scholarly journals SOCIOECONOMIC DRIVERS OF LAND USE INTENSIFICATION IN FIJI ISLANDS: A GEOGRAPHICAL APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2021 ◽  
pp. 837-842
Author(s):  
D. L. Cornelio
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Socioeconomic Drivers ◽  
Fiji Islands ◽  
Land Availability

Abstract. Shifting cultivation is a common agricultural practice in the Pacific Islands rarely sustainable today since fallow periods are ever shorter due to the demographic growth, farms fragmentation, uncertain land tenure, and pressures from the market economy among other factors (drivers). Official statistical data and maps were utilized to build up chloropleth maps indicating the areas of high land use intensity (LUI) according to farm size ranges and socioeconomic parameters (treatments) for the country. Twenty vector layers were digitized from published maps for eight ranges of farm sizes (from less than 1 to more than 100 ha), and converted to raster format with a 170 m2 pixel size. Critical maps were then built by boolean operations displaying areas in which both the land use and the socioeconomic driver were simultaneously ranked as high or very high. Treatments showed significant differences among them (p < 0.05), being the most influential those related to human demography. In farms smaller than 3 ha size land use is intense when (in order of importance) Indo-fijian population, household size and land availability values are high; while in farms of 20–50 ha size it is intense when the values of (in order of importance) population change, Indo-fijian population, land availability, fishing and sugar farming are also high. LUI patterns normally decrease with the increase of farm size, but increases on farms over 20 ha size. It is recommended to propose policies that will des-accelerate the rates of land use, such as the facilitation of land ownership over farms of bigger sizes, the gradual replacement of mono cropping by agroforestry systems, and the creation of more employment opportunities in the industry, tourism and services sectors.

Effects of land tenure and urbanization on the change of land use of cacao (Theobroma cacao) agroforestry systems in southeast Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 881-891
Author(s):  
Samuel Oporto-Peregrino ◽  
Mircea Gabriel Hidalgo-Mihart ◽  
Ricardo Alberto Collado-Torres ◽  
Alejandro Antonio Castro-Luna ◽  
Lilia María Gama-Campillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Southeast Mexico

scholarly journals Study of parcels-based Land Use Planning in Urban areas dan Rural Areas (Case Study of Mantrijeron Sub-district, Yogyakarta City and Bambanglipuro Sub-district, Bantul Regency)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hary Listantyo Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Land Availability ◽  
Field Planning ◽  
Yogyakarta City

The Land Use Planning (LUP-Neraca Penatagunaan Tanah/NPGT) is a balance between land availability and the needs of tenure, use and utilization of land according to the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) function area. LUP is arranged sectorally and regionally. Examples of sectoral LUP are rice field planning and plantation field planning. While regional LUP is arranged at a certain administrative level. So far LUP has been prepared based on zones/ regions that are adjusted to the RTRW functions area. The LUP at the sub-district administrative level began to be initiated and to be implemented after almost all of district/ city LUPs were implemented. Sub-district LUP was supported by the availability of the Subdistrict Spatial Detail Plan (RDTR) on a 1:5.000 scale which became a reference in the permittance of space utilization, so that the subdistrict LUP was arranged on the same scale. In this paper an assessment of sub-district LUP was made based on the Parcels Map (PBT) that available in the land office. PBT displays land parcels based on land ownership and land tenure. LUP is carried out in urban areas and rural areas. Location of urban areas in Mantrijeron Sub-District, Yogyakarta City, while rural areas in Bambanglipuro Sub-District.The stages of sub-district LUP consist of : data collection/ inventory; processing and analysis of data; and compilation of results and discussion. The data collection/ inventory phase includes activities for preparing work maps and collecting primary data and supporting data. The processing and analysis stage includes data processing on sub-district LUP compilation with GIS application (ArcGIS) and LUP analysis. LUP analysis consists of : analysis of land use changes, analysis of land use suitability and analysis of land availability. The stage of result preparation and discussion includes the preparation of the result of the analysis, a comparison between two regions that were studied, conclusions and recommendations. The result of the parcels-based sub-district LUP shows that land tenure and ownership information is very detailed; the information of land use and utilization in one parcel of land can consist of more than one type. In urban areas, the size of land parcels is relatively small with more varied types of land use and utilization than rural areas. As a note, that the coverage of parcels map in rural areas still needs to be improved because there are still empty areas.

Global Deforestation Revisited: The Role of Political and Institutional Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ianna Raissa Moreira Dantas ◽  
Mareike Söder
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Institutional Factor ◽  
Socioeconomic Drivers ◽  
Relationship Of

&lt;p&gt;In times of international agreements and efforts to mitigate climate change and meet sustainable development, ecosystem management and forest conservation deserve special attention to promote human and environmental sustenance. Tropical forests have been declining worldwide, and biodiversity is under constant threat. Understanding the future potential of environmental services requires analysis of the relationship of socioeconomic drivers and anthropogenic land use change (LUC). Population and economic growth, agricultural production, and human capital have a dual relationship of cause and consequence with LUC. Likewise, changing patterns of land use, through agriculture and silviculture activities, is directly associated to market and technical progress, but also to political, institutional, and socioeconomic development. Studying such relationships enhances the analyses on the ability of institutional factors to promote environmental conservation, economic growth, and social welfare. Studies on LUC are historically based on physical variables; however, institutional and political drivers have shown to be core to forest degradation. The present paper aims at investigating the role of physical and institutional factor on global deforestation. This paper draws from recent global remote sensing data on land use from ESA Climate Change Initiative (ESA/CCI) from 1992 and 2015. To assess drivers of deforestation, we employ a logit model regression accounting for a global spatially explicit dataset on land use, regressed with physical, economic, and socioeconomic variables. We make use of the suitability indicators calculated by IIASA for different agricultural crops within the Global Agro-Ecological Zones modelling. As institutional factors we consider areas under protection based on spatial datasets provided by UNEP and wetland international, and include the country level corruption index of Transparency International. Our preliminary analysis shows that institutional instability is significantly related to LUC. In areas where land should be under protection due to non-market ecosystem services, political instability is likely to stimulate land use. Likewise, insecurity in land tenure might lead to a short-term maximization of profits, through full deforestation and exploitation of the soil fertility, instead of a long-term sustainable use.&lt;/p&gt;

THE USE OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES TO OPTIMIZE FARM SIZE

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
T. Movchan ◽  
V. Artеmov ◽  
D. Bulysheva
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Linear Programming ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Economic Zones

It is recommended to implement forecasting management models in the area of land use and protection by applying linear programming methods to optimize the size of farms, which land is located in different natural and economic zones. Analysis and assessment of land use in natural-economic zones is a type of management activity for deep understanding of the dialectic of a managed object development and true assessment of its moving forces. This enables to simulate the situation of land use, to identify a specific goal, to choose the means to achieve it and to obtain the optimum result. The implementation of the proposed forecast models of the optimal farm size is carried out by linear programming in three ways (northwest corner method, minimum cost method and What-If analysis method, that uses Solver, a Microsoft Excel add-in program). The implementation of the above approaches is based on the example of four farms and five natural-economic zones. The obtained solutions show that the best result is attained by using Solver for What-If analysis method, a Microsoft Excel add-in program. The northwest corner method gives the worst result, but this is the simplest solution. The minimum cost method depends on the researcher qualification and produces the result that is most often found between the results obtained by the northwest corner method and the "Solver" procedure. When using the method of the northwest corner a program of consideration of different options for the distribution of land resources and the choice of the optimal solution was developed. This allows to find an optimal result of land allocation according to the result, which is similar to the result of the procedure "Solver", but it is more adapted for the direct participation of the researcher in the process of solving problems. There is an opportunity to improve the result by changing the original data, which simulates the forecast of the distribution of farm land in natural-economic zones, while minimizing production costs. In the absence of access to computers, the solutions obtained by the northwest corner and the minimum cost methods can be improved by the potential method.

scholarly journals Agroforestry Systems of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley: Land Use for Biocultural Diversity Conservation

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Mariana Vallejo ◽  
M. Isabel Ramírez ◽  
Alejandro Reyes-González ◽  
Jairo López-Sánchez ◽  
Alejandro Casas
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Biocultural Diversity ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Human Settlements

The Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico, is the semiarid region with the richest biodiversity of North America and was recently recognized as a UNESCO's World Heritage site. Original agricultural practices remain to this day in agroforestry systems (AFS), which are expressions of high biocultural diversity. However, local people and researchers perceive a progressive decline both in natural ecosystems and AFS. To assess changes in location and extent of agricultural land use, we carried out a visual interpretation of very-high resolution imagery and field work, through which we identified AFS and conventional agricultural systems (CAS) from 1995 to 2003 and 2012. We analyzed five communities, representative of three main ecological and agricultural zones of the region. We assessed agricultural land use changes in relation to conspicuous landscape features (relief, rivers, roads, and human settlements). We found that natural ecosystems cover more than 85% of the territory in each community, and AFS represent 51% of all agricultural land. Establishment and permanence of agricultural lands were strongly influenced by gentle slopes and the existence of roads. Contrary to what we expected, we recorded agricultural areas being abandoned, thus favoring the regeneration of natural ecosystems, as well as a 9% increase of AFS over CAS. Agriculture is concentrated near human settlements. Most of the studied territories are meant to preserve natural ecosystems, and traditional AFS practices are being recovered for biocultural conservation.

scholarly journals Analysis of spatiotemporal changes of agricultural land after the Second World War in Czechia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vít Zelinka ◽  
Johana Zacharová ◽  
Jan Skaloš
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
German Population ◽  
World War ◽  
Landscape Type ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe term Sudetenland refers to large regions of the former Czechoslovakia that had been dominated by Germans. German population was expelled directly after the Second World War, between 1945 and 1947. Almost three million people left large areas in less than two years. This population change led to a break in the relationship between the people and the landscape. The aim of the study is to compare the trajectories of these changes in agricultural landscapes in lower and higher altitudes, both in depopulated areas and areas with preserved populations. This study included ten sites in the region of Northern Bohemia in Czechia (18,000 ha in total). Five of these sites represent depopulated areas, and the other five areas where populations remained preserved. Changes in the landscape were assessed through a bi-temporal analysis of land use change by using aerial photograph data from time hoirzons of 2018 and 1953. Land use changes from the 1950s to the present are corroborated in the studied depopulated and preserved areas mainly by the trajectory of agricultural land to forest. The results prove that both population displacement and landscape type are important factors that affect landscape changes, especially in agricultural landscapes.

Rubber specialization vs crop diversification: the roles of perceived risks

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Min ◽  
Jikun Huang ◽  
Hermann Waibel
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of farmers’ risk perceptions regarding rubber farming on their land use choices, including rubber specialization and crop diversification. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey data of some 600 smallholder rubber farmers in Xishuangbanna in Southwest China is employed. This paper develops a general conceptual framework that incorporates a subjective risk item into a model of farmers’ land use choices, thereby developing four econometric models to estimate the role of risk perceptions, and applies instrumental variables to control for the endogeneity of risk perceptions. Findings The results demonstrate that risk perceptions play an important role in smallholders’ decision-making regarding land use strategies to address potential risks in rubber farming. Smallholders with higher risk perceptions specialize in rubber farming less often and are more likely to diversify their land use, thereby contributing to local environmental conservation in terms of agrobiodiversity. The land use choices of smallholder rubber farmers are also associated with ethnicity, household wealth, off-farm employment, land tenure status, altitude and rubber farming experience. Originality/value This study contributes to a better understanding of the implications of farmers’ risk perceptions and shows entry points for improving the sustainability of rubber-based land use systems.

Vulnerabilities and Threats to Natural Forest Regrowth: Land Tenure Reform, Land Markets, Pasturelands, Plantations, and Urbanization in Indigenous Communities in Mexico

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1340
Author(s):  
Elena Lazos-Chavero ◽  
Paula Meli ◽  
Consuelo Bonfil
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Landscape Restoration ◽  
Peasant Communities ◽  
Tenure Reform ◽  
Biological Corridor

Despite the economic and social costs of national and international efforts to restore millions of hectares of deforested and degraded landscapes, results have not met expectations due to land tenure conflicts, land-use transformation, and top-down decision-making policies. Privatization of land, expansion of cattle raising, plantations, and urbanization have created an increasingly competitive land market, dispossessing local communities and threatening forest conservation and regeneration. In contrast to significant investments in reforestation, natural regrowth, which could contribute to landscape regeneration, has not been sufficiently promoted by national governments. This study analyzes socio-ecological and economic vulnerabilities of indigenous and other peasant communities in the Mexican states of Veracruz, Chiapas, and Morelos related to the inclusion of natural regeneration in their forest cycles. While these communities are located within protected areas (Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve, El Tepozteco National Park, and Chichinautzin Biological Corridor), various threats and vulnerabilities impede natural regeneration. Although landscape restoration involves complex political, economic, and social relationships and decisions by a variety of stakeholders, we focus on communities’ vulnerable land rights and the impacts of privatization on changes in land use and forest conservation. We conclude that the social, economic, political, and environmental vulnerabilities of the study communities threaten natural regeneration, and we explore necessary changes for incorporating this process in landscape restoration.

Main trends and problems of spatial development of agricultural land use and land tenure in the Non-Chernozem Economic Zone of Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Polunin ◽  
V.V. Alakoz
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Economic Zone

The article sets out the main goals, objectives and priorities of the spatial development of agricultural land use and land tenure in the territories of the Non-Black Earth Economic Zone. The principles, main directions and scenarios of the spatial development of agricultural land use are given. The greatest attention is paid to the mechanisms of spatial development of agricultural land use.

scholarly journals Annual litterfall dynamics and nutrient deposition depending on elevation and land use at Mt. Kilimanjaro

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 5635-5646 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Becker ◽  
H. Pabst ◽  
J. Mnyonga ◽  
Y. Kuzyakov
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Land Use Intensity ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Nutrient Deposition ◽  
Leaf Litterfall ◽  
Rainfall Seasonality ◽  
Intensively Managed

Abstract. Litterfall is one of the major pathways connecting above- and below-ground processes. The effects of climate and land-use change on carbon (C) and nutrient inputs by litterfall are poorly known. We quantified and analyzed annual patterns of C and nutrient deposition via litterfall in natural forests and agroforestry systems along the unique elevation gradient of Mt. Kilimanjaro. Tree litter in three natural (lower montane, Ocotea and Podocarpus forests), two sustainably used (homegardens) and one intensively managed (shaded coffee plantation) ecosystems was collected on a biweekly basis from May 2012 to July 2013. Leaves, branches and remaining residues were separated and analyzed for C and nutrient contents. The annual pattern of litterfall was closely related to rainfall seasonality, exhibiting a large peak towards the end of the dry season (August–October). This peak decreased at higher elevations with decreasing rainfall seasonality. Macronutrients (N, P, K) in leaf litter increased at mid elevation (2100 m a.s.l.) and with land-use intensity. Carbon content and micronutrients (Al, Fe, Mn, Na) however, were unaffected or decreased with land-use intensity. While leaf litterfall decreased with elevation, total annual input was independent of climate. Compared to natural forests, the nutrient cycles in agroforestry ecosystems were accelerated by fertilization and the associated changes in dominant tree species.

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