scholarly journals Assessing the impact of explosive eruptions of Fogo volcano (São Miguel, Azores) on the tourism economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 417-437
Author(s):  
Joana Medeiros ◽  
Rita Carmo ◽  
Adriano Pimentel ◽  
José Cabral Vieira ◽  
Gabriela Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Volcanic Hazards ◽  
Plinian Eruption ◽  
Explosive Eruptions ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fogo Volcano

Abstract. The Azores are an active volcanic region that offers exceptional conditions for nature-based tourism, one of the main axes of economic growth in the archipelago. A future volcanic eruption may have long-term consequences to this economic sector. Therefore, it is fundamental to assess its vulnerability to volcanic hazards in order to try to mitigate the associated risk. This study proposes a new approach to assessing the economic impact of explosive eruptions on the tourism sector. We considered two eruptive scenarios for Fogo volcano (São Miguel Island), the most probable (Volcanic Explosivity Index, VEI, 4 sub-Plinian eruption) and the worst-case (VEI 5 Plinian eruption), both producing tephra fallout and pyroclastic density currents. The results of numerical simulations were overlaid with tourism-related buildings and infrastructure of Vila Franca do Campo municipality to identify the elements at risk. The loss present value method was used to estimate the benefits generated by the accommodation units over 30 years for different economic scenarios. The assessment of the economic impact using 2018 indicators reveals that in a near-total-destruction scenario, the economic loss is approximately EUR 145 million (considering a 2 % discount rate). This approach can also be applied to other volcanic regions, geologic hazards and economic sectors.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of explosive eruptions of Fogo volcano (São Miguel, Azores) on the tourism economy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Medeiros ◽  
Rita Carmo ◽  
Adriano Pimentel ◽  
José Cabral Vieira ◽  
Gabriela Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Volcanic Hazards ◽  
Plinian Eruption ◽  
Explosive Eruptions ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Tourism Economy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fogo Volcano

Abstract. The Azores is an active volcanic region that offers exceptional conditions for nature-based tourism, one of the main axes of economic growth in this region. A future volcanic eruption in the archipelago may have long-term consequences to this economic sector. Therefore, it is fundamental to assess its vulnerability to volcanic hazards in order to try to mitigate the associated risk. This study proposes a new approach to assess the economic impact of explosive eruptions on the tourism sector. We considered two eruptive scenarios for Fogo volcano (São Miguel Island), the most probable (VEI 4 sub-Plinian eruption) and the worst-case (VEI 5 Plinian eruption), both producing tephra fallout and PDCs. The results of numerical simulations were overlaid with tourism-related buildings and infrastructure of Vila Franca do Campo municipality to identify the elements at risk. The Loss Present Value method was used to estimate the benefits generated by the accommodation units over 30 years for different economic scenarios. The assessment of the economic impact using 2018 indicators reveals that in a near total destruction scenario the economic loss is approximately 145 million euros. Such approach can also be adopted to other volcanic regions, other geologic hazards and other economic sectors.

scholarly journals Chronology and impact of the 2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption, Chile

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 5383-5452 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elissondo ◽  
V. Baumann ◽  
C. Bonadonna ◽  
M. Pistolesi ◽  
R. Cioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Regional Effects ◽  
Volcanic Processes ◽  
Impact Data ◽  
Road Closure ◽  
Precursory Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Clear Relation

Abstract. We present a detailed chronological reconstruction of the 2011 eruption of Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcano (Chile) based on information derived from newspapers, scientific reports and satellite images. Chronology of associated volcanic processes and their local and regional effects (i.e. precursory activity, tephra fallout, lahars, pyroclastic density currents, lava flows) are also presented. The eruption had a severe impact on the ecosystem and on various economic sectors, including aviation, tourism, agriculture, and fishing industry. Urban areas and critical infrastructures, such as airports, hospitals and roads, were also impacted. The concentration of PM10 (Particulate Matter ≤ 10 μm) was measured during and after the eruption, showing that maximum safety threshold levels of daily and annual exposures were surpassed in several occasions. Probabilistic analysis of atmospheric and eruptive conditions have shown that the main direction of dispersal is directly towards east of the volcano and that the climactic phase of the eruption, dispersed toward south-east, has a probability of occurrence within 1 %. The management of the crisis, including evacuation of people, is discussed, as well as the comparison with the impact associated with other recent eruptions located in similar areas and having similar characteristics (i.e. Quizapu, Hudson, and Chaitén volcanoes). This comparison shows that the regions downwind and very close to the erupting volcanoes suffered very similar problems, without a clear relation with the intensity of the eruption (e.g. health problems, damage to vegetation, death of animals, roof collapse, air traffic disruptions, road closure, lahars and flooding). This suggests that a detailed collection of impact data can be largely beneficial for the development of plans for the management of an eruptive crisis and the mitigation of associated risk of the Andean region.

scholarly journals The Economic Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on the Agriculture Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Dwia Aries Tina Pulubuhu ◽  
Andi Alimuddin Unde ◽  
Suwandi Sumartias ◽  
Sudarmo Sudarmo ◽  
Seniwati Seniwati
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia began to be confirmed in early February 2020, it affects many various economic sectors, including agriculture. The COVID-19 created challenges for socio-economic issues. This short note focuses on the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the agricultural sector. The COVID-19 outbreak had a wide-ranging impact, so that agricultural commodities continued to decline. The government's call to not leave the house resulted in many farmers not doing their activities so that it has an impact on declining farmers' income. The field officers also could not optimally carry out their work as a result the development of farming was not optimal. Various efforts have been made by the government to support the agricultural sector such as building e-marketing and training in processing yields for farmers.

Evaluation of the economic impact of electricity prices change (Azerbaijan case)

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Fariz Mammadov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Equilibrium Price ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Electricity Tariff

This paper has examined the impact of electricity tariff changes to other economic sectors, as well as to potential changes of price levels in the overall economy. In this regard, the authors have applied the Inter-Industry Balance Model and its modification, i.e. Equilibrium Price Multiplier Model. The authors have also empirically built the inter-industry balance and equilibrium price models for the case of Azerbaijan’s economy, and conducted analysis and assessments for this case. The inter-industry balance tables of production and distribution of products and services, officially published by the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan, were taken as the primary database for this study. It should be noted that the inter-industry balance model for Azerbaijan was built based on 96 sectors of the economy. The model was used to assess the economic impact of electricity price changes in the national economy. Finally, simulations relevant to 10, 20 and 30 percent increase of electricity prices were conducted and potential impacts to Azerbaijan’s economy were assessed. The obtained results were analyzed and summarized.

scholarly journals Understanding review of economic loss due to government policy respond to the COVID-19 disruption in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sholahuddin ◽  
Sardjana Orba Manullang ◽  
Dyana Sari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact

The emergence of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic followed by its aftermath has left a disaster for various lives and business activities. The impact of COVID-19 on the economy is a consequence of the national policies of each country in reducing the number of suspected victims of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper aimed to understand the scenario of economic disruption in Indonesia due to a pandemic, which includes various economic sectors, including the weakening of the money cycle, increasing unemployment, supply of goods, changes in consumer behavior, scarcity, economic growth, and policies, stability. In collecting data, this study first mapped the theoretical impact of the national economy from the emergence of a pandemic. Next, we reviewed other evidence relevant to mapping to understand the causes and how economic impacts occur. Finally, we get an understanding of how economic disruption is, the impact of COVID-19 and an explanation of the disruption caused by government policies to combat the spread of COVID-19. These findings are scientifically valid and reliable because they have answered research questions in accordance with the plan of this study.

scholarly journals Chronology and impact of the 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption, Chile

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Elissondo ◽  
Valérie Baumann ◽  
Costanza Bonadonna ◽  
Marco Pistolesi ◽  
Raffaello Cioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Regional Effects ◽  
Volcanic Processes ◽  
Impact Data ◽  
Road Closure ◽  
Precursory Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Clear Relation

Abstract. We present a detailed chronological reconstruction of the 2011 eruption of the Cordón Caulle volcano (Chile) based on information derived from newspapers, scientific reports and satellite images. Chronology of associated volcanic processes and their local and regional effects (i.e. precursory activity, tephra fallout, lahars, pyroclastic density currents, lava flows) are also presented. The eruption had a severe impact on the ecosystem and on various economic sectors, including aviation, tourism, agriculture and fishing industry. Urban areas and critical infrastructures, such as airports, hospitals and roads, were also impacted. The concentration of PM10 (particulate matter  ≤  10 µm) was measured during and after the eruption, showing that maximum safety threshold levels of daily and annual exposures were surpassed in several occasions. Probabilistic analyses suggest that this combination of atmospheric and eruptive conditions has a probability of occurrence of about 1 %. The management of the crisis, including evacuation of people, is discussed, as well as the comparison with the impact associated with other recent eruptions located in similar areas and having similar characteristics (i.e. Quizapu, Hudson and Chaitén volcanoes). This comparison shows that the regions downwind and very close to the erupting volcanoes suffered very similar problems, without a clear relation to the intensity of the eruption (e.g. health problems, damage to vegetation, death of animals, roof collapse, air traffic disruptions, road closure, lahars and flooding). This suggests that a detailed collection of impact data can be largely beneficial for the development of plans for the management of an eruptive crisis and the mitigation of associated risk of the Andean region.

scholarly journals Reassessment of the potential economic impact of cattle parasites in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laerte Grisi ◽  
Romário Cerqueira Leite ◽  
João Ricardo de Souza Martins ◽  
Antonio Thadeu Medeiros de Barros ◽  
Renato Andreotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Horn Fly ◽  
The Impact

The profitability of livestock activities can be diminished significantly by the effects of parasites. Economic losses caused by cattle parasites in Brazil were estimated on an annual basis, considering the total number of animals at risk and the potential detrimental effects of parasitism on cattle productivity. Estimates in U.S. dollars (USD) were based on reported yield losses among untreated animals and reflected some of the effects of parasitic diseases. Relevant parasites that affect cattle productivity in Brazil, and their economic impact in USD billions include: gastrointestinal nematodes - $7.11; cattle tick (Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) microplus) - $3.24; horn fly (Haematobia irritans) - $2.56; cattle grub (Dermatobia hominis) - $0.38; New World screwworm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - $0.34; and stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) - $0.34. The combined annual economic loss due to internal and external parasites of cattle in Brazil considered here was estimated to be at least USD 13.96 billion. These findings are discussed in the context of methodologies and research that are required in order to improve the accuracy of these economic impact assessments. This information needs to be taken into consideration when developing sustainable policies for mitigating the impact of parasitism on the profitability of Brazilian cattle producers.

The Impact of a Potential Public/Private Initiative on a Defined Region of the South Suburban Chicago Metropolitan Area

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-32
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Market Area ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The university is considered one of the engines of growth in a local economy or its market area, since its direct contributions consist of 1) employment of faculty and staff, 2) services to students, and supply chain links vendors, all of which define the University’s Market area. Indirect contributions consist of those agents associated with the university in terms of community and civic events. Each of these activities represent economic benefits to their host communities and can be classified as the economic impact a university has on its local economy and whose spatial market area includes each of the above agents. In addition are the critical links to the University, which can be considered part of its Demand and Supply chain. This paper contributes to the field of Public/Private Impact Analysis, which is used to substantiate the social and economic benefits of cooperating for economic resources. We use Census data on Output of Goods and Services, Labor Income on Salaries, Wages and Benefits, Indirect State and Local Taxes, Property Tax Revenue, Population, and Inter-Industry to measure economic impact (Implan, 2016).

Impact of Tourist Arrivals on Revenue Generation In Jammu and Kashmir

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
Rayees Ahmad Wani ◽  
Dr. Ishrat Khan ◽  
Maqsoodah Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Revenue Generation ◽  
Policy Perspective ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
State Present ◽  
The Impact

The present study examined the impact of tourist arrivals on revenue generation. The results revealed that tourist arrivals accounts 51 per cent variation in revenue generation. Jammu and Kashmir State has a tremendous potential to become a major global tourist destination. Importance of tourism in J&K economy is known for decades now and its role in economic development has been an area of great interest from policy perspective. The tourism is being the key contributor in the economic development of J&K state. To understand the economic impact of tourism in the J&K state, present paper uses secondary sources of data and tries to examine the economic development such as tourist inflow, revenue generation.

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