scholarly journals Geo-historical analysis of flood impacts in Alpine catchments (HIFAVa database, Arve River, France, 1850–2015)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Boisson ◽  
Bruno Wilhelm ◽  
Emmanuel Garnier ◽  
Alain Mélo ◽  
Sandrine Anquetin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Flood Impacts ◽  
Main River ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Alpine Catchments

Abstract. In France, flooding is the most common and damaging natural hazard. Due to global warming, it is expected to globally exacerbate, and it could be even more pronounced in the European Alps that warm at a rate twice as high in the Northern Hemisphere. The Alps are densely populated, increasing exposure and vulnerability to flood hazard. To approach long-term evolutions of past flood occurrence and related socio-economic impacts in relation to changes in the flood risk components (i.e. hazard, exposure and vulnerability), the study of historical records is highly relevant. To this aim we analyze the newly constituted database of Historical Impacts of Floods in the Arve Valley (HIFAVa) located in French Northern Alps and starting in 1850. This database reports for the first-time flood occurrences and impacts in a well-documented Alpine catchment that encompasses both a hydrological and societal diversity. We analyze past impacts in regard to their characteristics and evolution in both time and space. Our results show an increasing occurrence of impacts from 1920 onwards, which is more likely related to indirect source effect and/or increasing exposure of goods and people rather than hydrological changes. The analysis reveals that small mountain streams and particularly glacial streams caused more impacts (67 %) than the main river. While increase in heavy rainfall and ice melt are expected to enhance flood hazard in small Alpine catchments, this finding calls to pay a particular attention to flood risk assessment and management in small catchments.

 Geo-historical analysis of flood impacts in a large Alpine catchment (Arve River, French Alps, 1850 – 2015).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Boisson ◽  
Bruno Wilhelm ◽  
Emmanuel Garnier ◽  
Alain Mélo ◽  
Sandrine Anquetin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Source Effects ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Flood Impacts ◽  
Main River ◽  
Alpine Catchments

<p>In France, flooding is the most common and damaging natural hazard. Due to global warming, it is expected to globally exacerbate, and it could be even more pronounced in the European Alps that warm at a rate twice as high in the Northern Hemisphere. The Alps are densely populated, increasing exposure and vulnerability to flood hazard. To approach long-term evolutions of past flood occurrence and related socio-economic impacts in relation to changes in the flood risk components (i.e. hazard, exposure and vulnerability), the study of historical records is highly relevant.</p><p>To this aim we build and analyze the newly constituted database of Historical Impacts of Floods in the Arve Valley (HIFAVa), located in French Northern Alps and starting in 1850. The database reports flood occurrences and impacts in a well-documented Alpine catchment that encompasses both a hydrological and societal diversity.</p><p>We analyze past impacts in regard to their characteristics and evolution in both time and space. Our results show an increasing occurrence of impacts from 1920 onwards, which is more likely related to indirect source effects and/or increasing exposure of goods and people rather than hydrological changes. The analysis reveals that small mountain streams and particularly glacial streams caused more impacts (67%) than the main river. While increase in heavy rainfall and ice melt are expected to enhance flood hazard in small Alpine catchments, this finding calls to pay a particular attention to flood risk assessment and management in small catchments.</p>

scholarly journals Coastal flood risk within a peri-urban area: SUSSEX Inlet district, SE Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Asbridge ◽  
D. Low Choy ◽  
B. Mackey ◽  
S. Serrao-Neumann ◽  
P. Taygfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
Natural Resource Managers

AbstractThe peri-urban interface (PUI) exhibits characteristic qualities of both urban and rural regions, and this complexity has meant that risk assessments and long-term planning for PUI are lagging, despite these areas representing new developing settlement frontiers. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by modifying an existing approach to quantify and assess flood risk. The risk triangle framework was used to map exposure, vulnerability and biophysical variables; however, in a novel application, the risk triangle framework was adapted by presuming that there is a variation in the degree of exposure, vulnerability and biophysical variables. Within Australia and globally, PUIs are often coastal, and flood risk associated with rainfall and coastal inundation poses considerable risk to communities in the PUI; these risks will be further exacerbated should projections of increasing frequency of extreme rainfall events and accelerating sea-level rise eventuate. An indicator-based approach using the risk triangle framework that maps flood hazard, exposure and vulnerability was used to integrate the biophysical and socio-economic flooding risk for communities in PUI of the St Georges Basin and Sussex Inlet catchments of south-eastern Australia. Integrating the flood risk triangle with future scenarios of demographic and climate change, and considering factors that contribute to PUI flood risk, facilitated the identification of planning strategies that would reduce the future rate of increase in flood risk. These planning strategies are useful for natural resource managers and land use planners across Australia and globally, who are tasked with balancing socio-economic prosperity for a changing population, whilst maintaining and enhancing ecosystem services and values. The indicator-based approach used in this study provides a cost-effective first-pass risk assessment and is a valuable tool for decision makers planning for flood risk across PUIs in NSW and globally.

scholarly journals Flood risk in a range of spatial perspectives – from global to local scales

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1319-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz ◽  
Buda Su ◽  
Yanjun Wang ◽  
Guojie Wang ◽  
Guofu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
The Future ◽  
Spatial Dimensions

Abstract. The present paper examines flood risk (composed of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability) in a range of spatial perspectives – from the global to the local scale. It deals with observed records, noting that flood damage has been increasing. It also tackles projections for the future, related to flood hazard and flood losses. There are multiple factors driving flood hazard and flood risk and there is a considerable uncertainty in our assessments, and particularly in projections for the future. Further, this paper analyses options for flood risk reduction in several spatial dimensions, from global framework to regional to local scales. It is necessary to continue examination of the updated records of flood-related indices, trying to search for changes that influence flood hazard and flood risk in river basins.

scholarly journals Flood Risk in a Range of Spatial Perspectives – from Global to Local

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz ◽  
Buda Su ◽  
Yanjun Wang ◽  
Guojie Wang ◽  
Guofu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
The Future ◽  
Spatial Dimensions

Abstract. The present paper examines flood risk (composed of hazard, exposure and vulnerability) in a range of spatial perspectives – from the global to the local scale. It deals with observed records, noting that flood damage has been increasing. It also tackles projections for the future, related to flood hazard and flood losses. There are multiple factors driving flood hazard and flood risk and there is a considerable uncertainty in our assessments, and particularly in projections for the future. Further, this paper analyses options for flood risk reduction in several spatial dimensions, from global framework to regional to local scales. It is necessary to continue examination of the updated records of flood-related indices, trying to search for changes that influence flood hazard and flood risk in river basins.

scholarly journals Towards dynamics in flood risk assessment

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3571-3587 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mazzorana ◽  
L. Levaggi ◽  
M. Keiler ◽  
S. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Flood Risk Assessment ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Flood Impacts

Abstract. As a consequence of flood impacts, communities inhabiting mountain areas are increasingly affected by considerable damage to infrastructure and property. The design of effective flood risk mitigation strategies and their subsequent implementation is crucial for a sustainable development in mountain areas. The assessment of the dynamic evolution of flood risk is the pillar of any subsequent planning process that is targeted at a reduction of the expected adverse consequences of the hazard impact. Given these premises, firstly, a comprehensive method to derive flood hazard process scenarios for well-defined areas at risk is presented. Secondly, conceptualisations of a static and dynamic flood risk assessment are provided. These are based on formal schemes to compute the risk mitigation performance of devised mitigation strategies within the framework of economic cost-benefit analysis. In this context, techniques suitable to quantify the expected losses induced by the identified flood impacts are provided.

scholarly journals FLOOD MANAGEMENT IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS

2015 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Floodplain Management ◽  
Flood Impacts

The worst flooding that ever hit Bosnia was in May 2014. The official estimates indicate that over 1.5 million people were affected in Bosnia and Serbia after a week of flooding. The assessments of the damage in Bosnia go up to €2billion of euro. The loss in floods is estimated 5 to 10% of GDP (as per WorldBank estimate). The effective floodplain management is a combination of the corrective and preventative measures for reducing flood damage. These measures require integrating data from a variety of sources, including zoning, subdivision, or building requirements, and the special-purpose floodplain ordinances.There are varieties of tools to generate a flood forecasting model to identify the potentially affected zones, so as to prioritize for remediation or the damage assessment. Furthermore, it is possible to analyze the time-related data and to explore trends and phenomena, to conduct the historical analysis and ―what–if‖ scenarios, and to track and monitor events such as excessive rainfall, track water levels, etc. Bosnia is just starting to develop these tools and methods and this could be the way to improve capability to tackle such natural disasters. This paper describes some applications of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in identifying flood hazard zones and flood shelters and are therefore important tools for planners and decision makers. The purpose is to describe a simple and efficient methodology to accurately delineate flood inundated areas, flood-hazard areas, and suitable areas for flood shelter to minimize flood impacts.

scholarly journals Community Flood Impacts and Infrastructure: Examining National Flood Impacts Using a High Precision Assessment Tool in the United States

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3125
Author(s):  
Jeremy R. Porter ◽  
Evelyn Shu ◽  
Michael Amodeo ◽  
Ho Hsieh ◽  
Ziyan Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Flood Impacts

Changing environmental conditions are driving worsening flood events, with consequences for counties, cities, towns, and local communities. To understand individual flood risk within this changing climate, local community resiliency and infrastructure impacts must also be considered. Past research has attempted to capture this but has faced several limitations. This study provides a nation-wide model of community flooding impacts within the United States currently and in 30 years through the use of high-resolution input data (parcel-level), multi-source flood hazard information (four major flood types), multi-return period hazard information (six return periods), operational threshold integration, and future-facing projections. Impacts are quantified here as the level of flooding relative to operational thresholds. This study finds that over the next 30 years, millions of additional properties will be impacted, as aspects of risk are expected to increase for residential properties by 10%, roads by 3%, commercial properties by 7%, critical infrastructure facilities by 6%, and social infrastructure facilities by 9%. Additionally, certain counties and cities persistently display impact patterns. A high-resolution model capturing aspects of flood risk as related to community infrastructure is important for an understanding of overall community risk.

Scaling protection and restoration of natural infrastructure to reduce flood impacts and enhance resilience

Shore & Beach ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Shannon Cunniff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Flood Impacts ◽  
Flood Risk Reduction

Restoring natural infrastructure offers much promise as a means to reduce both flood hazard and exposure to complement and supplement other flood damage reduction strategies. Interest increased in flood risk reduction methods using natural and naturebased features, in part, because of increased recognition that such could provide both flood risk reduction and other benefits, such as water quality uplift, community recreational space, and fish and wildlife habitat. Recent flood disasters and the rising costs of disaster response and recovery have triggered policy shifts toward economically efficient investments that enhance greater community resilience. While natural infrastructure is becoming more widely recognized as a tactic for building community and ecological resilience to erosion and flooding, it remains underutilized. Actions to aid consideration of natural infrastructure and scale up its use are presented.

scholarly journals Hydrological and meteorological aspects of floods in the Alps: an overview

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baldassare Bacchi ◽  
Roberto Ranzi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Bavarian Alps ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Major Floods ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Models

Abstract. This introductory paper presents and summarises recent research on meteorological and hydrological aspects of floods in the Alps. The research activities were part of the international research project RAPHAEL (Runoff and Atmospheric Processes for flood HAzard forEcasting and controL) together with experiments within the Special Observing Period-SOP conducted in autumn 1999 for the Mesoscale Alpine Programme —MAP. The investigations were based on both field experiments and numerical simulations, using meteorological and hydrological models, of ten major floods that occurred in the past decade in the European Alps. The two basins investigated were the Ticino (6599 km2) at the Lago Maggiore outlet on the southern side of the Alps and the Ammer catchment (709 km2) in the Bavarian Alps. These catchments and their sub-catchments cover an appropriate range of spatial scales with which to investigate and test in an operational context the potential of both mesoscale meteorological and distributed hydrological models for flood forecasting. From the data analyses and model simulations described in this Special Issue, the major sources of uncertainties for flood forecasts in mid-size mountain basins are outlined and the accuracy flood forecasts is assessed. Keywords: floods, mountain hydrology, meteorological models, Alps

scholarly journals A Case Study of Flood Risk Evaluation Based on Emergy Theory and Cloud Model in Anyang Region, China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Zening Wu ◽  
Yuhai Cui ◽  
Yuan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Flood Risk Assessment ◽  
Emergy Theory

With the progression of climate change, the intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall have increased in many parts of the world, while the continuous acceleration of urbanization has made cities more vulnerable to floods. In order to effectively estimate and assess the risks brought by flood disasters, this paper proposes a regional flood disaster risk assessment model combining emergy theory and the cloud model. The emergy theory can measure many kinds of hazardous factor and convert them into unified solar emergy (sej) for quantification. The cloud model can transform the uncertainty in flood risk assessment into certainty in an appropriate way, making the urban flood risk assessment more accurate and effective. In this study, the flood risk assessment model combines the advantages of the two research methods to establish a natural and social dual flood risk assessment system. Based on this, the risk assessment system of the flood hazard cloud model is established. This model was used in a flood disaster risk assessment, and the risk level was divided into five levels: very low risk, low risk, medium risk, high risk, and very high risk. Flood hazard risk results were obtained by using the entropy weight method and fuzzy transformation method. As an example for the application of this model, this paper focuses on the Anyang region which has a typical continental monsoon climate. The results show that the Anyang region has a serious flood disaster threat. Within this region, Linzhou County and Anyang County have very high levels of risk for flood disaster, while Hua County, Neihuang County, Wenfeng District and Beiguan District have high levels of risk for flood disaster. These areas are the core urban areas and the economic center of local administrative regions, with 70% of the industrial clusters being situated in these regions. Only with the coordinated development of regional flood control planning, economy, and population, and reductions in the uncertainty of existing flood control and drainage facilities can the sustainable, healthy and stable development of the region be maintained.

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