GEOSPATIAL VALUATION OF URBAN FARMING IN IMPROVING CITIES RESILIENCE: A CASE OF MALANG CITY, INDONESIA

Abstract. Urban farming is recently acknowledged as a strategy with various services in improving cities resilience but facing cons such as land competition and rapid urbanization. The study attempts to inventory available areas for urban farming implementation and estimate the total values with case study in Malang city, Indonesia. The study divided urban farming into five forms i.e. nursery, allotment, residential, institutional and rooftop farming based on its characteristics. Land inventory has been done by estimating existing and potential areas. Existing area was manually delineated by Field Area Measure App through field visit and visualized by ArcGIS. Potential area was identified through geospatial assessment considering land use and land cover map provided by the Government of Indonesia and parcel zoning based on Guideline of Urban Farming development and literatures. The study employed Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and Market Price Method to estimate total values of urban farming. Currently there is 1.38 ha of urban farming which is equal to 0.01 % of city’s area distributed in 21 plots and 211.46 ha potential area or equal to 1.92 % of city’s area. Urban farming has services for amount of US$ 28.68 m−2 yr−1, specifically 22.86, 3.60, 0.80, 1.10 and 0.34 US$ m−2 yr−1 in terms of provisioning food; income generation; recreation and community building; education and learning; and maintenance urban comfort, respectively. If existing and potential area used for urban farming, then it could contribute to US$ 395,095.68 annually for existing and potentially up to US$ 60,646,800.35 annually for entire city.

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Willingness of tobacco farmers to accept compensation for tobacco crop substitution in Lichuan City, China

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056751 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056751

Author(s):

Xinyu Wan ◽

Jianjun Jin ◽

Shenghong Ran

Keyword(s):

Contingent Valuation ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Willingness To Accept ◽

Face To Face ◽

Valuation Method ◽

Female Farmers ◽

Substitution Policy ◽

The Mean ◽

Expected Benefits ◽

The Government

ObjectiveThis study, conducted in China, explores tobacco farmers’ willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for tobacco crop substitution.MethodsThe contingent valuation method was used to elicit farmers’ WTA compensation. A face-to-face survey was conducted with 280 tobacco farmers in Lichuan City, China. The standard logit regressions were used to identify the factors that influence farmers’ WTA.ResultsWithout compensation, most of the respondents were unwilling to implement tobacco crop substitution. However, if the government provided compensation, the proportion of respondents’ willingness for substitution increased to 86.7%. Male tobacco farmers are more likely to accept a given compensation value than female farmers. Older tobacco farmers have a higher probability of accepting compensation. The number of farmers engaged in tobacco growing in a family is negatively associated with the probability of accepting a given compensation amount. Tobacco farmers with greater confidence in the expected benefits of tobacco crop substitution tend to be more willing to accept compensation. The mean WTA estimate was achieved as US$2020.35/ha/year.ConclusionsIf appropriate compensation is provided for tobacco farmers, there is a potential to implement the tobacco crop substitution policy in the study area.

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ANALISIS WILLINGNESS TO PAY DAN PENGARUH VARIABEL PENDAPATAN, JUMLAH TANGGUNGAN RUMAH TANGGA, USIA, AKSES KE SEKOLAH TERHADAP PEMILIHAN SERTA PENGEMBANGAN STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN SEKOLAH

Business and Finance Journal ◽

10.33086/bfj.v6i1.1981 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 77-88

Author(s):

Christina Utami ◽

Metta Padmalia

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

User Fees ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Valuation Method ◽

The Government

The purpose of this study is to estimate and analyze the willingness to pay and fax tor the factors that affect the willingness to pay at High School in the of Semarang. The method used is Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and multiple linear regression analysis. The number of samples in this study were 238 respondents, the sampling technique was done by snowball sampling. The results of this study indicate that the average willingness to pay (WTP) of households in High Schools in Semarang is Rp.559.034,00. Factors that have a significant influence on WTP values are income variables, number of household dependents, age and length of access. Whereas the factors that have no effect on willingness to pay (WTP) are parents' education variables. Based on the results of the study, the suggestions that can be put forward are the management or the government to improve the quality of the Vocational School as well as the development of a transparency policy on the collection and allocation of user fees and other resources.

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Economic Valuation of Green Electricity Sources in Pakistan

Business and Economic Research ◽

10.5296/ber.v10i3.17051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Muhammad-Jawad Iqbal ◽

Abdul-Rahim Samad Abdul

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Economic Valuation ◽

Green Electricity ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Valuation Method ◽

Bid Price ◽

The Government

Green electricity, which comes from renewable sources such as wind, hydro and solar, are well appreciated for their being environment friendly. The advantage of these sources are apparent in part of already natural environment. Moreover, this modern form of electricity also contributes in the poverty alleviation in developing countries, which is one of the sustainable development goals (SDG). The objective of this study is to explore electricity consumers’ willingness to pay for the sustainable energy by employing the contingent valuation method (CVM). The respondents were divided into two broad categories of urban and rural consumers. A total of 400 respondents from urban and 405 respondents from rural areas were selected for this study. The CVM calculated the overall price of green electricity for the improvement of environment through increasing the share of electricity from renewable energy sources. The widely used WTP measure double-bounded dichotomous was utilised to elicit the appropriate value of green electricity from the bid price. The results from the logit regressions showed that the respondents with high income and a higher level of education are willing to pay more for green electricity in both urban and rural models. However, results also revealed that the willingness to pay for green electricity is high in younger people than older people. The mean willingness to pay has found 0.33 cents per kWh in the urban model, while is 0.24 in the rural model. The results provided a guideline to the government to charge an appropriate surcharge from the consumers in order to enhance the share of green electricity in energy mix.

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VALUASI EKONOMI JASA LINGKUNGAN EKOSISTEM HUTAN TAMAN EDEN 100, DESA LUMBAN JULU, PARAPAT, SUMATERA UTARA

ECOTROPHIC Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) ◽

10.24843/ejes.2019.v13.i02.p05 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 170

Author(s):

Ivany Gresya Saragih ◽

Made Sudiana Mahendra ◽

I Made Sudarma

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sink ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Economic Value ◽

Environmental Services ◽

Use Value ◽

Wood Production ◽

Tourist Attractions ◽

Forest Park ◽

Valuation Method ◽

The Government

Eden 100 Forest Park is an ecotourism area that has the potential of natural resources that can be used as tourist attractions. Forest Park Eden 100 also provides environmental services such as hydrological forest services, forest services as carbon sinks, and forest services in producing timber and non-timber goods. This study aims to find out what environmental services are provided by the Eden 100 forest and to analyze the economic value of environmental services and the obstacles and challenges faced by managers in efforts to preserve forest ecosystems. The results showed that the Eden 100 Forest Park provides environmental services in the form of direct use environmental services, namely wood production with economic value of the economic value of wood production of Rp 7,822,633,800 and non-wood (fruits) of Rp 25,500,000, non-use value directly in the form of natural landscapes (ecotourism) whose value is calculated using the travel cost method (TCM) and a yield of Rp 1,164,181,800 is obtained, non-use value in the form of existence services whose economic value is calculated using the contingent valuation method (CVM) of Rp.60,158,120 , as a carbon sink value which is calculated using the allometric method, and a yield of Rp. 18,161,220,000 is obtained. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the total economic value of the Eden 100 Forest is Rp. 27,233,693,720. This proves that the existence of the Eden 100 forest is a very big economic benefit if its sustainability is maintained because it can absorb carbon which gives a great economic value. Efforts to manage and preserve Eden Forest Park 100 as a tourist attraction have been carried out in an integrated manner with the government, private sector and local communities, but need to be increased so that forests can provide environmental services in a sustainable manner.

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Smallholder Farmers’ Willingness to Pay for Agricultural Production Cost Insurance in Rural West Java, Indonesia: A Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) Approach

Risks ◽

10.3390/risks7020069 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 69 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dadang Jainal Mutaqin ◽

Koichi Usami

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Contingent Valuation ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Production Cost ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

West Java ◽

Valuation Method ◽

Cropping Season ◽

The Government

To reduce the negative impacts of risks in farming due to climate change, the government implemented agricultural production cost insurance in 2015. Although a huge amount of subsidy has been allocated by the government (80 percent of the premium), farmers’ participation rate is still low (23 percent of the target in 2016). In order to solve the issue, it is indispensable to identify farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for and determinants of their participation in agricultural production cost insurance. Based on a field survey of 240 smallholder farmers in the Garut District, West Java Province in August–October 2017 and February 2018, the contingent valuation method (CVM) estimated that farmers’ mean willingness to pay (WTP) was Rp 30,358/ha/cropping season ($2.25/ha/cropping season), which was 16 percent lower than the current premium (Rp 36,000/ha/cropping season = $2.67/ha/cropping season). Farmers who participated in agricultural production cost insurance shared some characteristics: operating larger farmland, more contact with agricultural extension service, lower expected production for the next cropping season, and a downstream area location.

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The CVM Evaluation of Forest Eco-Tourism in Heilongjiang Province

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.356 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 113-116 ◽

pp. 356-360

Author(s):

Zhe Ying Han ◽

Hong Chen

Keyword(s):

Contingent Valuation ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Market Price ◽

Implementation Process ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Heilongjiang Province ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Low Carbon Economy ◽

Valuation Method ◽

Tourism Product

The Contingent Valuation Method can be used to assess the value of products with intangible benefits such as ecological products and so on. Forest eco-tourism product is the symbiosis product of forest ecological environment and tourism industry, which owns the function of increasing foreign exchange as well as carbon solidification and complies with the requirements of developing low-carbon economy. Forest eco-tourism product is a new growth point of forestry industry; however its value is underestimated by market price. This paper designed the survey objects, questionnaire, survey processes of Contingent Valuation Method that is suitable for Heilongjiang Province and the points should be attended during the implementation process, further, the willing expenditure utility function of Forest eco-tourism product is analyzed as well to provide a theoretical basis for the pricing of forest ecological product.

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Analysis of Willingness to Pay (WTP) at Vocational High School

Economics Development Analysis Journal ◽

10.15294/edaj.v8i2.29884 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 120-129

Author(s):

Anik Susanti ◽

Dyah Maya Nihayah

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Vocational High School ◽

Valuation Method ◽

The Government

The purpose of this study is to estimate and analyze the willingness to pay (willingness to pay) and fax tor the factors that affect the willingness to pay at Vocational High School in the of Semarang. The method used is Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and multiple linear regression analysis. The number of samples in this study were 100 respondents, the sampling technique was done by purposive sampling and proportional sampling. The results of this study indicate that the average willingness to pay (WTP) of households in Vocational High Schools in Semarang is Rp. 167.950,00. Factors that have a significant influence on WTP values are income variables, number of household dependents, age and length of access. Whereas the factors that have no effect on willingness to pay (WTP) are parents' education variables. Based on the results of the study, the suggestions that can be put forward are the management or the government to improve the quality of the Vocational School as well as the development of a transparency policy on the collection and allocation of user fees and other resources

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Society’s Willingness to Pay for Certified Dry Firewood Energy in Chile

Frontiers in Energy Research ◽

10.3389/fenrg.2021.676654 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Leidy Y. García ◽

Arcadio A. Cerda ◽

Rocio del P. Lagos ◽

Patricio I. Muñoz ◽

Monserrat Muñoz

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Economic Value ◽

Valuation Method ◽

Wood Burning ◽

Pollution Damage ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

The Government ◽

Non Market Valuation

Introduction: Air pollution is present in most cities in Chile due to smoke produced from firewood, as happened in many developing countries, generating various health problems among the population. This situation is especially prevalent in all cities in central and southern Chile. To mitigate it, the government implemented several measures, among which are the promotion of the use of certified dry firewood and hourly restrictions on the use of wood-burning stoves for heating according to the peak emissions of particulate matter.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the willingness to pay for certified dry firewood as a means of reducing environmental restrictions on the use of wood-burning stoves to heat households.Materials and methods: The study used a non-market valuation, specifically contingent valuation, method using a double-bounded dichotomous choice format with the estimation of biprobit econometric models.Results: The results showed that the average individual was willing to pay 12 USD, and extrapolating that to the local population’s willingness to pay yielded an economic value of 3,415,140 USD, which to a certain extent represents the valuation of air pollution damage.Conclusion: Our results showed that people positively valued the use of dry firewood as a payment vehicle to improve air quality and thereby reduce restrictions on the use of certified dry firewood for heating. Therefore, complementary environmental policy measures should be continued to address the problem of air pollution in both the short and long term.

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ESTIMATION OF CONSUMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR CAVENDISH BANANA USING CONTINGENT VALUATION METHOD IN SPECIAL PROVINCE YOGYAKARTA

Agro Ekonomi ◽

10.22146/ae.50002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Novia Dewi Karisyawati ◽

Any Suryantini ◽

Arini Wahyu Utami

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Contingent Valuation ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Market Price ◽

Primary Data ◽

Good Opportunity ◽

Determinant Factors ◽

Valuation Method ◽

Cavendish Banana

Banana is a fruit with the highest consumption level in Indonesia. There are many types of bananas in Indonesia, but only a few types are sold in modern markets and fruit shops, among other Cavendish banana. The Cavendish is known to consumers by their attractive appearance, superior quality and relatively higher prices. This study aims to assess the value of the consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for Cavendish banana and its determinant factors. There are two methods used, i.e., contingent valuation method to evaluate the consumers’ willingness to pay, and multiple regression to analyse its determinant factors. Primary data were obtained from 100 respondents by purposive sampling and interviewed in Yogyakarta Special Region between April and June 2019. The results indicate that the consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for Cavendish banana is IDR 24,485/kg, which is above the market price. The determinant factors of the consumers’ willingness to pay include the Cavendish banana price, quality of the Cavendish, monthly frequency of consuming banana, family size, income and marital status. The high value of the consumers’ willingness to pay indicates the good opportunity to expand the Cavendish banana market in Special Province Yogyakarta, by taking into account quality and market segmentation.

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Determinant Factors for Cattle Insurance as a Risk Management Strategy

Agriekonomika ◽

10.21107/agriekonomika.v10i1.10147 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 113-124

Author(s):

Amelia Dwi Nugrahaini ◽

Mashyuri Masyhuri ◽

Any Suryantini

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Household Income ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Financial Loss ◽

Risk Management Strategy ◽

Natural Logarithm ◽

Valuation Method ◽

Cattle Diseases ◽

Downer Cow Syndrome ◽

The Government

Cattle farmers in Gunungkidul Regency face several cattle diseases such as Helminthiasis, Anthrax, Downer Cow Syndrome, and Intoxication in which these diseases mostly attack female cows. To prevent financial loss for the farmers, the government facilitates them with cattle insurance. This study aims to determine the reasons and the cattle farmers’ willingness-to-pay for the cattle insurance by conducting a survey addressed to 100 cattle farmers and identifying the factors related to it. This study used a Contingent Valuation Method in estimating the cattle farmer's WTP. The various factors that influence the farmer's WTP were analyzed by using natural logarithm regression models. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the willingness-to-pay for cattle farmers who did not participate in cattle insurance are 22,600 IDR and farmers who participate in cattle insurance are 36,320 IDR. Education, household income, and farmers’ interest in the insurance were positively effecting toward the farmers' willingness-to-pay. However, age and the number of families showed the negative ones toward the farmers’ willingness-to-pay.

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