scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE VISIBILITY CAPABILITIES OF FOREST FIRE LOOKOUT TOWERS: THE CASE OF GEMLIK, BURSA, TURKEY

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W5-2021 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
A. E. Akay
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Visibility Analysis ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
The City

Abstract. In Turkey, there are forest areas that are sensitive to fire in the first degree, especially along the coastline in the Marmara region and the Aegean and Mediterranean regions. As a result of forest fires, which is one of the biggest environmental disasters on forest resources, approximately 10000 hectares of forest area is damaged annually. One of the important elements of combating forest fires is early detection. In order to achieve this goal, the correct positioning of fire lookout towers is of great importance. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate visibility capabilities of forest fire lookout tower in Gemlik Forestry Enterprise Chief (FEC) located in the city of Bursa. Firstly, the visibility analysis was implemented using in ArcGIS 10.4.1 to evaluate the existing fire tower in the FEC, and then considering the potential fire lookout tower in the study area, the visible areas from both existing and new tower were determined. According to the results, while 63.55% of the study area was visible from the existing tower, this ratio increased to 77.39% when the second tower was added. When only the forest areas are evaluated, the existing tower could see 71.73% of the forest areas, while the visible forest areas have increased to 83.36% when the two towers were taken into account. It has been seen that the visibility capacities of existing towers and potential towers can be evaluated effectively by using GIS-based visibility analysis.

THE ROLE OF EARLY DETECTION OF FOREST FIRE IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanimir Živanović ◽  
Darko Zigar ◽  
Dejan Krstić
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Camera Surveillance

Continuous monitoring of open space is of the utmost importance for the protection of forests against fire. Collected data in real time provide fast intervention of relevant services to extinguish the fire. Timely information about the appearance of fire reduce the number of areas affected by this fire and thereby minimizes the costs of fire extinguishing and the damage caused in the woods. The current way of detecting fire in an open area in Serbia is not in real time, and due to this, it is necessary to implement modern technology of collecting data related to early detection of fires. This paper presents an integral project of forest-fire protection on the territory of Serbia in order to provide the reference for the application of terrestrial automated system for early detection and prediction of forest fires. An automated system could be comprised of infrared and high-resolution TV camera surveillance, covering a large part of the forest area and forest land. Key words: Forest fire, prediction, early detection.

Forest Fire Control Aircraft in Canada

1964 ◽  
Vol 68 (644) ◽  
pp. 546-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
National Programme ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Forest Lands

SummaryThe economic losses occasioned by forest fires in Canada are serious. Although the forest lands are largely under the jurisdiction of the provincial governments the forest resources are of national interest. For this reason the federal government, through the Department of Forestry, carries out a national programme of forestry research. The research in forest fire control encompasses the use of aircraft. This paper reviews the early developments in the use of aeroplanes in Canadian forestry operations. The more recent developments of direct fire suppression techniques, such as water dropping, are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Análisis cartográfico del nivel de afectación de los incendios forestales sobre áreas urbanizadas en la Costa del Sol occidental (1991-2013)

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
José Romero-Padilla ◽  
Juan Francisco Martínez Murillo
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Mapping Analysis ◽  
Mediterranean Regions

Este trabajo analiza el grado de variabilidad de la afección de los siniestros de incendios forestales, ocurridos en los municipios de la Costa del Sol occidental (provincia de Málaga), sobre sus áreas urbanizadas e infraestructuras viarias durante el periodo 1991 a 2013. Primero se lleva a cabo un análisis descriptivo de los incendios forestales registrados desde 1987 hasta 2015. Posteriormente, se caracteriza el grado de afección de los incendios forestales sobre áreas urbanas e infraestructuras viarias, a partir de la medición de la cercanía del fuego a las mismas. Los resultados muestran que la Costa del Sol occidental se sitúa como el área más afectada por el fuego en la provincia de Málaga, al mismo nivel de otras regiones españolas, con una importante actividad turística y una expansión desmedida de la superficie urbanizada. Los siniestros analizados adquieren carácter de incendio de interfase urbano-forestal debido a la urbanización intensa y dispersa por su territorio y a la densidad de su red viaria. La cartografía muestra que la población e infraestructuras viarias potencialmente afectadas por el fuego tienen una variabilidad anual muy elevada, aunque cada vez es más frecuente que se vea afectada directa o indirectamente, haciendo necesario la actualización constante de los sistemas de protección a la población. This study deals with the forest fire affecting the municipalities of Western Costa del Sol (province of Málaga, South of Spain), namely, in the urban areas and the main transportation network from 1991 to 2013. To do this, firstly, a descriptive analysis of the registered forest fires included in the Andalucía Government Map Historic Database from 1987 to 2015. Secondly, the affection distance of fire to urban areas and main roads were determined considering the following intervals: 0, 100, 500 and 1,000 m; 0 metres means fire affected directly. The main results are the following: i) the Western Costal del Sol is the most affected area by the fire in the province of Málaga, as well as at the same level than other Mediterranean regions in Spain; ii) the analysed fires could be classified as wildland-urban interphase fire due to the intense urbanization and dense road network along the Costa del Sol. From the mapping analysis, it can be pointed out population and road network with possibilities of being affected by the fire is high but also very variable in time, making necessary updated protection and surveillance systems.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Forest Cover Change and Its Driving Forces in the Syrian Coastal Region during a Period of Conflict, 2010 to 2020

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Syrian Coast ◽  
Coast Region

In Syria, 76% of the forests are located in the Syrian coast region. This region is witnessing a rapid depletion of forest cover during the conflict that broke out in mid-2011. To date, there have been no studies providing accurate, reliable, and comprehensive data on the qualitative and quantitative aspects of forest change dynamics and the underlying drivers behind this change. In this study, changes in the dynamics of forest cover and its density between 2010 and 2020 were detected and analyzed using multi-temporal Landsat images. This study also analyzed the relationship between changes in forest cover and selected physical and socio-demographic variables associated with the drivers of change. The results revealed that the study area witnessed a significant decrease in the total forest area (31,116.0 ha, 24.3%) accompanied by a considerable decrease in density, as the area of dense forests decreased by 11,778.0 ha (9.2%) between 2010 and 2020. The change in forest cover was driven by a variety of different factors related to the conflict. The main drivers were changes in economic and social activities, extensive exploitation of forest resources, frequent forest fires, and weakness of state institutions in managing natural resources and environmental development. Forest loss was also linked to the expansion of cultivated area, increase in population and urban area. Fluctuating climatic conditions are not a major driver of forest cover dynamics in the study area. This decrease in forest area and density reflects sharp shifts in the natural environment during the study period. In the foreseeable future, it is not possible to determine whether the changes in forest cover and its density will be permanent or temporary. Monitoring changes in forest cover and understanding the driving forces behind this change provides quantitative and qualitative information to improve planning and decision-making. The results of this study may draw the attention of decision-makers to take immediate actions and identify areas of initial intervention to protect current the forests of the Syrian coast region from loss and degradation, as well as develop policies for the sustainable management of forest resources in the long term.

scholarly journals Wireless Sensor Based Forest Fire Early Detection with Online Remote Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 143-145
Author(s):  
Shobana Mahalingam ◽  
Meka Sai Deep ◽  
Kotha Sai Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Network Technology ◽  
Normal Process ◽  
Current Spread

Since most countries have an extensive forest resources, there are often, if not constantly, fires that erupt in these countries from these causes. The majority of vulnerable areas are found in warm climates. Since its highest elevation is a hundred and theta, this piece of infrastructure enables substantial vegetation, but since summers are hot and arid, the risks an overload. When global warming gets more intense, these types of disasters will become more frequent and worse. Much more land in the seasonal forest fires have been lost each year due to a destructive cutting practises, the old forestry, as well as assets, such as private residences and other structures. Additionally, it puts firefighters and the general public at risk, who on an equal scale suffer from a lot of death and illness each year. this sensor, microprocessor, and network technology] developed greatly expanded our] so we are now able to reliably detect the current spread of forest fires and begin to respond quickly to their progression. After natural timberland fires are set, which are frequent in remote regions where trees have not been selectively logged, they burn down into tinder, then new trees grow from seeds in their ashes, the older ones' fuel die and that spread. These pieces are particularly susceptible to being set on fire, which is an excellent location for matches and pyrotechnics. Although many a midsummer's day can cause a flame to erupt, the wick to expand, it can also be stoked by the normal process of human activities like smoking or using a heat source. Start running the process just as soon as the components are ready to go up in the flame. As the breeze expands the flame, the basic element of the vapour gets built up.

scholarly journals Análisis cartográfico del nivel de afectación de los incendios forestales sobre áreas urbanizadas en la Costa del Sol occidental (1991-2013)

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
José Romero-Padilla ◽  
Juan Francisco Martínez Murillo
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Mapping Analysis ◽  
Mediterranean Regions

Este trabajo analiza el grado de variabilidad de la afección de los siniestros de incendios forestales, ocurridos en los municipios de la Costa del Sol occidental (provincia de Málaga), sobre sus áreas urbanizadas e infraestructuras viarias durante el periodo 1991 a 2013. Primero se lleva a cabo un análisis descriptivo de los incendios forestales registrados desde 1987 hasta 2015. Posteriormente, se caracteriza el grado de afección de los incendios forestales sobre áreas urbanas e infraestructuras viarias, a partir de la medición de la cercanía del fuego a las mismas. Los resultados muestran que la Costa del Sol occidental se sitúa como el área más afectada por el fuego en la provincia de Málaga, al mismo nivel de otras regiones españolas, con una importante actividad turística y una expansión desmedida de la superficie urbanizada. Los siniestros analizados adquieren carácter de incendio de interfase urbano-forestal debido a la urbanización intensa y dispersa por su territorio y a la densidad de su red viaria. La cartografía muestra que la población e infraestructuras viarias potencialmente afectadas por el fuego tienen una variabilidad anual muy elevada, aunque cada vez es más frecuente que se vea afectada directa o indirectamente, haciendo necesario la actualización constante de los sistemas de protección a la población. This study deals with the forest fire affecting the municipalities of Western Costa del Sol (province of Málaga, South of Spain), namely, in the urban areas and the main transportation network from 1991 to 2013. To do this, firstly, a descriptive analysis of the registered forest fires included in the Andalucía Government Map Historic Database from 1987 to 2015. Secondly, the affection distance of fire to urban areas and main roads were determined considering the following intervals: 0, 100, 500 and 1,000 m; 0 metres means fire affected directly. The main results are the following: i) the Western Costal del Sol is the most affected area by the fire in the province of Málaga, as well as at the same level than other Mediterranean regions in Spain; ii) the analysed fires could be classified as wildland-urban interphase fire due to the intense urbanization and dense road network along the Costa del Sol. From the mapping analysis, it can be pointed out population and road network with possibilities of being affected by the fire is high but also very variable in time, making necessary updated protection and surveillance systems.

scholarly journals Spatial-temporal distribution of forest fires and fire weather index calculation from 2000 to 2009 in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Ullah ◽  
X.D. Liu ◽  
M. Al-Amin
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Fire Weather Index ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Forest Fire Danger ◽  
The City

This paper describes the forest fire dynamics in the city of Sanming in Fujian province, China, from 2000 to 2009 with a view to understand the number of fires and burned areas in different counties. It also includes the spatial-temporal distribution of fires and application of the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System (CFFDRS). Daily forest fire data was provided by the Department of Wildfire Prevention of Sanming Forestry Bureau. FWI calculator v.7.0.2.76 was used in this study for analysing the weather parameter data. The results showed that a total of 818 fires and burned areas of 8721.16 ha were found during the study period of 10 years. However, the highest and lowest forest fires were found in Youxi county and Sanming district, respectively. Most of the fires with large burned areas occurred at 2 p.m. Moreover, occurrences of fires were found the highest and lowest in March and June, respectively. Based on FWI calculation, the highest danger rating value was found in March, 2009. This study proposes that it would be possible to manage regular forest fire occurrences through the application of CFFDRS. Finally, to plan the fire prevention and management in southern China and other tropical countries, this system has a great opportunity for further implementations.  

Discussion on Investigation and Preventive Measures of Forest Fire Risk under the New Situation—Taking China Huizhou State-owned Forest Farm and Provincial Nature Reserve as an Example

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Lihe Li ◽  
◽  
Huilan Jiang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Forest Fire Prevention ◽  
New Situation ◽  
Forest Fire Risk ◽  
Forest Farm

Forest fire is the biggest potential safety hazard of forest resources, and fire damage to forest resources is great. Therefore, forest fire prevention is an important content in the management and protection of forest resources. In order to effectively protect forest resources, scientific and effective measures must be taken to reduce forest fires. Based on this, this paper analyzes the troubleshooting of forest fire risk and discusses the relevant solutions.

scholarly journals Trends and Situation of Forest Fire in Indonesia 2015-2018, Based on Three Factors: Peatland,Timber Concession, and Forest Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Mila Soraya
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Spatial Panel ◽  
Spatial Approach ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Spatial Panel Data

This research addresses the reoccurrence of forest fires and their size with regional-spatial information. This study is attained to the Sustainable Development Goal in the year 2030 (climate action and life on land) and is consistent with the mission of JISDeP. Probit and tobit regression analyses were applied to the regional-spatial panel data from 2015 to 2018 in Indonesia with the observations of forest-fire events, peatland, forest area, and timber concession on an annual basis. Such analyses would characterize the possible determinants for the forest fire reoccurrence together with their sizes. Comparatively, this study tries to fill the gap by examining the reoccurrence of forest fires. This research tries to fill in the gap on studies about land and forest fires by combining quantitative analysis using probit and tobit regression and using spatial approach of peatland, forest and timber concession area. The regression results reveal the following outcomes. The first outcome is whether forest fire reoccurrence positively (negatively) associated with peatland and forest areas (timber concession). Second, forest fires tend to decrease with the repetition of past forest fires but increase with timber concession, peatland, and forest areas. Overall, these results imply that the reoccurrence of forest fires and their sizes is highly concerned with timber concession and types of areas, suggesting that Indonesia should organize the policies regarding forest timber concession and areas to reduce forest fires and the associated damage. 

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA HUTAN RAWA GAMBUT DI KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG LIANG ANGGANG KELURAHAN LANDASAN ULIN BARAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Fatkhunnisa Irkhamni ◽  
Abdi Fithria ◽  
Khairun Nisa
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
City Water ◽  
Water Catchment ◽  
The City

Protected forest areas are areas that have the primary function of protecting life support systems to regulate water systems, prevent flooding, control erosion, prevent sea water intrusion, and maintain soil fertility. One of the protected forest areas in South Kalimantan Province is Liang Anggang Protection Forest. This forest is located in the city of Banjarbaru. The designation of the area as protected forest is as a Banjarbaru City water catchment area and is dominated by thick peat soils. Forest areas that have started to disappear due to forest fires and land clearing make this area can be said to be a forest area that is in critical condition. Unbalanced food chains make endemic animals slowly disappear. One effort to restore the region is to build an education-based ecotourism. Based on data from the SWOT analysis, it is seen in quadrant I which means that the research results are included in a very good situation because they are supported by the power factor to seize opportunities that will be useful. The development of peat swamp forest ecotourism in Liang Anggang Protected Forest Area can minimize weaknesses to overcome various problems that will be a threat to development.Kawasan hutan lindung adalah kawasan yang mempunyai fungsi pokok sebagai perlindungan sistem penyangga kehidupan untuk mengatur tata air, mencegah banjir, mengendalikan erosi, mencegah intrusi air laut, dan memelihara kesuburan tanah. Salah satu kawasan hutan lindung yang berada di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan adalah Kawasan Hutan Lindung Liang Anggang. Hutan ini berada di Kecamatan Landasan Ulin dan Kecamatan Liang Anggang. Penunjukan kawasan sebagai hutan lindung yaitu sebagai daerah resapan air Kota Banjarbaru dan didominasi dengan tanah gambut tebal. Kawasan hutan yang mulai hilang keberadaan ekosistemnya akibat kebakaran hutan dan pembukaan lahan membuat kawasan ini dapat dikatakan sebagai kawasan hutan yang berada pada kondisi kritis. Rantai makanan yang tidak seimbang membuat satwa endemik perlahan mulai hilang. Salah satu upaya untuk memulihkan kawasan yaitu dengan membangun ekowisata berbasis edukasi. Berdasarkan data hasil analisis SWOT menunjukkan pada kuadran I yang berarti bahwa hasil penelitian termasuk pada situasi yang sangat baik karena didukung dari faktor kekuatan untuk meraih peluang yang akan menguntungkan. Pengembangan ekowisata hutan rawa gambut yang berada di kawasan Kawasan Hutan Lindung Liang Anggang dapat meminimalisir kelemahan untuk mengatasi berbagai masalah yang akan menjadi ancaman pengembangan.

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