scholarly journals 3D RECORDING AND MODELLING OF MINING HERITAGE: THE MONSERRAT MINE, SIERRA MINERA OF CARTAGENA-LA UNIÓN, SOUTHEAST OF SPAIN

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W3 ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. García-León ◽  
A. García Martín ◽  
M. Torres Picazo ◽  
J. Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Boiler Room ◽  
Scanning Lidar ◽  
A Site ◽  
Mining Heritage

Mining heritage is essential to understand the history, landscape and cultural manifestations linked to mining industry. The Mountain Range of Cartagena-La Unión is one of the most relevant old Mediterranean mining areas, with mining sites that were already exploited before the Carthaginian domination. It was declared a Site of Cultural Interest in 2009. Our aim is to document and to enhance its premises, which are currently in a bad state of preservation and have been plundered. The methodology that we suggest combines various techniques, such as laser scanning, LIDAR and digital photogrammetry, in order to obtain the best results based on the characteristics of the objects to be inventoried. For this study, we have chosen an area in which a digital model has been created by means of terrestrial laser scanning and airborne LIDAR, then we have textured it with the images taken. With this model, it is possible to measure the deterioration and displacement suffered by its elements, in particular, the chimney and the boiler room.

Urban environmental degradation and the standard of living: the case of the Spanish mining industry (1870–1930)

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-421
Author(s):  
ANTONIO ESCUDERO ◽  
MIGUEL Á. PÉREZ DE PERCEVAL ◽  
ANDRÉS SÁNCHEZ-PICÓN
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Mining Areas

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the consequences of urban environmental degradation on the well-being of Spanish miners. It is based on analyses of differences in mortality and height. The first part of the paper examines new hypotheses regarding the urban penalty. We take into consideration existing works in economic theory that address market failures when analysing the higher urban death rate. We explain the reduction in height using the model recently created by Floud, Fogel, Harris and Hong for British cities. The second part of the paper presents information demonstrating that the urban areas in the two largest mining areas in Spain (Bilbao and the Cartagena-La Unión mountain range) experienced a higher death rate relative to rural areas as a consequence of market failures derived from what we term an ‘anarchic urbanisation’.

scholarly journals Detection of Landscape patterns in airborne LIDAR data in the Nature Reserve of Castelporziano (Rome)

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Recanatesi ◽  
M. Tolli ◽  
M.N. Ripa ◽  
R. Pelorosso ◽  
F. Gobattoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Airborne Laser ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Scanning Lidar ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data

During the last decades the protection of nature has become a very important aspect due to the anthropogenic interference and structural alteration of the environment, especially in the peri-urban areas. Therefore, for a sustainable forest planning it is fundamental to get information about the actual state and the variation in landscape patterns concerning the forest layers. To this aim, an airborne laser scanning (LIDAR), a type of sensor which explicitly measures canopy height, was used to detect landscape patterns of broadleaf oak forest and for detecting the monumental trees in a peri-urban Natural Reserve: the Presidential Estate of Castelporziano (Rome).

scholarly journals AN OVERALL VIEW ON GEMSTONE MINING IN GILGIT-BALTISTAN. PROBLEMS AND MITIGATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Muhammad Alam ◽  
S. Ali ◽  
G. Khan ◽  
M. Alam ◽  
Y. Bano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mining Industry ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Mining Equipment ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Mining Methods ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan

Gilgit-Baltistan has tremendous amount of gemstone wealth and thousands of miners are busy to explore this wealth, but due to unscientific and crude mining methods this mineral wealth goes into waste in many ways, like fractures, damages and total destructions of gemstone due to ill blasting methods and lack of proper training. Gemstone mining is done in all districts of Gilgit-Baltistan. According to a careful survey in July 2007, 32 types of Gemstones (Precious and Semiprecious) are found in GB, out of total production of gemstones produced in Pakistan 95% come from GB. According to this survey there are more than 2000 mines which produce different variety of gemstones and numbers of miners involved in this mining industry directly or indirectly are more than 25000.  Due to these crude and unscientific mining methods, improper camps without hygienic facilities, lack of proper mining equipment, lack of basic health facilities and safety tools and lack of mining equipment repairing facilities at mining sites, number of problems are arising. These problems include damage to the fauna and flora in mining areas, damage to the eco system due to blasting and flow of people; mountains are becoming vulnerable due to improper mines development, glaciers melting due to use of thermal generators, spreading of human filth and waste like plastic and at last polluting of the water. This research is based on the mitigation of all these problems to some extent. The damage to the fauna and flora may be reduced by controlling spreading of human filth and waste, controlled blasting may be done by using modern blasting techniques, proper mines of international standard may be developed by in forcing the mining rules, use of thermal generators may be prohibited by developing small hydro projects at sites and at last pollution of water may be controlled by training people to adopt the cleanliness drives time to time and equipment repairing facilities at sites as well.   

scholarly journals Remediation of Legacy Arsenic Mining Areas in Yunnan Province, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian H. von Lindern ◽  
David Hanrahan ◽  
Margrit von Braun
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Local Water ◽  
A Site ◽  
Environmental Protection Bureau

Background. Three villages in Yunnan Province were identified to have abandoned arsenic mines severely contaminating the local water supplies. Other villages in the Province had similar problems causing the Yunnan Environmental Protection Bureau (YEPB) to seek assistance in developing a remedial strategy. Objectives. Identify the immediate hazards, develop practical remedial approaches, with focus on human health impacts associated with contaminated drinking water. Develop a blueprint for dealing with other isolated mine pollution problems in the mountains of Yunnan. Materials & Methods. A technical team from Blacksmith Institute, TerraGraphics Environmental Engineering and Yunnan Environmental Protection Bureau (YEPB) visited the sites and conducted environmental sampling. TerraGraphics prepared a technical review of each site, a discussion of human health risks and objectives for remedial actions, using United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidance for waste site evaluations. From the recommended interventions for each site, YEPB selected a site for construction remediation. Results. Samples of wastes, soils and water indicated high metals contamination at all three sites. The closed arsenic refinery in Wenshan County was selected for a demonstration cleanup project. Subsequent analyses showed significant improvements in metals levels and achievement of remedial objectives. The site is recognized as a model for other mining sites in Yunnan. Conclusions. The success of the demonstration project was recognized and has provided direction and momentum for a wider effort by the Province to address mining pollution and water contamination challenges. It demonstrates the success of using known techniques for environmental remediation in the US, with local partners in China responding to their communities' health and environmental problems.

Urban energetics applications and Geomatic technologies in a Smart City perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bitelli ◽  
P. Conte ◽  
T. Csoknyai ◽  
E. Mandanici
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
City Management ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Research Areas

The management of an urban context in a Smart City perspective requires the development of innovative projects, with new applications in multidisciplinary research areas. They can be related to many aspects of city life and urban management: fuel consumption monitoring, energy efficiency issues, environment, social organization, traffic, urban transformations, etc. Geomatics, the modern discipline of gathering, storing, processing, and delivering digital spatially referenced information, can play a fundamental role in many of these areas, providing new efficient and productive methods for a precise mapping of different phenomena by traditional cartographic representation or by new methods of data visualization and manipulation (e.g. three-dimensional modelling, data fusion, etc.). The technologies involved are based on airborne or satellite remote sensing (in visible, near infrared, thermal bands), laser scanning, digital photogrammetry, satellite positioning and, first of all, appropriate sensor integration (online or offline). The aim of this work is to present and analyse some new opportunities offered by Geomatics technologies for a Smart City management, with a specific interest towards the energy sector related to buildings. Reducing consumption and CO2 emissions is a primary objective to be pursued for a sustainable development and, in this direction, an accurate knowledge of energy consumptions and waste for heating of single houses, blocks or districts is needed. A synoptic information regarding a city or a portion of a city can be acquired through sensors on board of airplanes or satellite platforms, operating in the thermal band. A problem to be investigated at the scale A problem to be investigated at the scale of the whole urban context is the Urban Heat Island (UHI), a phenomenon known and studied in the last decades. UHI is related not only to sensible heat released by anthropic activities, but also to land use variations and evapotranspiration reduction. The availability of thermal satellite sensors is fundamental to carry out multi-temporal studies in order to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of the UHI for a city. Working with a greater detail, districts or single buildings can be analysed by specifically designed airborne surveys. The activity has been recently carried out in the EnergyCity project, developed in the framework of the Central Europe programme established by UE. As demonstrated by the project, such data can be successfully integrated in a GIS storing all relevant data about buildings and energy supply, in order to create a powerful geospatial database for a Decision Support System assisting to reduce energy losses and CO2 emissions. Today, aerial thermal mapping could be furthermore integrated by terrestrial 3D surveys realized with Mobile Mapping Systems through multisensor platforms comprising thermal camera/s, laser scanning, GPS, inertial systems, etc. In this way the product can be a true 3D thermal model with good geometric properties, enlarging the possibilities in respect to conventional qualitative 2D images with simple colour palettes. Finally, some applications in the energy sector could benefit from the availability of a true 3D City Model, where the buildings are carefully described through three-dimensional elements. The processing of airborne LiDAR datasets for automated and semi-automated extraction of 3D buildings can provide such new generation of 3D city models.

Evaluation of the expediency of using thermal i magery data for decryption exogenous processes and vegetation

2018 ◽  
Vol 933 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
V.S. Tikunov ◽  
I.A. Rylskiy ◽  
S.B. Lukatzkiy
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Thermal Imagery ◽  
Scanning Lidar ◽  
Field Works ◽  
Object Features

Innovative methods of aerial surveys changed approaches to information provision of projecting dramatically in last years. Nowadays there are several methods pretending to be the most efficient for collecting geospatial data intended for projecting – airborne laser scanning (LIDAR) data, RGB aerial imagery (forming 3D pointclouds) and orthoimages. Thermal imagery is one of the additional methods that can be used for projecting. LIDAR data is precise, it allows us to measure relief even under the vegetation, or to collect laser re-flections from wires, metal constructions and poles. Precision and completeness of the DEM, produced from LIDAR data, allows to define relief microforms. Airborne imagery (visual spectrum) is very widespread and can be easily depicted. Thermal images are more strange and less widespread, they use different way of image forming, and spectral features of ob-jects can vary in specific ways. Either way, the additional spectral band can be useful for achieving additional spatial data and different object features, it can minimize field works. Here different aspects of thermal imagery are described in comparison with RGB (visual) images, LIDAR data and GIS layers. The attempt to estimate the feasibility of thermal imag-es for new data extraction is made.

scholarly journals Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Vegetation Analyses with a Special Focus on Savannas

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Tasiyiwa Priscilla Muumbe ◽  
Jussi Baade ◽  
Jenia Singh ◽  
Christiane Schmullius ◽  
Christian Thau
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Parameter Extraction ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Vegetation Parameter

Savannas are heterogeneous ecosystems, composed of varied spatial combinations and proportions of woody and herbaceous vegetation. Most field-based inventory and remote sensing methods fail to account for the lower stratum vegetation (i.e., shrubs and grasses), and are thus underrepresenting the carbon storage potential of savanna ecosystems. For detailed analyses at the local scale, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) has proven to be a promising remote sensing technology over the past decade. Accordingly, several review articles already exist on the use of TLS for characterizing 3D vegetation structure. However, a gap exists on the spatial concentrations of TLS studies according to biome for accurate vegetation structure estimation. A comprehensive review was conducted through a meta-analysis of 113 relevant research articles using 18 attributes. The review covered a range of aspects, including the global distribution of TLS studies, parameters retrieved from TLS point clouds and retrieval methods. The review also examined the relationship between the TLS retrieval method and the overall accuracy in parameter extraction. To date, TLS has mainly been used to characterize vegetation in temperate, boreal/taiga and tropical forests, with only little emphasis on savannas. TLS studies in the savanna focused on the extraction of very few vegetation parameters (e.g., DBH and height) and did not consider the shrub contribution to the overall Above Ground Biomass (AGB). Future work should therefore focus on developing new and adjusting existing algorithms for vegetation parameter extraction in the savanna biome, improving predictive AGB models through 3D reconstructions of savanna trees and shrubs as well as quantifying AGB change through the application of multi-temporal TLS. The integration of data from various sources and platforms e.g., TLS with airborne LiDAR is recommended for improved vegetation parameter extraction (including AGB) at larger spatial scales. The review highlights the huge potential of TLS for accurate savanna vegetation extraction by discussing TLS opportunities, challenges and potential future research in the savanna biome.

scholarly journals Geotourist Potential Of Post-Mining Regions In Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Nita ◽  
Urszula Myga-Piątek
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Aesthetic Values ◽  
Mining Regions

Abstract The current article will attempt to confirm that Polish post-mining areas are characterized by high cognitive and aesthetic values and that they have great geotourism potential, which has been little used so far. Tourism is regarded to be one of the most dynamically growing sectors of the global economy and is a phenomenon that occurs in the landscapes of all ecological and altitudinal zones. Geotourism is among the relatively recent types of tourism. Poland is a highly attractive country for geotourism. The aim of this article is to analyze the distribution and size of post-mining areas in Poland and, based on these analyses, to assess the geotourist potential of selected post-mining regions. Based on the distribution of natural resource mining sites and their potential and actual use in geotourism, the authors selected 20 actual and potential geotourist regions in Poland. These regions were divided into three basic categories based on their attractiveness.

Using LiDAR Point Clouds in Determination of the Scots Pine Stands Spatial Structure Meaning in the Conservation of Lichen Communities in “Bory Tucholskie” National Park

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-103
Author(s):  
Piotr Wężyk ◽  
Paweł Hawryło ◽  
Marta Szostak ◽  
Karolina Zięba-Kulawik ◽  
Monika Winczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Active Protection ◽  
Scanning Lidar ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Biometric Features

Abstract The aim of the research carried out in 2018 and financed by the Forest Fund was the analysis of biometric features and parameters of pine stands in the area of the “Bory Tucholskie” National Park (PNBT), where a program of active protection of lichen was initiated in 2017. Environmental analyses were conducted in relation to selected biometric features of trees and stands using laser scanning (LiDAR), including ULS (Unmanned Laser Scanning; RIEGL VUX-1) and TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning; FARO FOCUS 3D; X130). Thanks to the application of LiDAR technology, the structure of pine stands was precisely determined by means of a series of descriptive statistics characterizing the 3D spatial structure of vegetation. Using the Trees Crown Model (CHM), the analysis of the volume of tree crowns and the volume of space under canopy was performed. For the analysed sub-compartments, GIS solar analyses were carried out for the solar energy reaching the canopy and the ground level due to active protection of lichen. Multispectral photos were obtained using a specialized RedEdge-M camera (MicaSense) mounted on the UAV multi rotor platform Typhoon H520 (Yuneec). Flights with a thermal camera were also performed in order to detect places on the ground with high temperature. Plant indices: NDVI, NDRE, GNDVI and GRVI were also calculated for sub-compartments. The data obtained in 2017 and 2018 were the basis for spatial and temporal analyses of 4-D changes in stands which were related to the removal of some trees and organic layer (litter, moss layer).

A framework for near real-time ROM stockpile modelling to improve blending efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Zhao ◽  
Tien-Fu Lu ◽  
Larissa Statsenko ◽  
Benjamin Koch ◽  
Chris Garcia
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ore Grade

Purpose In the mining industry, a run-of-mine (ROM) stockpile is a temporary storage unit, but it is also widely accepted as an effective method to reduce the short-term variations of ore grade. However, tracing ore grade at ROM stockpiles accurately using most current fleet management systems is challenging, due to insufficient information available in real time. This study aims to build a three-dimensional (3D) model for ROM stockpiles continuously based on fine-grained grade information through integrating data from a number of ore grade tracking sources. Design/methodology/approach Following a literature review, a framework for a new stockpile management system is proposed. In this system, near real-time high-resolution 3D ROM stockpile models are created based on dump/load locations measured from global positioning system sensors. Each stockpile model contains a group of layers which are separated by different qualities. Findings Acquiring the geometric shapes of all the layers in a stockpile and cuts made by front wheel loaders provides a better understanding about the quality and quality distribution within a stockpile when it is stacked/reclaimed. Such a ROM stockpile model can provide information on predicating ore blend quality with high accuracy and high efficiency. Furthermore, a 3D stockyard model created based on such ROM stockpile models can help organisations optimise material flow and reduce the cost. Research limitations/implications The modelling algorithm is evaluated using a laboratory scaled stockpile at this stage. The authors expect to scan a real stockpile and create a reference model from it. Meanwhile, the geometric model cannot represent slump or collapse during reclaiming faithfully. Therefore, the model is expected to be reconcile monthly using laser scanning data. Practical implications The proposed model is currently translated to the operations at OZ Minerals. The use of such model will reduce the handling costs and improve the efficiency of existing grade management systems in the mining industry. Originality/value This study provides a solution to build a near real-time high-resolution multi-layered 3D stockpile model through using currently available information and resources. Such novel and low-cost stockpile model will improve the production rates with good output product quality control.

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