scholarly journals The Italian National Seismic Network and the earthquake and tsunami monitoring and surveillance systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Michelini ◽  
Lucia Margheriti ◽  
Marco Cattaneo ◽  
Gianpaolo Cecere ◽  
Giuseppe D'Anna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Seismic Network ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
Moment Tensors ◽  
The North

Abstract. The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) is an Italian research institution, with focus on Earth Sciences. INGV runs the Italian National Seismic Network (Rete Sismica Nazionale, RSN) and other networks at national scale for monitoring earthquakes and tsunami as a part of the National Civil Protection System coordinated by the Italian Department of Civil Protection (Dipartimento di Protezione Civile, DPC). RSN is composed of about 400 stations, mainly broadband, installed in the Country and in the surrounding regions; about 110 stations feature also co-located strong motion instruments, and about 180 have GPS receivers and belong to the National GPS network (Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS, RING). The data acquisition system was designed to accomplish, in near-real-time, automatic earthquake detection, hypocenter and magnitude determination, moment tensors, shake maps and other products of interest for DPC. Database archiving of all parametric results are closely linked to the existing procedures of the INGV seismic monitoring environment and surveillance procedures. INGV is one of the primary nodes of ORFEUS (Observatories & Research Facilities for European Seismology) EIDA (European Integrated Data Archive) for the archiving and distribution of continuous, quality checked seismic data. The strong motion network data are archived and distributed both in EIDA and in event based archives; GPS data, from the RING network are also archived, analyzed and distributed at INGV. Overall, the Italian earthquake surveillance service provides, in quasi real-time, hypocenter parameters to the DPC. These are then revised routinely by the analysts of the Italian Seismic Bulletin (Bollettino Sismico Italiano, BSI). The results are published on the web, these are available to both the scientific community and the general public. The INGV surveillance includes a pre-operational tsunami alert service since INGV is one of the Tsunami Service providers of the North-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Tsunami warning System (NEAMTWS).

scholarly journals Tsunami Alert Efficiency in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: The 2 May 2020 Earthquake (Mw6.6) and Near-Field Tsunami South of Crete (Greece)

GeoHazards ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerassimos A. Papadopoulos ◽  
Efthymios Lekkas ◽  
Katerina-Navsika Katsetsiadou ◽  
Emmanouil Rovythakis ◽  
Amir Yahav
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Tide Gauge Records ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
Origin Time ◽  
Earthquake Parameters

The Mediterranean tsunami warning system is based on national monitoring centers (Tsunami Service Providers, TSPs) and operates under the IOC/UNESCO umbrella. For the first time we evaluate in depth the system’s performance for improving its operational effectiveness in conditions of extremely narrow time frames due to the near-field tsunami sources. At time 10 (± 2) min from the origin time, to, of the 2 May 2020 (Mw6.6) earthquake in Crete, the Greek, Italian and Turkish TSPs sent alerts to civil protection subscribers. A small tsunami (amplitude ~16 cm a.m.s.l.) of magnitude Mt6.8, arriving at south Crete in ~17 min from to, was documented from tide-gauge records and macroscopic observations. The analysis of the upstream alert messages showed that the tsunami alert efficiency is not adequate, since (1) earthquake parameters of low accuracy were used for the initial message, (2) alerts were issued after some forecasted wave arrival times had expired, (3) alert messages are characterized by various discrepancies and uncertainties. Our calculations showed that the upstream component improves if the alert time is shortened by a few minutes and the initial earthquake parameters are more accurate. Very late procedures were noted in the Greek civil protection downstream component, thus rendering response actions useless. In Israel, a bit more time was available to the authorities for decision making. A drastic improvement of the downstream component is needed to achieve timely alerting for local authorities and communities.

scholarly journals Potential deployment of offshore bottom pressure gauges and adoption of data assimilation for tsunami warning system in the western Mediterranean Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Heidarzadeh ◽  
Yuchen Wang ◽  
Kenji Satake ◽  
Iyan E. Mulia
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Tsunami Warning ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Bottom Pressure ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
Earthquake Scenarios ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Mediterranean Basin

AbstractWestern Mediterranean Basin (WMB) is among tsunamigenic zones with numerous historical records of tsunami damage and deaths. Most recently, a moderate tsunami on 21 May 2003 offshore Algeria, North Africa, was a fresh call for strengthening tsunami warning capabilities in this enclosed water basin. Here, we propose to deploy offshore bottom pressure gauges (OBPGs) and to adopt the framework of a tsunami data assimilation (TDA) approach for providing timely tsunami forecasts. We demonstrate the potential enhancement of the tsunami warning system through the case study of the 2003 Algeria tsunami. Four scenarios of OBPG arrangements involving 10, 5, 3 and 2 gauges are considered. The offshore gauges are located at distances of 120–300 km from the North African coast. The warning lead times are 20, 30, 48 and 55 min for four points of interest considered in this study: Ibiza, Palma, Sant Antoni and Barcelona, respectively. The forecast accuracies are in the range of 69–85% for the four OBPG scenarios revealing acceptable accuracies for tsunami warnings. We conclude that installation of OBPGs in the WMB can be helpful for providing successful and timely tsunami forecasts. We note that the OBPG scenarios proposed in this study are applicable only for the case of the 2003 Algeria tsunami. Further studies including sensitivity analyses (e.g., number of OBPG stations; earthquake magnitude, strike, epicenter) are required in order to determine OBPG arrangements that could be useful for various earthquake scenarios in the WMB.

scholarly journals Source modeling and inversion with near real-time GPS: a GITEWS perspective for Indonesia

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1617-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Babeyko ◽  
A. Hoechner ◽  
S. V. Sobolev
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Source Modeling ◽  
Plate Interface ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Source Models

Abstract. We present the GITEWS approach to source modeling for the tsunami early warning in Indonesia. Near-field tsunami implies special requirements to both warning time and details of source characterization. To meet these requirements, we employ geophysical and geological information to predefine a maximum number of rupture parameters. We discretize the tsunamigenic Sunda plate interface into an ordered grid of patches (150×25) and employ the concept of Green's functions for forward and inverse rupture modeling. Rupture Generator, a forward modeling tool, additionally employs different scaling laws and slip shape functions to construct physically reasonable source models using basic seismic information only (magnitude and epicenter location). GITEWS runs a library of semi- and fully-synthetic scenarios to be extensively employed by system testing as well as by warning center personnel teaching and training. Near real-time GPS observations are a very valuable complement to the local tsunami warning system. Their inversion provides quick (within a few minutes on an event) estimation of the earthquake magnitude, rupture position and, in case of sufficient station coverage, details of slip distribution.

Real-time seismology at UC Berkeley: The Rapid Earthquake Data Integration project

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 936-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lind S. Gee ◽  
Douglas S. Neuhauser ◽  
Douglas S. Dreger ◽  
Michael E. Pasyanos ◽  
Robert A. Uhrhammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Integration ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Seismic Network ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Earthquake Parameters ◽  
Moment Tensors ◽  
Automatic Information ◽  
Integration Project ◽  
Earthquake Data

Abstract The Rapid Earthquake Data Integration project is a system for the fast determination of earthquake parameters in northern and central California based on data from the Berkeley Digital Seismic Network and the USGS Northern California Seismic Network. Program development started in 1993, and a prototype system began providing automatic information on earthquake location and magnitude in November of 1993 via commercial pagers and the Internet. Recent enhancements include the exchange of phase data with neighboring networks and the inauguration of processing for the determination of strong-motion parameters and seismic moment tensors.

2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Reveals Areas of Los Angeles That Amplify Shaking of High-Rises

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 3370-3380
Author(s):  
Monica D. Kohler ◽  
Filippos Filippitzis ◽  
Thomas Heaton ◽  
Robert W. Clayton ◽  
Richard Guy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Site Amplification ◽  
Seismic Network ◽  
Los Angeles Basin ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The North ◽  
South Central ◽  
San Fernando

Abstract The populace of Los Angeles, California, was startled by shaking from the M 7.1 earthquake that struck the city of Ridgecrest located 200 km to the north on 6 July 2019. Although the earthquake did not cause damage in Los Angeles, the experience in high-rise buildings was frightening in contrast to the shaking felt in short buildings. Observations from 560 ground-level accelerometers reveal large variations in shaking in the Los Angeles basin that occurred for more than 2 min. The observations come from the spatially dense Community Seismic Network (CSN), combined with the sparser Southern California Seismic Network and California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program networks. Site amplification factors for periods of 1, 3, 6, and 8 s are computed as the ratio of each station’s response spectral values combined for the two horizontal directions, relative to the average of three bedrock sites. Spatially coherent behavior in site amplification emerges for periods ≥3  s, and the maximum calculated site amplifications are the largest, by factors of 7, 10, and 8, respectively, for 3, 6, and 8 s periods. The dense CSN observations show that the long-period amplification is clearly, but only partially, correlated with the depth to basement. Sites with the largest amplifications for the long periods (≥3  s) are not close to the deepest portion of the basin. At 6 and 8 s periods, the maximum amplifications occur in the western part of the Los Angeles basin and in the south-central San Fernando Valley sedimentary basin. The observations suggest that the excitation of a hypothetical high-rise located in an area characterized by the largest site amplifications could be four times larger than in a downtown Los Angeles location.

scholarly journals A reflection about the social and technological aspects in flood risk management – the case of the Italian Civil Protection

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. del Carmen Llasat ◽  
F. Siccardi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ground Effects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Abstract. The right of a person to be protected from natural hazards is a characteristic of the social and economical development of the society. This paper is a contribution to the reflection about the role of Civil Protection organizations in a modern society. The paper is based in the inaugural conference made by the authors on the 9th Plinius Conference on Mediterranean Storms. Two major issues are considered. The first one is sociological; the Civil Protection organizations and the responsible administration of the land use planning should be perceived as reliable as possible, in order to get consensus on the restrictions they pose, temporary or definitely, on the individual free use of the territory as well as in the entire warning system. The second one is technological: in order to be reliable they have to issue timely alert and warning to the population at large, but such alarms should be as "true" as possible. With this aim, the paper summarizes the historical evolution of the risk assessment, starting from the original concept of "hazard", introducing the concepts of "scenario of event" and "scenario of risk" and ending with a discussion about the uncertainties and limits of the most advanced and efficient tools to predict, to forecast and to observe the ground effects affecting people and their properties. The discussion is centred in the case of heavy rains and flood events in the North-West of Mediterranean Region.

scholarly journals OGS improvements in 2012 in running the North-eastern Italy Seismic Network: the Ferrara VBB borehole seismic station

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
D. Pesaresi ◽  
M. Romanelli ◽  
C. Barnaba ◽  
P. L. Bragato ◽  
G. Durì
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Seismic Station ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Seismic Monitoring ◽  
Seismic Network ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Seismic Stations ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Borehole Seismic

Abstract. The Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche (CRS, Seismological Research Centre) of the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS, Italian National Institute for Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics) in Udine (Italy) after the strong earthquake of magnitude M=6.4 occurred in 1976 in the Italian Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, started to operate the North-eastern Italy Seismic Network: it currently consists of 17 very sensitive broad band and 18 simpler short period seismic stations, all telemetered to and acquired in real time at the OGS-CRS data centre in Udine. Real time data exchange agreements in place with other Italian, Slovenian, Austrian and Swiss seismological institutes lead to a total number of about 100 seismic stations acquired in real time, which makes the OGS the reference institute for seismic monitoring of North-eastern Italy. The south-western edge of the OGS seismic network (Fig. 1) stands on the Po alluvial basin: earthquake localization and characterization in this area is affected by the presence of soft alluvial deposits. OGS ha already experience in running a local seismic network in high noise conditions making use of borehole installations in the case of the micro-seismicity monitoring of a local gas storage site for a private company. Following the ML = 5.9 earthquake that struck the Emilia region around Ferrara in Northern Italy on 20 May 2012 at 02:03:53 UTC, a cooperation of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, OGS, the Comune di Ferrara and the University of Ferrara lead to the reinstallation of a previously existing very broad band (VBB) borehole seismic station in Ferrara. The aim of the OGS intervention was on one hand to extend its real time seismic monitoring capabilities toward South-West, including Ferrara and its surroundings, and on the other hand to evaluate the seismic response at the site. We will describe improvements in running the North-eastern Italy Seismic Network, including details of the Ferrara VBB borehole station configuration and installation, with first results.

scholarly journals Complementary methods to plan pedestrian evacuation of the French Riviera's beaches in case of tsunami threat: graph- and multi-agent-based modelling

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1735-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sahal ◽  
F. Leone ◽  
M. Péroche
Keyword(s):  
Warning System ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The North ◽  
Evacuation Plans ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
French Riviera

Abstract. Small amplitude tsunamis have impacted the French Mediterranean shore (French Riviera) in the past centuries. Some caused casualties; others only generated economic losses. While the North Atlantic and Mediterranean tsunami warning system is being tested and is almost operational, no awareness and preparedness measure is being implemented at a local scale. Evacuation is to be considered along the French Riviera, but no plan exists within communities. We show that various approaches can provide local stakeholders with evacuation capacities assessments to develop adapted evacuation plans through the case study of the Cannes–Antibes region. The complementarity between large- and small-scale approaches is demonstrated with the use of macro-simulators (graph-based) and micro-simulators (multi-agent-based) to select shelter points and choose evacuation routes for pedestrians located on the beach. The first one allows automatically selecting shelter points and measuring and mapping their accessibility. The second one shows potential congestion issues during pedestrian evacuations, and provides leads for the improvement of urban environment. Temporal accessibility to shelters is compared to potential local and distal tsunami travel times, showing a 40 min deficit for an adequate crisis management in the first scenario, and a 30 min surplus for the second one.

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