginov ◽

Vladimir Dolich ◽

Nataliya Komleva ◽

Galina Rakhmanova

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Emotional State ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Subjective Evaluation ◽

Educational Process ◽

The Body ◽

Leningrad Region ◽

Communication Tools ◽

Information And Communication ◽

The Relationship

The relevance of the article is determined by the existence of contradictions between the need to introduce innovative technologies into the educational process at school, as an integral attribute of modern education, and the negative influence of factors on the physical and psycho-emotional state of health of students related to the use of information and communication tools (computers, phones, headphones). The goal of the study was to assess the relationship between the timing of the use of information and communication tools and the frequency of functional and psycho-emotional complaints in groups of middle and high school schoolchildren. 400 schoolchildren of the Saratov Region, the Moscow Region, Leningrad Region and the Republic of Dagestan were surveyed, who made up two groups of research: middle-school schoolchildren (grades 5–6) and high-school schoolchildren (grades 10–11 The survey was carried out by means of the standardized formalized cards which included the questions considering usage time of computers and mobile phones, complaints to a headache, hands pain, other pain and/or feeling of discomfort from visual organ and the organs of hearing, as well as a psycho-emotional state. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the STATISTICA application software program by StatSoft Inc (USA). To compare the frequencies of a binary feature, a fourfold table of absolute frequencies was constructed and the level of statistical significance for the exact Fisher’s two-tailed test criterion was determined. The study was conducted according to the requirements of bioethics, after signing informed consent statement by teenagers and their parents. The study examined the relationship between the timing of the use of information and communication tools and the frequency of complaints in groups of schoolchildren. The results of the study should be taken into account when developing and implementing preventive measures to prevent negative effects of computers and mobile devices on the body of students.

Download Full-text

Short-Time Recurrences of Plasmodium vivax Malaria as a Public Health Proxy for Chloroquine-Resistance Surveillance: A Spatio-Temporal Study in the Brazilian Amazon

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5061

Author(s):

Antonio A. S. Balieiro ◽

Andre M. Siqueira ◽

Gisely C. Melo ◽

Wuelton M. Monteiro ◽

Vanderson S. Sampaio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Vivax ◽

Multilevel Models ◽

Malaria Incidence ◽

Chloroquine Resistance ◽

Spatial Clusters ◽

Temporal Study ◽

Plasmodium Vivax Malaria ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Spatially Varying ◽

Short Time

In Brazil, malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax presents control challenges due to several reasons, among them the increasing possibility of failure of P. vivax treatment due to chloroquine-resistance (CQR). Despite limited reports of CQR, more extensive studies on the actual magnitude of resistance are still needed. Short-time recurrences of malaria cases were analyzed in different transmission scenarios over three years (2005, 2010, and 2015), selected according to malaria incidence. Multilevel models (binomial) were used to evaluate association of short-time recurrences with variables such as age. The zero-inflated Poisson scan model (scanZIP) was used to detect spatial clusters of recurrences up to 28 days. Recurrences compose less than 5% of overall infection, being more frequent in the age group under four years. Recurrences slightly increased incidence. No fixed clusters were detected throughout the period, although there are clustering sites, spatially varying over the years. This is the most extensive analysis of short-time recurrences worldwide which addresses the occurrence of P. vivax CQR. As an important step forward in malaria elimination, policymakers should focus their efforts on young children, with an eventual shift in the first line of malaria treatment to P. vivax.

Download Full-text

Real-time spatio-temporal event detection on geotagged social media

Journal Of Big Data ◽

10.1186/s40537-021-00482-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yasmeen George ◽

Shanika Karunasekera ◽

Aaron Harwood ◽

Kwan Hui Lim

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Social Media ◽

Event Detection ◽

Detection System ◽

Time And Space ◽

Social Media Data ◽

Event Time ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Geographical Space ◽

Media Data

AbstractA key challenge in mining social media data streams is to identify events which are actively discussed by a group of people in a specific local or global area. Such events are useful for early warning for accident, protest, election or breaking news. However, neither the list of events nor the resolution of both event time and space is fixed or known beforehand. In this work, we propose an online spatio-temporal event detection system using social media that is able to detect events at different time and space resolutions. First, to address the challenge related to the unknown spatial resolution of events, a quad-tree method is exploited in order to split the geographical space into multiscale regions based on the density of social media data. Then, a statistical unsupervised approach is performed that involves Poisson distribution and a smoothing method for highlighting regions with unexpected density of social posts. Further, event duration is precisely estimated by merging events happening in the same region at consecutive time intervals. A post processing stage is introduced to filter out events that are spam, fake or wrong. Finally, we incorporate simple semantics by using social media entities to assess the integrity, and accuracy of detected events. The proposed method is evaluated using different social media datasets: Twitter and Flickr for different cities: Melbourne, London, Paris and New York. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we compare our results with two baseline algorithms based on fixed split of geographical space and clustering method. For performance evaluation, we manually compute recall and precision. We also propose a new quality measure named strength index, which automatically measures how accurate the reported event is.

Download Full-text

Diagnostic accuracy of enthesis ultrasound in the diagnosis of early spondyloarthritis

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/ard.2010.134965 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 434-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Eugenio de Miguel ◽

Santiago Muñoz-Fernández ◽

Concepción Castillo ◽

Tatiana Cobo-Ibáñez ◽

Emilio Martín-Mola

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Roc Curves ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Diagnostic Classification ◽

Hla B27 ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ultrasound Score

ObjectiveTo determine the sensitivity and specificity of enthesis ultrasound for the diagnostic classification of early spondyloarthritis.MethodsA cross-sectional, blinded and controlled study. Standardised bilateral ultrasound of six entheses (Madrid sonography enthesitis index (MASEI)) was performed. Accepted diagnostic classification criteria were used as the gold standard. Validity was analysed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant.Results113 early spondyloarthritis patients were included (58 women/55 men), 57 non-inflammatory control individuals (29 women/28 men) and 24 inflammatory control individuals (11 women/13 men). The evolution time of spondyloarthritis was 10.9±7.1 months. At least some grade of sacroiliitis on x-ray was present in 59 patients, but only five fulfilled the radiographic sacroiliitis New York criteria. Human leucocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) was positive in 42% of patients. No statistical differences were found for the enthesis score among diagnostic spondyloarthritis subtypes form of presentation (axial, peripheral or mixed) or HLA-B27 positivity. The MASEI score achieved statistical significance for gender. The ultrasound score was 23.36±11.40 (mean±SD) in spondyloarthritis patients and 12.26±6.85 and 16.04±9.94 in the non-inflammatory and inflammatory control groups (p<0.001), respectively. The ROC area under the curve was 0.82, and a cut-off point of ≥20 points achieved a likelihood ratio of 5.30 and a specificity of 89.47%.ConclusionsEntheses are affected early in spondyloarthritis, and the incidence of involvement is higher in men and independent of the spondyloarthritis diagnostic subtype, HLA-B27 status or presentation pattern. The enthesis ultrasound score seems to have diagnostic accuracy and may be useful for improving the diagnostic accuracy of early spondyloarthritis.

Download Full-text

Multi-Head Spatio-Temporal Attention Mechanism for Urban Anomaly Event Prediction

Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies ◽

10.1145/3478099 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Huiqun Huang ◽

Xi Yang ◽

Suining He

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Attention Mechanism ◽

City Management ◽

Temporal Attention ◽

Spatial Correlations ◽

Time Step ◽

Event Prediction ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Prediction Approach

Timely forecasting the urban anomaly events in advance is of great importance to the city management and planning. However, anomaly event prediction is highly challenging due to the sparseness of data, geographic heterogeneity (e.g., complex spatial correlation, skewed spatial distribution of anomaly events and crowd flows), and the dynamic temporal dependencies. In this study, we propose M-STAP, a novel Multi-head Spatio-Temporal Attention Prediction approach to address the problem of multi-region urban anomaly event prediction. Specifically, M-STAP considers the problem from three main aspects: (1) extracting the spatial characteristics of the anomaly events in different regions, and the spatial correlations between anomaly events and crowd flows; (2) modeling the impacts of crowd flow dynamic of the most relevant regions in each time step on the anomaly events; and (3) employing attention mechanism to analyze the varying impacts of the historical anomaly events on the predicted data. We have conducted extensive experimental studies on the crowd flows and anomaly events data of New York City, Melbourne and Chicago. Our proposed model shows higher accuracy (41.91% improvement on average) in predicting multi-region anomaly events compared with the state-of-the-arts.

Download Full-text

The Impact of the New York State Milk Price Gouging Law on the Price Transmission Process and Supermarket Pricing Strategies in the Fluid Whole Milk Market

Agribusiness ◽

10.1002/agr.21304 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 377-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yuliya V. Bolotova ◽

Andrew M. Novakovic

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York State ◽

Price Transmission ◽

Pricing Strategies ◽

York State ◽

Transmission Process ◽

Whole Milk ◽

Price Gouging ◽

Milk Market ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

Spatio-temporal Analysis of Maximum and Minimum Temperature in Bangladesh

Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources ◽

10.3329/jesnr.v7i2.22210 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 73-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MN Uddin ◽

MSA Mondal ◽

NMR Nasher

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Minimum Temperature ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Temperature Data ◽

Spatially Distributed ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Gis Environment ◽

Maximum Temperatures ◽

Kendall Method

The analysis of annual mean maximum and annual mean minimum temperature data are studied in GIS environment, obtained from 34 meteorological stations scattered throughout the Bangladesh from 1948 to 2013. IDW method was used for the spatial distribution of temperature over the study area, using ArcGIS 10.2 software. Possible trends in the spatially distributed temperature data were examined, using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall method with statistical significance, and the magnitudes of available trends were determined using Sens method in ArcMap depiction. The findings of the study show positive trends in annual mean maximum temperatures with 90%, 95%, 99% and 99.9% significance levels.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i2.22210 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(2): 73-77 2014

Download Full-text

Understanding Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Urban Travel Demand Based on the Combination of GWR and GLM

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11195525 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (19) ◽

pp. 5525 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jinjun Tang ◽

Fan Gao ◽

Fang Liu ◽

Wenhui Zhang ◽

Yong Qi

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Travel Demand ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Temporal Characteristic ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Road Density ◽

Transit System ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Urban Travel ◽

Spatio Temporal

Taxis are an important part of the urban public transit system. Understanding the spatio-temporal variations of taxi travel demand is essential for exploring urban mobility and patterns. The purpose of this study is to use the taxi Global Positioning System (GPS) trajectories collected in New York City to investigate the spatio-temporal characteristic of travel demand and the underlying affecting variables. We analyze the spatial distribution of travel demand in different areas by extracting the locations of pick-ups. The geographically weighted regression (GWR) method is used to capture the spatial heterogeneity in travel demand in different zones, and the generalized linear model (GLM) is applied to further identify key factors affecting travel demand. The results suggest that most taxi trips are concentrated in a fraction of the geographical area. Variables including road density, subway accessibility, Uber vehicle, point of interests (POIs), commercial area, taxi-related accident and commuting time have significant effects on travel demand, but the effects vary from positive to negative across the different zones of the city on weekdays and the weekend. The findings will be helpful to analyze the patterns of urban travel demand, improve efficiency of taxi companies and provide valuable strategies for related polices and managements.

Download Full-text