scholarly journals Relation between integral effect of sub-surface temperature variation (<i>I</i>) and seismic effects

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1815-1821
Author(s):  
H. Jalal Kamali ◽  
A. A. Bidokhti ◽  
H. Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Integral Effect ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
One Year ◽  
Recent Earthquakes ◽  
Surface Temperature Variation

Abstract. There will be a change in the Earth's local sub-surface thermal structure before and/or after an earthquake. In this work we have introduced a new parameter (I) which relates integral effect of temperature variation and seismic activity. This parameter in its various forms integrates the temperature variations during one year before and after earthquake. Some recent earthquakes are chosen throughout Iran on Alps-Himalayas fault zone with magnitudes 4.5 and more. Subsurface temperatures up to one meter depth measured in nearby weather stations are used as there is no deeper data available. We found the new defined parameter (I) has a direct relation with earthquakes magnitude (M) and reverse relation with distance (d) between earthquake focus and station in which temperature is measured. Suitable formulas for these relations are suggested regarding the magnitude ranges and time period with respect to the earthquake time. There may be a way to use this new parameter as a quake precursor.

scholarly journals Opioid Use among Patients with Early Inflammatory Arthritides Compared to the General Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1285-1292
Author(s):  
Paula Muilu ◽  
Vappu Rantalaiho ◽  
Hannu Kautiainen ◽  
Lauri Juhani Virta ◽  
Kari Puolakka
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Index Date ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Undifferentiated Arthritis ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Early Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
One Year

Objective.To assess to what extent the worldwide opioid epidemic affects Finnish patients with early inflammatory arthritis (IA).Methods.From the nationwide register maintained by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland, we collected all incident adult patients with newly onset seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA+ and RA–) and undifferentiated arthritis (UA) between 2010 and 2014. For each case, 3 general population (GP) controls were matched according to age, sex, and place of residence. Drug purchases between 2009 and 2015 were evaluated 1 year before and after the index date (date of IA diagnosis), further dividing this time into 3-month periods.Results.A total of 12,115 patients (66% women) were identified. At least 1 opioid purchase was done by 23–27% of the patients 1 year before and 15–20% one year after the index date. Relative risk (RR) of opioid purchases compared to GP was highest during the last 3-month time period before the index date [RR 2.81 (95% CI 2.55–3.09), 3.06 (2.68-3.49), and 4.04 (3.51–4.65) for RA+, RA–, and UA, respectively] but decreased after the index date [RR 1.38 (1.23–1.58), 1.91 (1.63–2.24), and 2.51 (2.15–2.93)]. Up to 4% of the patients were longterm users both before and after the diagnosis.Conclusion.During 2009–15 in Finland, opioid use peaked just before the diagnosis of IA but decreased rapidly after that, suggesting effective disease control, especially in seropositive RA. Further, opioids were used to treat arthritis pain of patients with incident RA and UA less often than previously reported from other countries.

scholarly journals Investigation of changes in the physical properties of the sandy soil in geotechnical control of the road embankment

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 03026
Author(s):  
Olga Yanina ◽  
Anton Chigarev ◽  
Alexander Yanin ◽  
Peter Kalugin ◽  
Yanina Yanina
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
The Road ◽  
Climate Parameters ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Time

The aim of this work is to determine the effect of “temperature-precipitation” climate parameters on the physical properties of sandy soil of an embankment during the construction period. The object of this study is sand from a quarry and the upper layer of the road embankment before and after the climatic effect during the “autumn-winter-spring” period. The results of this study revealed changes in sand gradation, coefficient of permeability and void ratio of a sandy soil after the influence of “temperature-precipitation” climate parameters during a short time period. The results of this study can be used for geotechnical control of construction process.

Microscopic Analyze of Insoles Composite Structures Behavior under Water Immersion, Temperature Variation and Saline

2015 ◽  
Vol 760 ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Baritz ◽  
Laura Diana Cotoros ◽  
Lucia Dumitrescu
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Time Period

A number of issues related to composite structure analysis of variants of insoles, commonly used for getting comfortable wearing or improvement of posture deficiencies are presented in this research paper. In the first part of a paper some variants of biomechanical system consisting of composite structures - namely foot and insoles variants undergo analysis are presented and analyzed. This study aims to determine how these insoles react to the effect of temperature and humidity parameters during different time period. In the second part of the paper the experimental system and how to choose the group of samples analyzed are presented. The results and conclusions obtained from this study and the establishing the structural changes, evidenced by microscopic analysis are analyzed in the final part of the paper.

The impact of Regulation (EC) 767/2009 on the practice of feed advertising in Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kavanagh ◽  
K. Pentieva ◽  
J. Kennedy ◽  
C. A. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Feed Material ◽  
Feed Industry ◽  
Information Cues ◽  
Market Competitiveness ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

SummaryA drive to promote European feed market competitiveness saw the introduction of Regulation (EC) 767/2009 which addresses the placing on the market and use of feed within the European Community. The aim of this study was to determine if the feed industry has changed their advertising practice since the introduction of the Regulation, particularly in reference to Article 13 which sets out the requirements for the use of claims on animal feed. A content analysis of feed material advertisements in nine major EU based feed industry journals, representing all major animal production species, was conducted (n = 822). Relevant advertisements incorporating a time period of one year before and after the enforcement of the Regulation were included. Advertisements were assessed for the level of information provided and the use of claims. The study indicated that there has been a decrease in the provision of information cues on feed advertisements since the Regulation came into being (from 2.5 cues to 1.7 (SEM = 0.56, p < 0.001)). Furthermore, the appearance of certain claims also showed reductions in frequency (reduction in claims relating to improvements in the environmental (χ2 = 4.7, p < 0.05), the nutritional needs of the animal (χ2 = 9.7, p < 0.01) and the effect on the performance of the animal (χ2 = 4.2, p < 0.05)). It is possible that despite the intention to inspire innovation in the food industry, the Regulation may be motivating a more cautious approach to the advertising of feedingstuffs in Europe.

THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE VARIATION ON RESISTANCE VALUE IN ELECTRICITY CIRCUITS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ridwan Yusuf Lubis ◽  
Lailatul Husna Lubis ◽  
Miftahul Husnah
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Resistance Value

scholarly journals Improved dynamics of sharing research findings in the COVID-19 epidemic compared with the SARS and Ebola epidemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Khanali ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Malekpour ◽  
Ali-Asghar Kolahi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Data ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Value Of Time ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Major Outbreak ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Emergent Pathogen ◽  
Planning Strategies

Abstract Background When a new or re-emergent pathogen, such as SARS-CoV-2, causes a major outbreak, rapid access to pertinent research findings is crucial for planning strategies and decision making. We researched whether the speed of sharing research results in the COVID-19 epidemic was higher than the SARS and Ebola epidemics. We also researched whether there is any difference in the most frequent topics investigated before and after the COVID-19, SARS, and Ebola epidemics started. Methods We used PubMed database search tools to determine the time-period it took for the number of articles to rise after the epidemics started and the most frequent topics assigned to the articles. Results The main results were, first, the rise in the number of articles occurred 6 weeks after the COVID-19 epidemic started whereas, this rise occurred 4 months after the SARS and 7 months after the Ebola epidemics started. Second, etiology, statistics & numerical data, and epidemiology were the three most frequent topics investigated in the COVID-19 epidemic. However, etiology, microbiology, and genetics in the SARS epidemic, and statistics & numerical data, epidemiology, and prevention & control in the Ebola epidemic were more frequently studied compared with other topics. Third, some topics were studied more frequently after the epidemics started. Conclusions The speed of sharing results in the COVID-19 epidemic was much higher than the SARS and Ebola epidemics, and that there is a difference in the most frequent articles’ topics investigated in these three epidemics. Due to the value of time in controlling epidemics spread, the study highlights the necessity of defining more solutions for rapidly providing pertinent research findings in fighting against the next public health emergency.

scholarly journals Real-World Experience of the One-Year Efficacy of Rifaximin Add-On to Lactulose Is Superior to Lactulose Alone in Patients with Cirrhosis Complicated with Recurrent Hepatic Encephalopathy in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Ching Chang ◽  
Chien-Hao Huang ◽  
Hsiao-Jung Tseng ◽  
Fang-Chen Yang ◽  
Rong-Nan Chien
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Serum Ammonia

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a neuropsychiatric complication of decompensated cirrhosis, is associated with high mortality and high risk of recurrence. Rifaximin add-on to lactulose for 3 to 6 months is recommended for the prevention of recurrent episodes of HE after the second episode. However, whether the combination for more than 6 months is superior to lactulose alone in the maintenance of HE remission is less evident. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the one-year efficacy of rifaximin add-on to lactulose for the maintenance of HE remission in Taiwan. Methods: We conducted a real-world single-center retrospective cohort study to compare the long-term efficacy of rifaximin add-on to lactulose (group R + L) versus lactulose alone (group L, control group). Furthermore, the treatment efficacy before and after rifaximin add-on to lactulose was also analyzed. The primary endpoint of our study was time to first HE recurrence (Conn score ≥ 2). All patients were followed up every three months until death, and censored at one year if still alive. Results and Conclusions: 12 patients were enrolled in group R + L. Another 31 patients were stratified into group L. Sex, comorbidity, ammonia level, and ascites grade were matched while age, HE grade, and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score were adjusted in the multivariable logistic regression model. Compared with group L, significant improvement in the maintenance of HE remission and decreased episodes and days of HE-related hospitalizations were demonstrated in group R + L. The serum ammonia levels were significantly lower at the 3rd and 6th month in group 1. Concerning changes before and after rifaximin add-on in group R + L, mini-mental status examination (MMSE), episodes of hospitalization, and variceal bleeding also improved at 6 and 12 months. Days of hospitalization, serum ammonia levels also improved at 6th month. Except for concern over price, no patients discontinued rifaximin due to adverse events or complications. The above results provide evidence for the one-year use of rifaximin add-on to lactulose in reducing HE recurrence and HE-related hospitalization for patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Trends in Craniofacial Injuries Associated with the Introduction of Electric Scooter Sharing Services

FACE ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 273250162199244
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Boudiab ◽  
Thomas D. Zaikos ◽  
Christopher Issa ◽  
Kongkrit Chaiyasate ◽  
Stephen M. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Electric Scooter ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Patterns Of Injury ◽  
Craniofacial Fractures

Electric scooters are an increasingly common and convenient mode of transportation worldwide and have effectively revolutionized the shared micromobility industry. As electric scooter sharing companies have increased in popularity there has been a concomitant increase in the frequency of all electric scooter-related injuries. The purpose of this study is to describe the most up-to-date trends in craniofacial fractures and lacerations related to electric scooter use among all age groups. We queried the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) for craniofacial fractures and lacerations related to e-scooters between 2010 and 2019. We then compared injury trends over time and between time periods before and after 2017 when electric scooter share apps revolutionized micromobility. We compared incidence of injury overall and by day of the week, patient demographics, and case severity based on clinical disposition. We identified an increase in the frequency of craniofacial lacerations and fractures in the 3 years following the introduction of electric scooter share services in 2017 (2017 and 2019), compared to the 3 years before this time (2014-2016). Young adults (18-39 years) were the age group with the greatest interval increase in craniofacial injuries. There was also an increase in number of craniofacial injuries occurring on Mondays and a decrease number occurring on Fridays in the later time period. Finally, patients who presented with electric scooter-related craniofacial injuries in this later time period showed a higher frequency of overnight observation and hospital admission for their injuries. The number of craniofacial injuries secondary to electric scooter use has increased dramatically since the introduction of share services. Craniofacial fractures and lacerations are a common reason for craniofacial or maxillofacial surgery consultation and understanding these patterns of injury will help prepare surgeons for patient care, preventative education, and public advocacy.

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