scholarly journals Design and evaluation of split-ring resonators for aptamer-based biosensors

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Reinecke ◽  
Johanna-Gabriela Walter ◽  
Tim Kobelt ◽  
André Ahrens ◽  
Thomas Scheper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Target Protein ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Split Ring Resonators ◽  
Molecular Binding ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Line Theory

Abstract. Split-ring resonators are electrical circuits, which enable highly sensitive readout of split capacity changes via a measurement of the shift in the resonance frequency. Thus, functionalization of the split allows the development of biosensors, where selective molecular binding causes a change in permittivity and therefore a change in split capacity. In this work, we present a novel approach using transmission line theory to describe the dependency between permittivity of the sample and resonance frequency. This theory allows the identification of all relevant parameters of a split-ring resonator and thus a target-oriented optimization process. Hereby all setup optimizations are verified with measurements. Subsequently, the split of a resonator is functionalized with aptamers and the sensor response is investigated. This preliminary experiment shows that introducing the target protein results in a shift in the resonance frequency caused by a permittivity change due to aptamer-mediated protein binding, which allows selective detection of the target protein.

scholarly journals A Novel SWB Antenna with Triple Band-Notches Based on Elliptical Slot and Rectangular Split Ring Resonators

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Saeed Ur Rahman ◽  
Qunsheng Cao ◽  
Ignacio Gil ◽  
Muhammad Irshad khan
Keyword(s):  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Split Ring Resonators ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Swb Applications ◽  
Triple Band ◽  
Microstrip Feed

In this paper, a wideband antenna was designed for super-wideband (SWB) applications. The proposed antenna was fed with a rectangular tapered microstrip feed line, which operated over a SWB frequency range (1.42 GHz to 50 GHz). The antenna was implemented at a compact size with electrical dimensions of 0.16 λ × 0.27 λ × 0.0047 λ mm3, where λ was with respect to the lowest resonance frequency. The proposed antenna prototype was fabricated on a F4B substrate, which had a permittivity of 2.65 and 1 mm thickness. The SWB antenna exhibited an impedance bandwidth of 189% and a bandwidth ratio of 35.2:1. Additionally, the proposed antenna design exhibited three band notch characteristics that were necessary to eradicate interference from WLAN, WiMAX, and X bands in the SWB range. One notch was achieved by etching an elliptical split ring resonator (ESRR) in the radiator and the other two notches were achieved by placing rectangular split ring resonators close to the signal line. The first notch was tuned by incorporating a varactor diode into the ESRR. The prototype was experimentally validated with, with notch and without notch characteristics for SWB applications. The experimental results showed good agreement with simulated results.

scholarly journals Optically Tunable Terahertz Metasurfaces Using Liquid Crystal Cells Coated with Photoalignment Layers

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
Yi-Hong Shih ◽  
Xin-Yu Lin ◽  
Harry Miyosi Silalahi ◽  
Chia-Rong Lee ◽  
Chia-Yi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Pump Beam ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Split Ring Resonators ◽  
Terahertz Region ◽  
Crystal Cells ◽  
Terahertz Filter

An optically tunable terahertz filter was fabricated using a metasurface-imbedded liquid crystal (LC) cell with photoalignment layers in this work. The LC director in the cell is aligned by a pump beam and makes angles θ of 0, 30, 60 and 90° with respect to the gaps of the split-ring resonators (SRRs) of the metasurface under various polarized directions of the pump beam. Experimental results display that the resonance frequency of the metasurface in the cell increases with an increase in θ, and the cell has a frequency tuning region of 15 GHz. Simulated results reveal that the increase in the resonance frequency arises from the birefringence of the LC, and the LC has a birefringence of 0.13 in the terahertz region. The resonance frequency of the metasurface is shifted using the pump beam, so the metasurface-imbedded LC cell with the photoalignment layers is an optically tunable terahertz filter. The optically tunable terahertz filter is promising for applications in terahertz telecommunication, biosensing and terahertz imaging.

scholarly journals Coupling Schemes in Terahertz Planar Metamaterials

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dibakar Roy Chowdhury ◽  
Ranjan Singh ◽  
Antoinette J. Taylor ◽  
Hou-Tong Chen ◽  
Weili Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Line ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Split Ring Resonators ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Lattice Mode

We present a review of the different coupling schemes in a planar array of terahertz metamaterials. The gap-to-gap near-field capacitive coupling between split-ring resonators in a unit cell leads to either blue shift or red shift of the fundamental inductive-capacitive (LC) resonance, depending on the position of the split gap. The inductive coupling is enhanced by decreasing the inter resonator distance resulting in strong blue shifts of theLCresonance. We observe theLCresonance tuning only when the split-ring resonators are in close proximity of each other; otherwise, they appear to be uncoupled. Conversely, the higher-order resonances are sensitive to the smallest change in the inter particle distance or split-ring resonator orientation and undergo tremendous resonance line reshaping giving rise to a sharp subradiant resonance mode which produces hot spots useful for sensing applications. Most of the coupling schemes in a metamaterial are based on a near-field effect, though there also exists a mechanism to couple the resonators through the excitation of lowest-order lattice mode which facilitates the long-range radiative or diffractive coupling in the split-ring resonator plane leading to resonance line narrowing of the fundamental as well as the higher order resonance modes.

scholarly journals Tuning of resonance frequency in array of split-ring resonators in terahertz range

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gediminas Šlekas ◽  
Žilvinas Kancleris ◽  
Dalius Seliuta
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Terahertz Range ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Split Ring Resonators

scholarly journals Effects of Microstructure Variations on Macroscopic Terahertz Metafilm Properties

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. O'Hara ◽  
Evgenya Smirnova ◽  
Abul K. Azad ◽  
Hou-Tong Chen ◽  
Antoinette J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Terahertz Frequency ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Terahertz Frequency Range ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Split Ring Resonators

The properties of planar, single-layer metamaterials, or metafilms, are studied by varying the structural components of the split-ring resonators used to comprise the overall medium. Measurements and simulations reveal how minor design variations in split-ring resonator structures can result in significant changes in the macroscopic properties of the metafilm. A transmission-line/circuit model is also used to clarify some of the behavior and design limitations of the metafilms. Though our results are illustrated in the terahertz frequency range, the work has broader implications, particularly with respect to filtering, modulation, and switching devices.

scholarly journals Fractal Antenna Based on Split Ring Resonators with Defected Ground Structure

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Aruna R ◽  
Sreegiri S S
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Fractal Antenna ◽  
Defected Ground Structure ◽  
Ground Structure ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Split Ring Resonators ◽  
Circular Patch

In this paper presents the design of a circular microstrip fractal antenna (CMFA) loaded with parasitic edge-coupled (EC) split ring resonators (SRR) and defected ground structure (DGS). The basic resonant structure is a circular patch antenna designed at 3.2 GHz on FR4 substrate with relative permittivity 4.4, and 1.6 mm thickness. One iteration of circular patch and slots is employed to form it fractal and so as to attain multiband performance, the antenna is inset fed by a 50? microstrip line. Further the work is extended to demonstrate the effect of placing split ring resonator to particular position of substrate, improves the impedance matching leading to improved bandwidth. In addition L shaped defected ground structures are used to improve the antenna performance. . A comparison between fractal antenna with and without SRRs and DGS is made and the results verifies that a better gain improvement and return loss. The dimensions of the antenna are 45 mm x 45 mm and it can be used for ultra wide band (UWB) applications.

Coupled ring resonator for microwave characterization of dielectric materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahima Kapoor ◽  
K. S. Daya ◽  
G. S. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Split Ring Resonators ◽  
Closed Ring

In this paper characterization of dielectric materials in liquid and powder phase using concentric closed and split ring resonators of length λ, λ/2, and λ/4 is reported. Experimental results have been validated by simulations and theoretically modeling. Sensitivity of the resonator with closed rings was maximum. Experimentally extracted values of dielectric constant of ferrite ranged from 14.05 to 15.1 with closed ring resonators and from 13.6 to 14.02 with split ring resonator, respectively. For spirulina platensis the dielectric constant was lying in the range 1.78–1.93 and 1.74–2.04 with closed ring and split ring resonators, respectively. The values extracted experimentally are in good agreement with simulation and theoretically found values. However, the values obtained from closed ring resonator were in agreement with the dielectric constant values of ferrite and spirulina platensis.

Multiband planar antenna with CSRR loaded ground plane for WLAN and fixed satellite service applications

Frequenz ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 393-399
Author(s):  
Debasish Pal ◽  
Rahul Singhal ◽  
Abhishek Joshi ◽  
Ayan Kumar Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Ground Plane ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Split Ring Resonators ◽  
Multiband Antenna ◽  
Resonant Structures ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Satellite Service

AbstractIn this paper, a novel approach to achieve multiband antenna operation using metamaterial based resonant structures is presented. Multiband antenna operation is achieved by employment of complementary split ring resonators (CSRR) printed in the ground plane. The CSRRs resonate at different frequencies according to their optimized dimensions. Proposed approach features simple design and fabrication possibility compared to other methods of achieving multiband antenna operation such as usage of composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line or split ring resonators (SRR) or CSRR around the patch surface. The proposed method is demonstrated through simulation and experimental measurements using three CSRRs with different resonant frequencies together with a tuning CSRR and a radiating patch. Contribution of different CSRRs to obtain multiple resonances have been shown by surface current plots. Measured antenna gain of 2.78, 1.27 and 3.45 dB has been obtained at frequencies of 5.25, 6.28 and 7.29 GHz respectively. The measurements done on developed antenna exhibits close agreement with the simulation results. In context with the current communication application trends involving multiple operating bands like 5G, this approach may have immense application potential since the same can be adopted to achieve compact multiband antennae operation in other frequency bands of interest.

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