Comment on "Evaluation of the Search and Rescue Leeway model into the Tyrrhenian sea: a new point of view" by A. Di Maio

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anonymous
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Search and Rescue Leeway model into the Tyrrhenian sea: a new point of view

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Di Maio ◽  
Mathew Vayalumkal Martin ◽  
Roberto Sorgente
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Regional Model ◽  
Boundary Layer Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Floating Objects

Abstract. The trajectories prediction of the floating objects above the sea surface represents an important task in the search and rescue (SAR) operations. In this paper we show how may be possible estimate the most probable search area by means of a stocastic model, schematizing appropriately the shape of the object and evaluating the forces acting on it. The LEEWAY model, a Montecarlo-based ensemble trajectory model, has been used; here not only the statistical law to calculate the leeway is employed but also an almost deterministic law inspired by the boundary layer theory. The model is nested with the sub-regional hydrodynamic model TSCRM (Thyrrenian Sicily Channel Regional Model) developed in the framework of PON-TESSA (National Operative Programs-TEchnology for the Situational Sea Awareness) project. The principal objective of the work is to validate the new approach of leeway calculation relying on a real event of Person in Water (PIW), occurred on July 2013 in the Thyrrenian Sea. The results show that assimilating a human body to a cylinder and estimating either the transition from laminar to turbulent boundary layer and the drag coefficients, may be possible to solve a forces balance equation which permits to estimate with good approximation the search area. This new point of view leads to the possibility to check the same approach also on other different categories of targets, so as to overcome in the future the limitations associated with calculation of leeway by means of the standard statistical law.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the search and rescue LEEWAY model in the Tyrrhenian Sea: a new point of view

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1979-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Di Maio ◽  
Mathew V. Martin ◽  
Roberto Sorgente
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Real Person ◽  
Floating Objects ◽  
Force Balance Equation

Abstract. The trajectories' prediction of floating objects above the sea surface represents an important task in search and rescue (SAR) operations. In this paper we show how it is possible to estimate the most probable search area by means of a stochastic model, schematizing the shape of the object appropriately and evaluating the forces acting on it. The LEEWAY model,a Monte Carlo-based ensemble trajectory model, has been used; here, both statistical law to calculate the leeway and an almost deterministic law inspired by the boundary layer theory have been considered. The model is nested within the subregional hydrodynamic model TSCRM (Tyrrhenian Sicily Channel Regional Model) developed in the framework of PON-TESSA (Programma Operativo Nazionale; National Operative Program – TEchnology for the Situational Sea Awareness) project. The main objective of the work is to validate a new approach of leeway calculation that relies on a real person in water (PIW) event, which occurred in the Tyrrhenian Sea in July 2013. The results show that by assimilating a human body to a cylinder and estimating both the transition from laminar to turbulent boundary layer and the drag coefficients, it can be possible to solve a force balance equation, which allows the search area to be estimated with good approximation. This new point of view leads to the possibility of also testing the same approach for other different categories of targets, so as to overcome the limitations associated with the calculation of the leeway in the future by means of standard statistical law.

scholarly journals Statistical Deviations in Shoreline Detection Obtained with Direct and Remote Observations

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Pugliano ◽  
Umberto Robustelli ◽  
Diana Di Luccio ◽  
Luigi Mucerino ◽  
Guido Benassai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Carrier Phase ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Beach Slope ◽  
Gps Survey ◽  
Frequency Code ◽  
Positioning Algorithm

Remote video imagery is widely used for shoreline detection, which plays a fundamental role in geomorphological studies and in risk assessment, but, up to now, few measurements of accuracy have been undertaken. In this paper, the comparison of video-based and GPS-derived shoreline measurements was performed on a sandy micro-tidal beach located in Italy (central Tyrrhenian Sea). The GPS survey was performed using a single frequency, code, and carrier phase receiver as a rover. Raw measurements have been post-processed by using a carrier-based positioning algorithm. The comparison between video camera and DGPS coastline has been carried out on the whole beach, measuring the error as the deviation from the DGPS line computed along the normal to the DGPS itself. The deviations between the two dataset were examined in order to establish possible spatial dependence on video camera point of view and on beach slope in the intertidal zone. The results revealed that, generally, the error increased with the distance from the acquisition system and with the wash up length (inversely proportional to the beach slope).

scholarly journals The Holocene Evolution of the Volturno Coastal Plain (Northern Campania, Southern Italy): Implications for the Understanding of Subsidence Patterns

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2692
Author(s):  
Carla Buffardi ◽  
Regina Barbato ◽  
Marco Vigliotti ◽  
Alessandro Mandolini ◽  
Daniela Ruberti
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Outer Boundary ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Driving Mechanisms ◽  
Volturno River

In the Mediterranean area, several alluvial coastal plains, developed after the Holocene transgression, are affected by subsidence. The Volturno alluvial-coastal plain, along the eastern Tyrrhenian Sea (southern Italy) is characterized by subsidence rates determined through InSAR data analysis and ranging between 0 and <−20 mm/yr in an area of about 750 kmq across the Volturno River. Inside this area, the pattern of subsidence shows sites with apparently anomalous localized subsidence. To understand the driving mechanisms of this process, a lithostratigraphic reconstruction was provided focusing on the spatial distribution of the horizons considered weak by a geotechnical point of view; then, the subsidence map was overlain spatially with geological data in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. The spatial analysis highlighted the major ground deformation occurring within the outer boundary of the incised paleo-valley, corresponding to the Holocene alluvial/transitional filling that overlies a compaction-free Pleistocene basement. Inside this general trend, differential compaction was detected corresponding to the thick occurrence of clay and peat deposits, suggesting that the subsidence rate registered in the plain are due in part to the consolidation of primary settlements of soft and compressible soils that characterize the subsoil of these areas, and in large part to the secondary consolidation settlements.

scholarly journals An Appearance-Based Tracking Algorithm for Aerial Search and Rescue Purposes

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulla Al-Kaff ◽  
María Gómez-Silva ◽  
Francisco Moreno ◽  
Arturo de la Escalera ◽  
José Armingol
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Human Detection ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Reactive Control ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
Robust Control System

The automation of the Wilderness Search and Rescue (WiSAR) task aims for high levels of understanding of various scenery. In addition, working in unfriendly and complex environments may cause a time delay in the operation and consequently put human lives at stake. In order to address this problem, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), which provide potential support to the conventional methods, are used. These vehicles are provided with reliable human detection and tracking algorithms; in order to be able to find and track the bodies of the victims in complex environments, and a robust control system to maintain safe distances from the detected bodies. In this paper, a human detection based on the color and depth data captured from onboard sensors is proposed. Moreover, the proposal of computing data association from the skeleton pose and a visual appearance measurement allows the tracking of multiple people with invariance to the scale, translation and rotation of the point of view with respect to the target objects. The system has been validated with real and simulation experiments, and the obtained results show the ability to track multiple individuals even after long-term disappearances. Furthermore, the simulations present the robustness of the implemented reactive control system as a promising tool for assisting the pilot to perform approaching maneuvers in a safe and smooth manner.

scholarly journals Monitoring, cataloguing, and weather scenarios of thunderstorm outflows in the northern Mediterranean

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2309-2330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Burlando ◽  
Shi Zhang ◽  
Giovanni Solari
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Cyclone Activity ◽  
Event Duration ◽  
High Sampling Rate

Abstract. High sampling rate (10 Hz) anemometric measurements of the Wind, Ports, and Sea monitoring network in the northern Tyrrhenian Sea have been analysed to extract the thunderstorm-related signals and catalogue them into three families according to the different time-scale of each event, subdivided among 10 min, 1, and 10 h events. Their characteristics in terms of direction of motion and seasonality/daily occurrence have been analysed: the results showed that most of the selected events come from the sea and occur from 12:00 to 00:00 UTC during the winter season. In terms of peak wind speed, the strongest events all belonged to the 10 min family, but no systematic correlation was found between event duration and peaks.Three events, each one representative of the corresponding class of duration, have been analysed from the meteorological point of view, in order to investigate their physical nature. According to this analysis, which was mainly based on satellite images, meteorological fields obtained from GFS analyses related to convection in the atmosphere, and lightning activity, the thunderstorm-related nature of the 10 min and 1 h events was confirmed. The 10 h event turned out to be a synoptic event, related to extra-tropical cyclone activity.

scholarly journals Meteorological Patterns Associated with Intense Saharan Dust Outbreaks over Greece in Winter

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Nastos
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
North African ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
African Coast ◽  
Strong Surface ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The Mediterranean Basin and southern Europe are often affected by Saharan dust outbreaks, which influence the aerosol load and properties, air quality standards, visibility and human health. The present work examines, mainly of the meteorological point of view, three intense dust outbreaks occurred over Greece with duration of one or two days, on 4 and 6 February and 5-6 March 2009. The synoptic analysis on the dusty days showed the presence of low-pressure systems in the west coasts of Europe and the north Tyrrhenian Sea, respectively, associated with a trough reaching the north African coast. The result of these conditions was the strong surface and mid troposphere winds that carried significant amounts of dust over Greece. During the dusty days extensive cloud cover associated with the dust plume occurred over Greece. The air-mass trajectories showed a clear Saharan origin in all atmospheric levels, while the satellite (MODIS Terra/Aqua) observations as well as the model (DREAM) predictions verified the intense dust outbreaks over eastern Mediterranean and Greece. The ground based particulate matter concentrations in Athens were excessively increased on the dusty days (PM10: 150–560 μg/m3), while significant dry and wet deposition occurred as forecasted by DREAM model.

scholarly journals The Influence of Port Tugs on Improving the Navigational Safety of the Port

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Vytautas Paulauskas ◽  
Martynas Simutis ◽  
Birute Plačiene ◽  
Raimondas Barzdžiukas ◽  
Martynas Jonkus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Theoretical Methods ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Port Operations ◽  
Capacity Evaluation

Port tugs are an important element in port activity and navigational safety issues. Port tugs ensure the safety of big ships while they are entering, manoeuvring, mooring and unmooring, and are of huge importance during other port operations. At the same time, optimizing the number of port tugs and tug bollard pull is also important from a port navigational safety and economic point of view. Calculation and evaluation methods of the optimal request for tugs bollard pull, in particular, port operations, are very important in order to guarantee the navigational safety of the port and ships during the main ship operations in the port. This article provides the number of requested port tugs and bollard pull calculation and evaluation methods on the basis of forces and moments acting on ships. On the basis of real ship voyages and manoeuvring at ports data as well as high accuracy simulators, theoretical methods were used, which were followed by our conclusions and recommendations, which can be used by port harbour masters and tug companies. Modern tugs have become an important element and integral part of modern port navigational safety. Such modern port tugs are also used for navigational safety and other important port functions and activities, such as fire protection and search and rescue operations. The optimal number and capacity evaluation of port tugs depending on port capacity and conditions are studied in this article.

The Holy See and the Byzantine Church and Empire

1947 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-283
Author(s):  
Eugene Cardinal Tisserant
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Holy See ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Byzantine Church

My intention here is to make a few reflections on the relations between the Papacy and the Byzantine Empire and Church, mostly from the cultural point of view. I wish to point out how the Popes continued for several centuries—from 1054 to 1453—to keep their attention fixed on the Eastern part of the Roman Empire, even after dissent had developed in the Byzantine clergy: how the Popes helped by their policy to bring about a new convergence of Greek culture with the Latin one, a convergence which gave birth to the Renaissance.The cultural break between Eastern and Western Europe had its distant origin in the resolution taken by Emperor Diocletian at the beginning of his reign to divide the responsibilities of power. For about a thousand years before 284 A.D., the trend had been to join together die various peoples around the Mediterranean Sea and to amalgamate their individual cvivilizations. Hundreds of years before the rise of Rome, the Greek colonies developed in southern Italy, in Sicily and as far north on the Tyrrhenian Sea as Cumae. The first signs of Greek influence in central Italy were in art: protocorinthian vases appeared as early as the seventh century B.C.; then terracotta works from Greek models in the sixth and fifth centuries B.C. Greek divinities were received in Rome at the beginning of the sixth century. In die middle of the fifth century, the Law of the Twelve Tables was framed after three commissioners had been sent to Greece to examine the best of Greek legislation.

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