scholarly journals Genotyping of non-human primate models: perspectives and challenges for the implementation of the "three R's"

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
T. Haus ◽  
K. Prinz ◽  
B. Pauling ◽  
C. Roos
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
The One ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Human Primate

Abstract. Although non-human primates (NHPs) represent only a minor fraction of all animals used in biomedical research, there is a continuous effort to further reduce, refine and replace research with NHPs in accordance with the principles of the three R's. Most of the NHP model species are genetically highly diverse, and significant variation occurs among populations of different geographic origins, particularly in macaques. Since such differences can considerably affect the outcome of biomedical experiments, genotyping represents a promising tool to refine research approaches and to reduce the number of NHPs in biomedical research. Accordingly, the European Primate Network (EUPRIM-Net) developed an anonymous online survey to evaluate possibilities and potential hindrances for the application of genotyping in NHP research. On the one hand, our results point to the importance of genetic variation in NHPs and the need to consider the genetic background for future research approaches. On the other hand, our survey identified several hindrances and limiting factors for the application of genotyping and its incorporation in research, primate husbandry and breeding. We provide some fundamental recommendations on how to meet these challenges and how genotyping can be efficiently used to refine NHP research and to reduce the number of NHPs in biomedical research in the long term.

Physiotherapy management of patients with major chest trauma: Results from a global survey

Trauma ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heleen van Aswegen ◽  
Julie Reeve ◽  
Lisa Beach ◽  
Romy Parker ◽  
Monika Fagevik Olsèn
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Chest Trauma ◽  
Trauma Team ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Surgical Fixation ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Ventilatory Management

Aim Major chest trauma is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Management of patients with major chest trauma includes pain relief, ventilatory management, surgical fixation and early rehabilitation to improve both short- and long-term outcomes. Physiotherapy is widely considered an integral component of the multidisciplinary trauma team and aims to improve respiratory status and reduce the sequelae associated with immobility and reduced physical function. Despite this there is scarce evidence describing or investigating physiotherapy interventions and how these practices vary worldwide. The aim of this study was to ascertain the current physiotherapy management of patients having sustained major chest trauma and to investigate how such practices varied internationally. Methods A purpose designed online survey was administered to a group of experienced physiotherapists who work in the field of trauma. Results Response rate was 51% ( n = 49) and respondents represented all five continents. Respondents reported focussing on active coughing ( n = 46, 96%, r = 0.5, p = 0.98), body positioning ( n = 43, 94%, r = 0.7, p = 0.41), deep breathing exercises ( n = 44, 94%, r = 0.8, p = 0.66) and early mobilisation ( n = 47, 98%, r = 1, p = 0.64). Ambulation in hospital was reported to be common ( n = 46, 98%, r = 0.2, p = 0.99) but rehabilitation to address longer term sequelae following hospital discharge was reported to be rare ( n = 4, 8%). Conclusion This survey has highlighted those practices used by physiotherapists worldwide which aim to address the complications associated with major chest trauma. Having established global practice, the study provides a platform for future research investigating the efficacy of such interventions in improving both short- and long-term outcomes for patients following major chest injury.

scholarly journals COVID-19 vs. stakeholder engagement: the impact of coronavirus containment measures on stakeholder involvement in European energy research projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Diana Süsser ◽  
Andrzej Ceglarz ◽  
Vassilis Stavrakas ◽  
Johan Lilliestam
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Energy Research ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
The Impact

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has affected societies and economies around the world, and the scientific community is no exception. Whereas the importance of stakeholder engagement in research has grown quickly the consequences of the pandemic on this has so far not been empirically studied. In this paper, we investigate the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on European energy research, in particular the stakeholder work, during the first wave of the coronavirus in spring and summer 2020. We pose the research questions: (i) How much of a problem are the coronavirus containment measures for stakeholder engagement? (ii) How have researchers coped with the situation, and (iii) How do they evaluate alternative stakeholder activities implemented? We conducted an online survey among European energy research projects with stakeholder engagement between June and August 2020. We found that only one of six engagement activities could be implemented as planned, whereas almost half were cancelled or delayed. The most common coping strategies were changing involvement formats – mainly to webinars or online workshops – or postponement. Whereas respondents are largely satisfied with one-to-one and unidirectional online formats, such as webinars, online interviews, and online surveys, they see interactive group activities as less suitable for online engagement. Most respondents plan to continue using online formats to complement, but not to replace, physical meetings in future research. All long-term effects remain to be seen, but given the postponement of many stakeholder involvement activities, many projects may face problems at later stages of their realisation. These findings suggest that the pandemic may have catalysed a rapid introduction of specific online formats in academic stakeholder interaction processes.

scholarly journals The Influence of Lunar Phase on the Germination of Creole Corn in a Controlled Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Alessandra Vieira da Silva ◽  
Jamerson Fabio Silva Filho ◽  
Dalcimar Regina Batista Wangen ◽  
Lara Bernardes da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Brunna Rithielly Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Lunar Phase ◽  
Moon Phase ◽  
Seedling Length

Although the influence of lunar phase on plant growth and development has been disregarded by most researchers, there is still little data in the literature regarding the influence of lunar phase within a controlled environment. Objective evaluates the influence of lunar phase on the germination of creole corn and on seedling development in a controlled environment. The experimental design was completely randomized with the following treatments: four lunar phases (full, waxing, waning and new), with four replications totaling 50 seeds per treatment. The treatments started on the first day of the waxing phase and extended to the full phase within the same month, respecting the germination period (nine days) and the length of each moon phase (roughly seven days). The following parameters were evaluated: germination rate, seedling length, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots. Seedlings germinated during the waning lunar phase were longer and had greater fresh root weight and greater fresh and dry shoot weights than did seedlings germinated during the other phases. However, some limiting factors (long term experiments and in different places in the world) must be considered in future research to determine whether moon phase affects germination. Thus, longer-term, controlled, and modeled studies are needed to analyze external factors, which may influence the germination of cultivar seeds.

Introduction: Eurobonds beyond Crisis Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Eger ◽  
Hans-Bernd Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Economic Criteria

AbstractEurobonds, i.e. the mutualization of (some) of the Eurozone member states debts, remain a promising tool not as a remedy for the ongoing debt crisis but for a number of other, more long-term reasons. This introduction to the present special issue of the Review of Law and Economics lays the ground for the subsequent in-depth analyses by providing a framework comprised of, on the one hand, the most prominent proposals for Eurobonds and, on the other hand, the legal and economic criteria against which the suitability of these proposals may be judged.

scholarly journals Long term investigations of flowers and leaves on mainly non-domestica plums

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Surányi
Keyword(s):  
Shape Index ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stamen Number ◽  
Bitter Almond ◽  
Peduncle Length ◽  
The One

The author dealt with plum species representing different eco-geographic areas by their genetic adaptation and their hybrids, as European (P. domestica, P. italica, P. cerasifera), Asian (P. salicina, P. simonii, P. ussuriensis), American (P. americana, P. besseyi, P. munsoniana, P. tomentosa). The rootstocks of the trees examined were seedlings of C. 679 myrobalan with the exception of Laroda and Santa Rosa II, which were grown on three different stocks: seedlings of C. 174 myrobalan, C. 449 bitter almond and C. 471 sweet almond. The size of peduncle, length of pistil, stamen number per flower, relative stamen number (SN/PL) have been suitable for description and distinction of varieties. Similarly shape of leaves, length of petiole, length and width of blade helped the identification. The ratio of the dimensions of leaves, length of petiole and of leaf blade, also contributed to the distinction of European, Asian and American plum species, notwithstanding their relations with ecological conditions as well as historical, technical properties, pomological features, etc. Computed indicators (relative stamen number and shape-index of leaves) also have been useful data. Significant correlations have been found between colour of nectaries and mean values of variety-groups. The potential values of non-European varieties for purposes of commercial production could be forecasted from the point of view of quality, ecological, pomological as well as market value. It is important, however, to know the effect of the rootstock and growing site as well as their interaction, on the one hand, whereas the resistance or tolerance of the varieties as limiting factors, at least to the sharka (Plum pox) virus, Xanthomonas pruni, on the other hand (cf. Surányi & Erdős, 2004a and 2004b).

scholarly journals Assessment of long term interaction between the endemic seagrass P. oceanica and the exotic green alga C. cylindracea in the South Eastern coast of Spain (Murcia Region)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Bernardeau-Esteller ◽  
Rocio García-Muñoz ◽  
Lázaro Marín-Guirao ◽  
Jose Miguel Sandoval-Gil ◽  
Ruiz Juan Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Green Alga ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Leaf Canopy

The green alga Caulerpa cylindracea has rapidly spread throughout the Western Mediterranean during the last 20 years. Compared with other native benthic communities, Posidonia oceanica meadows seems to be highly resistant to the colonization by the alga. Nonetheless, it is suggested that in the long-term C. cylindracea could affect the seagrass altering its vitality, structure and functions, however little is known about the interactive effects between these two structuring species. To this end, the abundance of both macrophytes was quantified and monitored in invaded and non-invaded localities of the South Eastern coast of Spain (Murcia Region) over an 8-year period (2007-2014). Results indicate that no differences were highlighted between invaded and no invaded meadows and all the monitored meadows showed stable or progressive trends in shoot density, meadow cover and net population growth. Regardless of the depth, in all of the invaded localities C. cylindracea biomass present inside the seagrass leaf canopy was about 10 to 50–fold lower than that measured just outside the leaf canopy. In summary, our results do not support the existence of a long-term competitive interaction between the invasive alga and the native seagrass, at least in the studied meadows and at the meadow level. C. cylindracea forms huge biomass gradients associated to the seagrass meadow edges that are stable with time, which suggests the existence of highly limiting conditions for algal growth and survival under the P. oceanica leaf canopy. Future research on such limiting factors could help us to understand the invasive capacity of the alga and the factors involved in the resistance of native habitats to bioinvasions.

scholarly journals Temperament in Domestic Cats: A Review of Proximate Mechanisms, Methods of Assessment, Its Effects on Human—Cat Relationships, and One Welfare

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1516
Author(s):  
Isadora de Castro Travnik ◽  
Daiana de Souza Machado ◽  
Luana da Silva Gonçalves ◽  
Maria Camila Ceballos ◽  
Aline Cristina Sant’Anna
Keyword(s):  
Coping Styles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Proximate Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
Interindividual Variations ◽  
The One

Temperament can be defined as interindividual differences in behavior that are stable over time and in different contexts. The terms ‘personality’, ‘coping styles’, and ‘behavioral syndromes’ have also been used to describe these interindividual differences. In this review, the main aspects of cat temperament research are summarized and discussed, based on 43 original research papers published between 1986 and 2020. We aimed to present current advances in cat temperament research and identify potential gaps in knowledge, as well as opportunities for future research. Proximate mechanisms, such as genetic bases of temperament, ontogenesis and developmental factors, physiological mechanisms, and relationships with morphology, were reviewed. Methods traditionally used to assess the temperament of cats might be classified based on the duration of procedures (short- vs. long-term measures) and the nature of data recordings (coding vs. rating methods). The structure of cat temperament is frequently described using a set of behavioral dimensions, primarily based on interindividual variations in cats’ responses toward humans and conspecifics (e.g., friendliness, sociability, boldness, and aggressiveness). Finally, cats’ temperaments have implications for human–animal interactions and the one welfare concept. Temperament assessment can also contribute to practical aspects, for example, the adoption of shelter cats.

Applying a model of volunteerism to better understand the experiences of White ally activists

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-360
Author(s):  
Adam W. Fingerhut ◽  
Emma R. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Racial Justice

In the fight for equality, outgroup allies have played a critical role. Despite this, little is known about what motivates these individuals and keeps them committed long term. The current research applies Omoto and Snyder’s (1995) volunteerism model to better understand the experiences of White ally activists. White individuals ( N = 355) involved in racial justice work completed an online survey assessing antecedents (helping personality, motivations, social support), experiences (satisfaction, sense of community), and consequences (degree of involvement, well-being) of their antiracism work. Results showed a direct link between social support and degree of involvement, and an indirect link mediated by sense of community. Additionally, there was a direct link between social support and well-being, and an indirect link mediated by satisfaction. Helping personality and other-focused motives were not related to the outcomes. Implications for future research and for those working with White ally activists are discussed.

The Relationship Between Social Dysfunctioning and Psychopathology among Primary Care Attenders

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar D. Wohlfarth ◽  
Wim Van Den Brink ◽  
Johan Ormel ◽  
Maarten W. J. Koeter ◽  
Albertine J. Oldehinkel
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Primary Care Patients ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temporal Sequences

The extent of social dysfunctioning and its relationship to psychological disorders among Dutch primary care patients was examined. Social dysfunctioning in these patients was rather limited, but was more pronounced in patients with a psychological disorder than in those without. Disabilities were largely restricted to the occupational and social roles, with family role functioning and self-care relatively intact. Social dysfunctioning was moderately related to psychopathology, with higher levels of dysfunctioning in more severe and depressed cases. The extent of social dysfunctioning among patients with both anxiety and depression was similar to that of patients with a single diagnosis of depression. Depressed patients had a similar level of dysfunctioning to non-psychotic psychiatric out-patients. Analyses regarding the effects of diagnosis and severity on social dysfunctioning revealed considerable overlap between these two aspects of psychopathology. This study supports the need for a simultaneous but separate assessment of psychopathology and social dysfunctioning. However, future research should incorporate additional predictors of social dysfunctioning (e.g. personality, life events, long-term difficulties, physical disorders), and prospective studies should be conducted to clarify the temporal sequences of symptom severity, diagnosis, and comorbidity on the one hand, and social dysfunctioning on the other.

Characteristics and contributions of non-kin carers of older people: a closer look at friends and neighbours

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1442-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
TRACEY A. LAPIERRE ◽  
NORAH KEATING
Keyword(s):  
Informal Care ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Relationship Closeness ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Using Data ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACTResearch on informal care-giving has largely neglected the contributions of non-kin carers. This paper investigated the characteristics and contributions of non-kin who care for older adults with a long-term health problem, and investigated friends and neighbours as distinct categories of care providers. Using data from 324 non-kin carers in the 1996 General Social Survey of Canada, this study compared individual and relationship characteristics, care tasks and amount of care provided for the two groups. Interpersonal and socio-demographic characteristics were investigated as mediators of potential differences between friends and neighbours in patterns of care. Results demonstrate that friend and neighbour carers differed on age, marital status, geographical proximity and relationship closeness. Friends were more likely than neighbours to assist with personal care, bills and banking, and transportation. Neighbours were more likely to assist with home maintenance. Friends provided assistance with a greater number of tasks and provided more hours of care per week, suggesting a more prominent role in the care of non-kin than neighbours. Age, income, a minor child in the household, proximity and relationship closeness significantly predicted amount of care provided, and relationship closeness largely explained differences between friends and neighbours. Future research on informal care-giving can build on the findings that distinguish friend and neighbour carers to further discriminate the dynamics of non-kin care.

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