scholarly journals Assessment of the 1783 Scilla landslide–tsunami's effects on the Calabrian and Sicilian coasts through numerical modeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1585-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Zaniboni ◽  
Gianluca Pagnoni ◽  
Glauco Gallotti ◽  
Maria Ausilia Paparo ◽  
Alberto Armigliato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Coastal Morphology ◽  
Tsunami Observations ◽  
Propagation Pattern ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Landslide Tsunami ◽  
Straits Of Messina

Abstract. The 1783 Scilla landslide–tsunami (Calabria, southern Italy) is a well-studied event that caused more than 1500 fatalities on the beaches close to the town. This paper complements a previous work that was based on numerical simulations and was focused on the very local effects of the tsunami in Scilla. In this study we extend the computational domain to cover a wider portion of western Calabria and northeastern Sicily, including the western side of the Straits of Messina. This investigation focuses on Capo Peloro area (the easternmost cape of Sicily), where the highest tsunami effects outside Scilla were reported. Important tsunami observations, such as the wave height reaching 6 m at Torre degli Inglesi and flooding that reached over 600 m inland, have been successfully modeled but only by means of a high-resolution (10 m) topo-bathymetric grid, since coarser grids were inadequate for the purpose. Interestingly, the inundation of the small lake of Pantano Piccolo could not be reproduced by using today's coastal morphology, since a coastal dune now acts as a barrier against tsunamis. Historical analysis suggests that this dune was not in place at the time of the tsunami occurred and that a ground depression extending from the lake to the northern coast is a remnant of an ancient channel that was used as a pathway in Roman times. The removal of such an obstacle and the remodeling of the coeval morphology allows the simulations to reproduce the tsunami penetration up to the lake, thus supporting the hypothesis that the 1783 tsunami entered the lake following the Roman channel track. A further result of this study is that the computed regional tsunami propagation pattern provides a useful hint for assessing tsunami hazards in the Straits of Messina area, which is one of the most exposed areas to tsunami threats in Italy and in the Mediterranean Sea overall.

scholarly journals Investigation of suitable sites for wave energy converters around Sicily (Italy)

Ocean Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Iuppa ◽  
L. Cavallaro ◽  
D. Vicinanza ◽  
E. Foti
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Western Side ◽  
High Wave Energy ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Energy Converters

Abstract. An analysis of wave energy along the coasts of Sicily (Italy) is presented with the aim of selecting possible sites for the implementation of wave energy converters (WECs). The analysis focuses on the selection of hotspot areas of energy concentration. A third-generation model was adopted to reconstruct the wave data along the coast over a period of 14 years. The reconstruction was performed using the wave and wind data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. The analysis of wave energy allowed us to characterise the most energetic zones, which are located on the western side of Sicily and on the Strait of Sicily. Moreover, the estimate of the annual wave power on the entire computational domain identified eight interesting sites. The main features of the sites include relatively high wave energy and proximity to the coast, which makes them possible sites for the implementation of WEC farms.

Holocene evolution of a Languedocian lagoonal environment controlled by inherited coastal morphology (northern Gulf of Lions, France)

2010 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Raynal ◽  
Frédéric Bouchette ◽  
Raphaël Certain ◽  
Pierre Sabatier ◽  
Johanna Lofi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Coastal Morphology ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
Gulf Of Lions ◽  
Incised Valley ◽  
Coastal Watershed ◽  
Coastal Streams ◽  
Lagoon Environment

Abstract The Maguelone shore extends along the northern coast of the Gulf of Lions margin, West of the Rhône delta and East of some high gradient coastal streams that have been providing most of the clastic sediments to the Gulf of Lions margin since the early Miocene. This 10 km wide area comprises an onshore small coastal watershed (15 km long) in low-lying carbonate hills, kilometer wide marshes, sandy beach and shoreface featuring local low sedimentation. Deposit architecture in such a coastal zone records dynamics of incised valley fill under the influence of rivers and wave/current hydrodynamics in a microtidal environment during an eustatic cycle. A detailed analysis of about 250 km of very high resolution seismic profiles, tens of cores and outcrops data revealed the evolution of the Maguelone coastal system from Late-Quaternary to present-day. It highlighted also dominant denudation processes in the upstream catchments associated to the formation of incised valley seaward during Quaternary. Combination of this inherited morphology together with hydrodynamics controlled the lagoonal environment evolution since the last transgression. In particular, the Maguelone shore is characterized by the formation of built-over-rias lagoonal systems and records an evolution from partially protected lagoon to isolated lagoon environment. These two stages of lagoon evolution correspond to distinct deposit environments. Correlation of fauna contents with deposit geometry improves lagoonal environment models.

Faster Than Real Time tsunami simulations – challenges and solutions towards High Performance Exascale Computing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Macias ◽  
Manuel J. Castro ◽  
Marc de la Asunción ◽  
José Manuel González-Vida ◽  
Carlos Sánchez-Linares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Tsunami Generation ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Landslide Tsunami ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning Systems

<p>Tsunami simulation in the framework of Tsunami Early Warning Systems (TEWS) is a quite recent achievement, but still limited regarding the size of the problem and restricted to tsunami wave propagation. Faster Than Real Time (FTRT) tsunami simulations require greatly improved and highly efficient computational methods to achieve extremely fast and effective calculations. HPC facilities have the role to bring this efficiency to a maximum possible and drastically reducing computational times. Putting these two ingredients together is the aim of Pilot Demonstrator 2 (PD2) in ChEESE project. This PD will comprise both earthquake and landslide sources. Earthquake tsunami generation is to an extent simpler than landslide tsunami generation, as landslide generated tsunamis depend on the landslide dynamics which necessitate coupling dynamic landslide simulation models to the tsunami propagation. In both cases, FTRT simulations in several contexts and configurations will be the final aim of this pilot.</p><p>Among the objectives of our work in ChEESE project are achieving unprecedented FTRT tsunami computations with existing models and investigate the scalability limits of such models; increasing the size of the problems by increasing spatial resolution and/or producing longer simulations while still computing FTRT, dealing with problems and resolutions never done before; developing a TEWS including inundation for a particular target coastal zone, or numerous scenarios allowing PTHA (PD7) and PTF (PD8), an aim unattainable at present or including more physics in shallow water models for taking into account dispersive effects.</p><p>Up to now, the two European tsunami flagship codes selected by ChESEE project (Tsunami-HySEA and Landslide-HySEA) have been audit and efficiency further improved. The improved code versions have been tested in three European 0-Tier HPC facilities: BSC (Spain), CINECA (Italy) and Piz Daint (Switzerland) using up to 32 NVIDIA Graphic Cards (P100 and V100) for scaling purposes. Computing times have been drastically reduced and a PTF study composed by around 10,000 scenarios (4 nested grids, 12 M cells, 8 hours simulations) have been computed in 6 days of wall-clock computations in the 64 GPUs available for us at the BSC.</p><p><strong> </strong><strong>Acknowledgements</strong>. This research has been partially supported by the Spanish Government Research project <strong>MEGAFLOW</strong> (RTI2018-096064-B-C21), Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech and ChEESE project (EU Horizon 2020, grant agreement Nº 823844), https://cheese-coe.eu/</p>

scholarly journals Landslide tsunami case studies using a Boussinesq model and a fully nonlinear tsunami generation model

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Watts ◽  
S. T. Grilli ◽  
J. T. Kirby ◽  
G. J. Fryer ◽  
D. R. Tappin
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Marine Geology ◽  
Tsunami Generation ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Fully Nonlinear ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Landslide Tsunami

Abstract. Case studies of landslide tsunamis require integration of marine geology data and interpretations into numerical simulations of tsunami attack. Many landslide tsunami generation and propagation models have been proposed in recent time, further motivated by the 1998 Papua New Guinea event. However, few of these models have proven capable of integrating the best available marine geology data and interpretations into successful case studies that reproduce all available tsunami observations and records. We show that nonlinear and dispersive tsunami propagation models may be necessary for many landslide tsunami case studies. GEOWAVE is a comprehensive tsunami simulation model formed in part by combining the Tsunami Open and Progressive Initial Conditions System (TOPICS) with the fully non-linear Boussinesq water wave model FUNWAVE. TOPICS uses curve fits of numerical results from a fully nonlinear potential flow model to provide approximate landslide tsunami sources for tsunami propagation models, based on marine geology data and interpretations. In this work, we validate GEOWAVE with successful case studies of the 1946 Unimak, Alaska, the 1994 Skagway, Alaska, and the 1998 Papua New Guinea events. GEOWAVE simulates accurate runup and inundation at the same time, with no additional user interference or effort, using a slot technique. Wave breaking, if it occurs during shoaling or runup, is also accounted for with a dissipative breaking model acting on the wave front. The success of our case studies depends on the combination of accurate tsunami sources and an advanced tsunami propagation and inundation model.

scholarly journals Application of convection simulations to oscillation excitation and local helioseismology

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (S239) ◽  
pp. 331-342
Author(s):  
Robert F. Stein ◽  
David Benson ◽  
Dali Georgobiani ◽  
Åke Nordlund
Keyword(s):  
Computational Domain ◽  
Reynolds Stresses ◽  
Surface Shear ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Solar Convection ◽  
Surface Time ◽  
Propagation Pattern ◽  
Uniform Background ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
Surface Convection

AbstractExcitation of f- and p- modes by Reynolds stresses and entropy fluctuations is reviewed. Approximations made to allow semi-analytic analysis are discussed. The spectrum of solar convection is presented and shown to NOT be separable into independent spatial and temporal factors. An appropriate fitting formula is presented.Time-distance local helioseismology has been analyzed using numerical simulations. One approach is simulation of solar surface convection on supergranule scales (48 Mm wide by 20 Mm deep). A surface shear layer develops. There is a continuous increase in the horizontal scale of the convective motions with increasing depth. Some small granular scale downflows at the surface are swept sideways by diverging larger scale upflows from below to merge into stronger downdrafts in these larger downflow boundaries. Elsewhere, some granular downflows have to beat their way against the upflows from below are halted. These simulations have a rich spectrum of f- and p- modes that turn within the computational domain. Cross-correlations between each surface location and each location below the surface reveals the wave propagation pattern from the surface. Waves at the surface that propagate into the interior, spread horizontally and are refracted back toward the surface. Time-distance diagrams have been constructed and inverted to determine the subsurface flows, which can then be compared with the average flows in the simulation.A second approach calculates the propagation of linearized waves through a fixed, but non-uniform, background state. Some examples of such analysis are presented.

scholarly journals Investigation of suitable sites for Wave Energy Converters around Sicily (Italy)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Iuppa ◽  
L. Cavallaro ◽  
D. Vicinanza ◽  
E. Foti
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Western Side ◽  
High Wave Energy ◽  
Energy Converters

Abstract. An analysis of wave energy along the coasts of Sicily (Italy) is presented with the aim of selecting possible sites for the implementation of Wave Energy Converters (WECs). The analysis focuses on the selection of hot-spot-areas of energy concentration. A third-generation model was adopted to reconstruct the wave data along the coast over a period of 14 years. The reconstruction was performed using the wave and wind data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. The analysis of wave energy allowed us to characterise the most energetic zones, which are located on the western side of Sicily and on the Strait of Sicily. Moreover, the estimate of the annual wave power on the entire computational domain identified eight interesting sites. The main features of the sites include relatively high wave energy and proximity to the coast, which may be possible sites for the implementation of WEC farms.

scholarly journals Assessment of the 1783 Scilla landslide-tsunami effects on Calabria and Sicily coasts through numerical modeling

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Zaniboni ◽  
Gianluca Pagnoni ◽  
Glauco Gallotti ◽  
Maria Ausilia Paparo ◽  
Alberto Armigliato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Area ◽  
Computational Grid ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Tsunami Hazard Assessment ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Landslide Tsunami ◽  
The Town ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. The 1783 Scilla tsunami, induced by a coastal landslide occurring during an intense seismic sequence in Calabria (South Italy), was one of the most lethal ever observed in Italy. It caused more than 1500 fatalities, most of which on the 10 beach close to the town where people gathered to escape earthquake shaking. In this paper, complementing a previous work (Zaniboni et al., 2016) focusing on the very local tsunami effects in the town of Scilla, we study the tsunami impact on the Calabria and Sicily coasts out of Scilla. To this purpose we take into account the same landslide geometry considered in the previous study and perform three tsunami simulations, one embracing a larger region with a 50-m computational grid, and two covering the specific area of Capo Peloro, in Sicily, facing Scilla on the western side of the Messina Straits, with even 15 higher resolution (10 m mesh). Numerical results show a very good agreement with the historical observations in Capo Peloro. Moreover, the resulting global tsunami inundation pattern provides a useful hint for tsunami hazard assessment in the Messina Straits area, which is known to be one of the most exposed to tsunami threat in Italy and in the Mediterranean Sea.

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