scholarly journals General calibration methodology for a combined Horton-SCS infiltration scheme in flash flood modeling

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1317-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gabellani ◽  
F. Silvestro ◽  
R. Rudari ◽  
G. Boni
Keyword(s):  
Flash Flood ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
Continuous Description ◽  
Scs Cn

Abstract. Flood forecasting undergoes a constant evolution, becoming more and more demanding about the models used for hydrologic simulations. The advantages of developing distributed or semi-distributed models have currently been made clear. Now the importance of using continuous distributed modeling emerges. A proper schematization of the infiltration process is vital to these types of models. Many popular infiltration schemes, reliable and easy to implement, are too simplistic for the development of continuous hydrologic models. On the other hand, the unavailability of detailed and descriptive information on soil properties often limits the implementation of complete infiltration schemes. In this work, a combination between the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number method (SCS-CN) and a method derived from Horton equation is proposed in order to overcome the inherent limits of the two schemes. The SCS-CN method is easily applicable on large areas, but has structural limitations. The Horton-like methods present parameters that, though measurable to a point, are difficult to achieve a reliable estimate at catchment scale. The objective of this work is to overcome these limits by proposing a calibration procedure which maintains the large applicability of the SCS-CN method as well as the continuous description of the infiltration process given by the Horton's equation suitably modified. The estimation of the parameters of the modified Horton method is carried out using a formal analogy with the SCS-CN method under specific conditions. Some applications, at catchment scale within a distributed model, are presented.

Distributed Modeling Of Building Systems Through Cyber-Physical Integration

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Keyword(s):  
Data Structure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Distributed Modeling ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Building Systems ◽  
Important Practical Application

This article describes the proposed approaches to creating distributed models that can, with given accuracy under given restrictions, replace classical physical models for construction objects. The ability to implement the proposed approaches is a consequence of the cyber-physical integration of building systems. The principles of forming the data structure of designed objects and distributed models, which make it possible to uniquely identify the elements and increase the level of detail of such a model, are presented. The data structure diagram of distributed modeling includes, among other things, the level of formation and transmission of signals about physical processes inside cyber-physical building systems. An enlarged algorithm for creating the structure of the distributed model which describes the process of developing a data structure, formalizing requirements for the parameters of a design object and its operating modes (including normal operating conditions and extreme conditions, including natural disasters) and selecting objects for a complete group that provides distributed modeling is presented. The article formulates the main approaches to the implementation of an important practical application of the cyber-physical integration of building systems - the possibility of forming distributed physical models of designed construction objects and the directions of further research are outlined.

scholarly journals Integrating GIS-Based MCDA Techniques and the SCS-CN Method for Identifying Potential Zones for Rainwater Harvesting in a Semi-Arid Area

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Hussein Al-Ghobari ◽  
Ahmed Z. Dewidar
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Thematic Layers ◽  
Scs Cn

An increasing scarcity of water, as well as rapid global climate change, requires more effective water conservation alternatives. One promising alternative is rainwater harvesting (RWH). Nevertheless, the evaluation of RWH potential together with the selection of appropriate sites for RWH structures is significantly difficult for the water managers. This study deals with this difficulty by identifying RWH potential areas and sites for RWH structures utilizing geospatial and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques. The conventional data and remote sensing data were employed to set up needed thematic layers using ArcGIS software. The soil conservation service curve number (SCS-CN) method was used to determine surface runoff, centered on which yearly runoff potential map was produced in the ArcGIS environment. Thematic layers such as drainage density, slope, land use/cover, and runoff were allotted appropriate weights to produced RWH potential areas and zones appropriate for RWH structures maps of the study location. Results analysis revealed that the outcomes of the spatial allocation of yearly surface runoff depth ranging from 83 to 295 mm. Moreover, RWH potential areas results showed that the study areas can be categorized into three RWH potential areas: (a) low suitability, (b) medium suitability, and (c) high suitability. Nearly 40% of the watershed zone falls within medium and high suitability RWH potential areas. It is deduced that the integrated MCDA and geospatial techniques provide a valuable and formidable resource for the strategizing of RWH within the study zones.

scholarly journals Flash flood modeling with the MARINE hydrological distributed model

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 3397-3438 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Estupina-Borrell ◽  
D. Dartus ◽  
R. Ababou
Keyword(s):  
Flash Flood ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Flood Modeling

scholarly journals Characterizing and reducing equifinality by constraining a distributed catchment model with regional signatures, local observations, and process understanding

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 3325-3352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Kelleher ◽  
Brian McGlynn ◽  
Thorsten Wagener
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Hierarchical Approach ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Distributed Modeling ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Behavioral Parameter

Abstract. Distributed catchment models are widely used tools for predicting hydrologic behavior. While distributed models require many parameters to describe a system, they are expected to simulate behavior that is more consistent with observed processes. However, obtaining a single set of acceptable parameters can be problematic, as parameter equifinality often results in several behavioral sets that fit observations (typically streamflow). In this study, we investigate the extent to which equifinality impacts a typical distributed modeling application. We outline a hierarchical approach to reduce the number of behavioral sets based on regional, observation-driven, and expert-knowledge-based constraints. For our application, we explore how each of these constraint classes reduced the number of behavioral parameter sets and altered distributions of spatiotemporal simulations, simulating a well-studied headwater catchment, Stringer Creek, Montana, using the distributed hydrology–soil–vegetation model (DHSVM). As a demonstrative exercise, we investigated model performance across 10 000 parameter sets. Constraints on regional signatures, the hydrograph, and two internal measurements of snow water equivalent time series reduced the number of behavioral parameter sets but still left a small number with similar goodness of fit. This subset was ultimately further reduced by incorporating pattern expectations of groundwater table depth across the catchment. Our results suggest that utilizing a hierarchical approach based on regional datasets, observations, and expert knowledge to identify behavioral parameter sets can reduce equifinality and bolster more careful application and simulation of spatiotemporal processes via distributed modeling at the catchment scale.

Validation of 1D Model of the Systemic Arterial Tree Including the Cerebral Circulation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Reymond ◽  
Fabrice Merenda ◽  
Fabienne Perren ◽  
Daniel Rüfenacht ◽  
Nikos Stergiopulos
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Heart Model ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
1D Model ◽  
Systemic Arterial Tree

The aim of this study is to develop a distributed model of the entire systemic arterial tree, coupled to a heart model and including a detailed description of the cerebral arteries. Distributed models of the arterial tree have been studied extensively in the past (Avolio [1], Stergiopulos et al [2], Westerhof et al [3]), however, no model has been developed so far that offers a physiologically relevant coupling to the heart and includes the entire cerebral arterial tree.

One Dimensional Model of the Systemic Arterial Tree Including Cerebral Circulation

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Reymond ◽  
Fabrice Merenda ◽  
Fabienne Perren ◽  
Daniel Rüfenacht ◽  
Nikos Stergiopulos
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Heart Model ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Systemic Arterial Tree

The aim of this study is to develop a distributed model of the entire systemic arterial tree, coupled to a heart model and including a detailed description of the cerebral arteries. Distributed models of the arterial tree have been studied extensively in the past (Avolio [1]; Cassot et al [2]; Meister [3]; Schaaf and Abbrecht [4]; Stergiopulos et al [5]; Westerhof et al [6]; Zagzoule and Marc-Vergnes [7]), however, no model has been developed so far that offers a physiologically relevant coupling to the heart and includes the entire cerebral artery network.

A New Method for Coupling Transient Network Models and Stationary Finite-Element Models

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Ziske ◽  
Holger Neubert
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Iteration Step ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Transient Model ◽  
Specific Element ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
Grid Points

In many cases, the accuracy of transient multi-domain network models can be improved by coupling to distributed models, e.g. finite-element (FE) models, which compute for specific element parameters, flow or potential variables of the network model. Two opposing methods are known. The first is direct simulator coupling. It requires solving of the distributed model in each iteration step of the network model simulation. The second is the uncoupled calculation of characteristic maps from stationary distributed models which are then used in the transient model in form of look-up tables. Since the course of the base parameters of the characteristic maps is unknown before the transient simulation runs the stationary distributed model has to be solved for all grid points of the spanned parameter space. Both methods lead to an inefficient high number of necessary calculations of the distributed model which usually determines the computing costs. We present a new approach which significantly reduces the number of necessary computations. The main idea is combining both methods and successively computing grid points of the characteristic maps depending on the current need while solving the transient model. This is demonstrated for the example of an electromagnetic actuator. In the presented example, the number of FE model calculations was reduced to a tenth.

scholarly journals Improved SMA-based SCS-CN method incorporating storm duration for runoff prediction on the Loess Plateau, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-455
Author(s):  
Wenhai Shi ◽  
Ni Wang
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Accounting ◽  
Antecedent Moisture ◽  
Storm Duration ◽  
Service Curve ◽  
Scs Cn ◽  
Runoff Events

Abstract In the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method for estimating runoff, three antecedent moisture condition (AMC) levels produce a discrete relation between the curve number (CN) and soil water content, which results in corresponding sudden jumps in estimated runoff. An improved soil moisture accounting (SMA)-based SCS-CN method that incorporates a continuous function for the AMC was developed to obviate sudden jumps in estimated runoff. However, this method ignores the effect of storm duration on surface runoff, yet this is an important component of rainfall-runoff processes. In this study, the SMA-based method for runoff estimation was modified by incorporating storm duration and a revised SMA procedure. Then, the performance of the proposed method was compared to both the original SCS-CN and SMA-based methods by applying them in three experimental watersheds located on the Loess Plateau, China. The results indicate that the SCS-CN method underestimates large runoff events and overestimates small runoff events, yielding an efficiency of 0.626 in calibration and 0.051 in validation; the SMA-based method has improved runoff estimation in both calibration (efficiency = 0.702) and validation (efficiency = 0.481). However, the proposed method performed significantly better than both, yielding model efficiencies of 0.810 and 0.779 in calibration and validation, respectively.

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