scholarly journals Historic tsunami in Britain since AD 1000: a review

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Haslett ◽  
E. A. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Far Field ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historic Records ◽  
Shallow Earthquakes ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Debris Impact ◽  
British Coast ◽  
Recent Government ◽  
Low Magnitude

Abstract. The British coast is not considered at particular risk from tsunami, a view that is supported by a number of recent government reports. However, these reports largely ignore some written historic records that suggest southern Britain has experienced a number of events over the past 1000 yrs. This study briefly assesses these records and recognises four groups of events: 1) sea disturbance and coastal floods in southeast England linked to earthquakes in the Dover Straits (e.g. 1382 and 1580), 2) far-field tsunami reaching the coast of the British Isles, for example, from earthquakes along the Azores-Gibraltar Fault Zone offshore Portugal (e.g. 1755), 3) tsunami associated with near-coastal low magnitude earthquakes (e.g. 1884 and 1892), and 4) a flood event in AD 1014 that has been linked to comet debris impact. The seismogenic events range from minor water disturbance, through seismic seiching, to small and "giant" waves, suggesting near-coastal, low-magnitude, shallow earthquakes may be capable of triggering disturbance in relatively shallow water, as supported by similar occurrences elsewhere, and that the British tsunami risk requires a more careful evaluation.

A ~1000-year 13C Suess correction model for the study of past ecosystems

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Dombrosky
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Suess Effect ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historic Records ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Past 1000 Years ◽  
Historical Samples

Inferences about how an ecosystem has changed through time often rely on longitudinal records of species characteristics or niche parameters, and stable isotope analysis is a common tool employed to study changes in an organism’s niche. One of the most frequently used stable isotope measures is δ13C, a ratio of 13C to 12C. However, applying δ13C to historical samples comes with some methodological hurdles. One such hurdle is correcting for the 13C Suess effect or the change in atmospheric δ13C due to increased anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The change in the amount of carbon isotopes in the atmosphere through time can confound the study of historical shifts in species characteristics. No standard way of correcting for the 13C Suess effect has been suggested despite this problem. Here, I propose a standard 13C Suess correction model for the past ~1000 years using three prehistoric/historic records of atmospheric δ13C.

scholarly journals Revision of the tsunami catalogue affecting Turkish coasts and surrounding regions

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Altinok ◽  
B. Alpar ◽  
N. Özer ◽  
H. Aykurt
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Index ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Data Format ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
European Projects ◽  
General Architecture ◽  
The Eu

Abstract. The coasts of Turkey have been hit by tsunamis in the past. The first national earthquake-tsunami catalogues were compiled in the early 1980s while the most up-to-date tsunami catalogues are mainly the products of recent European projects. The EU projects GITEC and GITEC-TWO (Genesis and Impact of Tsunamis on the European Coasts) and TRANSFER (Tsunami Risk ANd Strategies For the European Region) have added important contributions in establishing and developing unified criteria for tsunami parameterisation, standards for the quality of the data, the data format and the database general architecture. On the basis of these new aspects and based on recent marine geophysical data, tsunamigenic earthquakes, tsunami intensities and their reliability have been revised. The current version of the database contains 134 events, most of which have affected the Turkish coasts seriously during the last 3500 years. The reliability index of 76 events was "probable" and "definite", so that they could be used for assessment of the risk along the Turkish coastal region and for implementation of prevention policies.

scholarly journals Optical and Infrared Helical Metamaterials

Nanophotonics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Kaschke ◽  
Martin Wegener
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Optical Performance ◽  
Chiral Metamaterials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Optical Effects ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Microfabrication Techniques

AbstractBy tailoring metamaterials with chiral unit cells, giant optical activity and strong circular dichroism have been achieved successfully over the past decade. Metamaterials based on arrays of metal helices have revolutionized the field of chiral metamaterials, because of their capability of exhibiting these pronounced chiro-optical effects over previously unmatched bandwidths. More recently, a large number of new metamaterial designs based on metal helices have been introduced with either optimized optical performance or other chiro-optical properties for novel applications.The fabrication of helical metamaterials is, however, challenging and even more so with growing complexity of the metamaterial designs. As conventional two-dimensional nanofabrication methods, for example, electron-beam lithography, are not well suited for helical metamaterials, the development of novel three-dimensional fabrication approaches has been triggered.Here, we will discuss the theory for helical metamaterials and the principle of operation. We also review advancements in helical metamaterial design and their limitations and influence on optical performance. Furthermore, we will compare novel nano- and microfabrication techniques that have successfully yielded metallic helical metamaterials. Finally, we also discuss recently presented applications of helical metamaterials extending beyond the use of far-field circular polarizers.

Near-field plasmon-resonance scanning microscopy

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
Sheldon Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Lateral Size ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Near Field Optics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plane Light ◽  
Sub Wavelength

In the past few years the field of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) has developed rapidly with applications spanning all the physical sciences. A key goal of this form of microscopy is to obtain resolution at levels well beyond those possible with the usual far-field optics. In contrast to far-field optics, which is bounded by the well known limits imposed by diffraction, near-field optics has no "in principle" fundamental lower limit in lateral size, at least down to atomic dimensions, although in practice, signal-to-noise considerations may restrict the application of NSOM to a few nanometers.The simplest form of NSOM to visualize is based on the principle of a sub-wavelength aperture (with D/λ < < 1) in an opaque plane. Light impinging on this aperture may only be transmitted through the diameter D, and, indeed, were it observed in the far-field, would be spread out over the entire half space due to diffraction. However, if the sample to be studied is placed in the near-field of the aperture, say within a distance D away, the region illuminated will also be restricted to a lateral dimension very close to D.

Cutting Activity on West Virginia Timberlands

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Birch ◽  
David A. Gansner ◽  
Stanford L. Arner ◽  
Richard H. Widmann
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Opportunity ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Recent Government ◽  
Woodland Owners

Abstract A recently completed forest inventory and woodland owner survey have given us insight into contemporary cutting activities in West Virginia. About one-third of the private woodland owners have harvested timber from their holdings at some time in the past and they control two-thirds of the private timberland. Although timber harvesting has increased in recent years, it remains a concentrated activity. Remeasured plot data show that only 24% of the timberland had cutting disturbance between the last two inventories. Four-fifths of the cutting took place on one-tenth of the timberland. The timber resource is ripe for more cutting, landowner attitudes have changed to favor increased harvesting, and recent government initiatives support a climate for timber development. There is no denying that physical supplies of timber and landowner intentions reveal a potential opportunity for significant expansion in wood use. North. J. Appl. For. 9(4):146-148.

scholarly journals Near-Field Plasmon-Resonance Scanning Microscopy

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Sheldon Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Lateral Size ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Near Field Optics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scanning Optical Microscopy ◽  
Near Field Scanning

In the past few years the field of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) has developed rapidly with applications spanning all the physical sciences. A key goal of this form of microscopy is to obtain resolution at levels well beyond those possible with the usual far-field optics. In contrast to far-field optics, which is bounded by the well known limits imposed by diffraction, near-field optics has no “in principle” fundamental lower limit in lateral size, at least down to atomic dimensions, although in practice, signal-to-noise considerations may restrict the application of NSOM to a few nanometers.

scholarly journals Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Sarah Beshay ◽  
Ashrith Guha ◽  
Sandeep Sahay
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Clinical Classification ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Expert Center ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare heterogenous disease characterized by elevated blood pressure in the lungs. Patients with PH require careful evaluation and management at an expert center. Understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of PH has increased over the past two decades, and several treatment options for pulmonary arterial hypertension have emerged. Despite this progress, PH continues to carry high morbidity and mortality. The 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension that occurred in late 2018 modified the clinical classification of PH into five groups. In this review, we focus on the evaluation and diagnosis of PH and discuss the updated clinical classification.

scholarly journals Taiwan's dissidents

1980 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Katherine Lee
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Political Dissent ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Recent Government

The arrests and trials last spring of publishers, writers and others following the ‘Kaohsiung Incident’ on Human Rights Day, 10 December 1979, have focused international attention on human rights in the ‘other’ Republic of China – the island nation of Taiwan. The recent government crackdown ended a period of intense dissident activity, but in fact the past 30 years in Taiwan have seen several cycles where growing political debate was followed by repression, although in general there has been an easing of government harshness over the years. This article looks at the evolution of political dissent and official responses to it in Taiwan – particularly as these have affected writers and intellectuals.

scholarly journals A new global ice sheet reconstruction for the past 80 000 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan J. Gowan ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Sara Khosravi ◽  
Alessio Rovere ◽  
Paolo Stocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Before Present ◽  
Ice Volume ◽  
The Past ◽  
Proxy Records ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

AbstractThe evolution of past global ice sheets is highly uncertain. One example is the missing ice problem during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 26 000-19 000 years before present) – an apparent 8-28 m discrepancy between far-field sea level indicators and modelled sea level from ice sheet reconstructions. In the absence of ice sheet reconstructions, researchers often use marine δ18O proxy records to infer ice volume prior to the LGM. We present a global ice sheet reconstruction for the past 80 000 years, called PaleoMIST 1.0, constructed independently of far-field sea level and δ18O proxy records. Our reconstruction is compatible with LGM far-field sea-level records without requiring extra ice volume, thus solving the missing ice problem. However, for Marine Isotope Stage 3 (57 000-29 000 years before present) - a pre-LGM period - our reconstruction does not match proxy-based sea level reconstructions, indicating the relationship between marine δ18O and sea level may be more complex than assumed.

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