scholarly journals Sandbag replacement systems – a nonsensical and costly alternative to sandbagging?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-220
Author(s):  
Lena Lankenau ◽  
Christopher Massolle ◽  
Bärbel Koppe ◽  
Veronique Krull
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Certification Tests ◽  
University Of Applied Sciences ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Large Scale Tests ◽  
Second Use

Abstract. In addition to flood defence with sandbags, different sandbag replacement systems (SBRSs) have been available for a number of years. The use of sandbags is time-consuming as well as highly intensive in terms of materials and personnel. In contrast, SBRSs are reusable and require lower costs in terms of helpers and logistics, offsetting the comparatively higher initial investment costs through repeated use. So far, SBRSs have rarely been used in Germany in operational flood protection. The reasons lie in different financing modalities of investment, operational costs and low confidence in the technical performance of SBRSs. These problems are addressed by a research programme at the Institute of Hydraulic Engineering (IWA), City University of Applied Sciences, Bremen. A series of systematic large-scale tests of sandbag systems and SBRSs with a focus on functionality, stability and handling was carried out. The results showed that the majority of the SBRSs tested are able to provide protection comparable to that of sandbag systems but with a significantly reduced use of materials, simplified logistics and fewer helpers. Nevertheless, it is advisable to develop and perform well-defined certification tests for SBRSs, in order to define clear instructions for and to identify limits to the use of certain SBRSs. For example, not all systems work equally well on different surfaces. Supplementary to the practical tests, costs of the procurement and use of various sandbag systems and SBRSs were determined on the basis of realistic scenarios. This provides a methodology as well as concrete figures to cost the provision and use of different protection systems from a holistic perspective. It turns out that the higher investment costs of the SBRSs investigated compared to sandbag systems are already offset on the second use of the reusable systems.

scholarly journals The Joint SLR (Optical Range) and Radar-VLBI Satellite Observations using VIRAC Radio Telescope RT32, RT16 and SLR Station Riga

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
K. Skirmante ◽  
N. Jekabsons ◽  
K. Salmins ◽  
V. Bezrukovs ◽  
M. Nechaeva
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Laser Ranging ◽  
Radio Telescopes ◽  
Vlbi Observations ◽  
University Of Applied Sciences ◽  
Measuring Techniques ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

AbstractJoint VLBI and SLR satellite tracking is a novel tracking approach to explore potential applications and to work out common procedures to coordinate observations between astronomical observatories in Latvia. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites equipped with laser retroreflectors have been chosen as test targets because they are accessible by both measuring techniques – satellite laser ranging (SLR) and Very Long Base Interferometry (VLBI).The first Joint SLR and VLBI observations of selected GNSS satellites using three of Latvian large-scale astronomical utilities – VIRAC radio telescopes RT32 and RT16 (Ventspils International Radio Astronomy Centre of Ventspils University of Applied Sciences) with L band receivers and SLR station Riga (Institute of Astronomy of University of Latvia) were obtained in 2016 (NKA16) and 2017 (NKA41 and NKA42).

Cloud-Based Multimedia Content Protection System

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
B. Aparna ◽  
S. Madhavi ◽  
G. Mounika ◽  
P. Avinash ◽  
S. Chakravarthi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Multimedia Content ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Content Protection ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Multimedia Content Protection ◽  
High Scalability ◽  
Cloud Infrastructures ◽  
Rapid Deployment

We propose a new design for large-scale multimedia content protection systems. Our design leverages cloud infrastructures to provide cost efficiency, rapid deployment, scalability, and elasticity to accommodate varying workloads. The proposed system can be used to protect different multimedia content types, including videos, images, audio clips, songs, and music clips. The system can be deployed on private and/or public clouds. Our system has two novel components: (i) method to create signatures of videos, and (ii) distributed matching engine for multimedia objects. The signature method creates robust and representative signatures of videos that capture the depth signals in these videos and it is computationally efficient to compute and compare as well as it requires small storage. The distributed matching engine achieves high scalability and it is designed to support different multimedia objects. We implemented the proposed system and deployed it on two clouds: Amazon cloud and our private cloud. Our experiments with more than 11,000 videos and 1 million images show the high accuracy and scalability of the proposed system. In addition, we compared our system to the protection system used by YouTube and our results show that the YouTube protection system fails to detect most copies of videos, while our system detects more than 98% of them.

Bottlenecks in the Implementation of On-Site Wastewater Treatment Plants on a Large Scale in The Netherlands

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Frits A. Fastenau ◽  
Jaap H. J. M. van der Graaf ◽  
Gerard Martijnse
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Definition Of

More than 95 % of the total housing stock in the Netherlands is connected to central sewerage systems and in most cases the wastewater is treated biologically. As connection to central sewerage systems has reached its economic limits, interest in on-site treatment of the domestic wastewater of the remaining premises is increasing. A large scale research programme into on-site wastewater treatment up to population equivalents of 200 persons has therefore been initiated by the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment. Intensive field-research work did establish that the technological features of most on-site biological treatment systems were satisfactory. A large scale implementation of these systems is however obstructed in different extents by problems of an organisational, financial and/or juridical nature and management difficulties. At present research is carried out to identify these bottlenecks and to analyse possible solutions. Some preliminary results are given which involve the following ‘bottlenecks':-legislation: absence of co-ordination and absence of a definition of ‘surface water';-absence of subsidies;-ownership: divisions in task-setting of Municipalities and Waterboards; divisions involved with cost-sharing;-inspection; operational control and maintenance; organisation of management;-discharge permits;-pollution levy;-sludge disposal. Final decisions and practical elaboration of policies towards on-site treatment will have to be formulated in a broad discussion with all the authorities and interest groups involved.

FH Münster University of Applied Sciences / Vietnamese Social Sciences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.L. Cu Si
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Applied Sciences ◽  
The Road ◽  
University Of Applied Sciences

FH Münster University of Applied Sciences; Lib holding: Item - The Vietnamese Social Sciences at a Fork in the Road

SYNTHETIC PHEROMONES DISRUPT MALE DIORYCTRIA SPP. MOTHS IN A LOBLOLLY PINE SEED ORCHARD

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. DeBarr ◽  
James L. Hanula ◽  
Christine G. Niwa ◽  
John C. Nord
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Large Scale Tests

AbstractSynthetic sex pheromones released in a loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L. (Pinaceae), seed orchard interfered with the ability of male coneworm moths, Dioryctria Zeller spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), to locate traps baited with sex pheromones or live females. Pherocon 1C® traps baited with synthetic pheromones or live conspecific females were hung near the center of two 1.2-ha circular plots during emergence of Dioryctria amatella (Hulst), Dioryctria disclusa (Heinrich), and Dioryctria merkeli (Mutuura and Munroe). In a paired design, trap catches for the mating-disruption treatment with synthetic pheromone dispensers consisting of three polyvinyl chloride rods placed in every tree were compared with the control treatment. Treatments were alternated at intervals of 2–3 d. Trap catches of D. amatella were reduced by 91% when plots were treated with 2.5 g/ha of Z-11-hexadencenyl acetate. Catches were reduced by 99.5% for D. disclusa and by 97% for D. merkeli when plots were treated with 12.5 g/ha of Z-9-tetradecenyl acetate, whereas catches of D. amatella were unaffected by this mating-disruption treatment. Daily disappearance of Z-9-tetradecenyl acetate from the dispensers averaged 0.46 g/ha or less. Manually placing dispensers on nylon lines in the tops of trees was an effective method for releasing synthetic Dioryctria pheromones in the orchard. These data suggest it may be feasible to prevent mating of Dioryctria spp. in pine seed orchards by using synthetic pheromones for mating disruption, but large-scale tests will be required to demonstrate cone protection.

scholarly journals Seismic Behavior and Force-Displacement Characterization of Neotype Column-Slab High Piers

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
YanQun Zhou ◽  
YeZhi Zhang ◽  
MeiXin Ye ◽  
MengSi Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Lateral Displacements ◽  
High Pier ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Large Scale Tests ◽  
Force Displacement

The seismic behavior and plasticity spreading of a neotype column-slab high pier are researched in this paper. Four scale model tests of a web slab with two boundary columns are carried out under cyclic inelastic lateral displacements simulating seismic response. The test results show that the neotype column-slab high pier has strong and stable bearing capacity, good ductility, and energy dissipation capacity. The experimental values pertaining to the spread of plasticity are derived. An approach for deriving the spread of plasticity analytically is deduced and applied to the four tests. This method accurately assesses a pier’s spread of plasticity for most ductility levels. At nearly all ductility levels, the mean difference between analytical assessments of the spread of plasticity and results from 4 large-scale tests is 12% with a 9% coefficient of variation.

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