scholarly journals Impacts of experimental conditions on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity in conventional and conservation tillage practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaihua Liao ◽  
Xiaoming Lai ◽  
Qing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Conversion Period

Abstract. The saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) is a key soil hydraulic property governing agricultural production. However, the influence of conversion from conventional tillage (CT) to conservation tillage (CS) (including no tillage (NT) and reduced tillage (RT)) on Ksat of soils is not well understood and still debated. In this study, we applied a global meta-analysis method to synthesize 201 paired observations for soil Ksat from 59 published studies, and investigated factors influencing the effects of conversion to CS on Ksat. Results showed that the Ksat measured by hood infiltrometer, tension disc infiltrometer, and Guelph permeameter produced a similar pattern under CS practices, with non-significant (p > 0.05) increase of 6.6 %, 3.6 % and 4.9 %, respectively. However, conversion to CS significantly (p < 0.05) increased Ksat by 32.0 % for ring infiltrometer, while it decreased Ksat by 3.2 % for constant/falling head (p > 0.05). Soil layer, CS type and soil texture had no significant (p > 0.05) effects on the influence of conversion to CS on the Ksat, but the Ksat under CS showed a greater increase for a longer conversion period (time since conversion). In addition, mean annual temperature (MAT) was found to be an important driver controlling the response of Ksat to tillage conversion at the large scale. These findings suggested that quantifying the effects of tillage conversion on soil Ksat needed to consider experimental conditions, especially the measurement technique and conversion period.

Impact of an Exponential Profile of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity within the ISBA LSM: Simulations over the Rhône Basin

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Decharme ◽  
H. Douville ◽  
A. Boone ◽  
F. Habets ◽  
J. Noilhan
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydrological Applications

Abstract This study focuses on the influence of an exponential profile of saturated hydraulic conductivity, ksat, with soil depth on the water budget simulated by the Interaction Soil Biosphere Atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model over the French Rhône River basin. With this exponential profile, the saturated hydraulic conductivity at the surface increases by approximately a factor of 10, and its mean value increases in the root zone and decreases in the deeper region of the soil in comparison with the values given by Clapp and Hornberger. This new version of ISBA is compared to the original version in offline simulations using the Rhône-Aggregation high-resolution database. Low-resolution simulations, where all atmospheric data and surface parameters have been aggregated, are also performed to test the impact of the modified ksat profile at the typical scale of a climate model. The simulated discharges are compared to observations from a dense network consisting of 88 gauging stations. Results of the high-resolution experiments show that the exponential profile of ksat globally improves the simulated discharges and that the assumption of an increase in saturated hydraulic conductivity from the soil surface to a depth close to the rooting depth in comparison with values given by Clapp and Hornberger is reasonable. Results of the scaling experiments indicate that this parameterization is also suitable for large-scale hydrological applications. Nevertheless, low-resolution simulations with both model versions overestimate evapotranspiration (especially from the plant transpiration and the wet fraction of the canopy) to the detriment of total runoff, which emphasizes the need for implementing subgrid distribution of precipitation and land surface properties in large-scale hydrological applications.

Evaluation of soil tillage systems in maize production

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rátonyi ◽  
L. Huzsvai ◽  
J. Nagy ◽  
A. Megyes
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Direct Drilling

The cultivation technologies for the dominant crops in Hungary need to be improved both in the interests of environmental protection and to reduce cultivation costs. A long-term research project was initiated in order to determine the feasibility of conservation tillage systems. The aim of the experiments was to evaluate conservation farming systems in Hungary in order to achieve more economical and more environment-friendly agricultural land use. Four tillage systems, namely conventional tillage (mouldboard plough), conservation tillage I (primary tillage with a J.D. Disk Ripper), conservation tillage II (primary tillage with a J.D. Mulch Finisher) and no tillage (direct drilling), were compared on a clay loam meadow soil (Vertisol). The physical condition of the experimental soils was evaluated using a hand-operated static cone penetrometer. Parallel with the measurement of penetration resistance, the moisture content of the soil was also determined. The grain yield of maize hybrids (Kincs SC [1999], Occitán SC [2000], Pr 37M34 SC [2001], DeKalb 471 SC [2002]) was measured using a plot combine-harvester. The analysis of soil conditions confirmed that if the cultivation depth and intensity are reduced the compaction of soil layers close to the surface can be expected. The decrease in yields (8-33%) in direct drilling (NT) and shallow, spring cultivated (MF) treatments, despite the higher available water content, can be explained partly by the compacted status of the 15-25 cm soil layer.

scholarly journals Characterization of stony soils' hydraulic conductivity using laboratory and numerical experiments

SOIL ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eléonore Beckers ◽  
Mathieu Pichault ◽  
Wanwisa Pansak ◽  
Aurore Degré ◽  
Sarah Garré
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Determining soil hydraulic properties is of major concern in various fields of study. Although stony soils are widespread across the globe, most studies deal with gravel-free soils, so that the literature describing the impact of stones on the hydraulic conductivity of a soil is still rather scarce. Most frequently, models characterizing the saturated hydraulic conductivity of stony soils assume that the only effect of rock fragments is to reduce the volume available for water flow, and therefore they predict a decrease in hydraulic conductivity with an increasing stoniness. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of rock fragments on the saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. This was done by means of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations involving different amounts and types of coarse fragments. We compared our results with values predicted by the aforementioned predictive models. Our study suggests that it might be ill-founded to consider that stones only reduce the volume available for water flow. We pointed out several factors of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of stony soils that are not considered by these models. On the one hand, the shape and the size of inclusions may substantially affect the hydraulic conductivity. On the other hand, laboratory experiments show that an increasing stone content can counteract and even overcome the effect of a reduced volume in some cases: we observed an increase in saturated hydraulic conductivity with volume of inclusions. These differences are mainly important near to saturation. However, comparison of results from predictive models and our experiments in unsaturated conditions shows that models and data agree on a decrease in hydraulic conductivity with stone content, even though the experimental conditions did not allow testing for stone contents higher than 20 %.

Data forcing errors resulting from lack of harmonization and standardization in measurement methodologies: A comparison of soil hydrophysical data from a large EU database.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine van der Ploeg ◽  
Attila Nemes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water Retention

&lt;p&gt;Soil hydro-physical properties &amp;#8212;such as soil water retention, (un)saturated hydraulic conductivity, shrinkage and swelling, organic matter content, texture (particle distribution), structure (soil aggregation/pore structure)and bulk density&amp;#8212; are used in many sub(surface) modeling applications. Reliable soil-hydrophysical properties are key to proper predictions with such models, yet the harmonization and standardization of these properties has not received much attention. Lack of harmonization and standardization may lead to heterogeneity in data as a result of differences in methodologies, rather than real landscape heterogeneity. A need and scope has been identified to better harmonize, innovate, and standardize methodologies regarding measuring soil hydraulic properties that form the information base of many derived products in support of EU policy. With this identified need in mind the Soil Program on Hydro-Physics via International Engagement (SOPHIE) was initiated in 2017. Besides developing new activities that may advise future measurements, we also explore historic data and metadata and mine its relevant contents. The European Hydro-pedological Data Inventory (EU-HYDI), the largest European database on measured soil hydrophysical properties, is &amp;#8211; to date &amp;#8211; rather under-explored in this sense, which served as motivation for this work.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;From EU-HYDI we selected those records that were complete for soil texture, bulk density and organic matter, and fitted pedo-transfer functions separately for particular water retention points (at heads of 0, 2.5, 10, 100, 300, 1000, 3000, 15000 cm) and saturated hydraulic conductivity by multi-linear regression. We then subtracted the observed retention and hydraulic conductivity values from their estimated counterparts, and grouped the residuals by measurement methodologies. The results show that there can be significant differences between different methodologies and sample sizes used to obtain the water retention and hydraulic conductivity in the laboratory. The results thus show that the EU-data that may underlie large scale modelling may introduce errors in the forcing data that are attributed to a lack of harmonization and standardization in currently used measurement protocols.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Interpretation of ponded infiltration data using numerical experiments

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Dohnal ◽  
Tomas Vogel ◽  
Jaromir Dusek ◽  
Jana Votrubova ◽  
Miroslav Tesar
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Insertion Depth ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Soil Layering ◽  
Soil Hydraulic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Infiltration Experiment

AbstractPonded infiltration experiment is a simple test used for in-situ determination of soil hydraulic properties, particularly saturated hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity. It is known that infiltration process in natural soils is strongly affected by presence of macropores, soil layering, initial and experimental conditions etc. As a result, infiltration record encompasses a complex of mutually compensating effects that are difficult to separate from each other. Determination of sorptivity and saturated hydraulic conductivity from such infiltration data is complicated. In the present study we use numerical simulation to examine the impact of selected experimental conditions and soil profile properties on the ponded infiltration experiment results, specifically in terms of the hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity evaluation. The effect of following factors was considered: depth of ponding, ring insertion depth, initial soil water content, presence of preferential pathways, hydraulic conductivity anisotropy, soil layering, surface layer retention capacity and hydraulic conductivity, and presence of soil pipes or stones under the infiltration ring. Results were compared with a large database of infiltration curves measured at the experimental site Liz (Bohemian Forest, Czech Republic). Reasonably good agreement between simulated and observed infiltration curves was achieved by combining several of factors tested. Moreover, the ring insertion effect was recognized as one of the major causes of uncertainty in the determination of soil hydraulic parameters.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DA PEDOFORMA NA VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DE ALGUNS ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS E HÍDRICOS DE UM LATOSSOLO SOB CULTIVO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR

Irriga ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zigomar Menezes de Souza ◽  
José Marques Júnior ◽  
Gener Tadeu Pereira ◽  
Luis Fernando Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Occurrence Patterns ◽  
Very High

INFLUÊNCIA DA PEDOFORMA NA VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DE ALGUNS ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS E HÍDRICOS DE UM LATOSSOLO SOB CULTIVO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR[1]   Zigomar Menezes de Souza;  José Marques Júnior; Gener Tadeu Pereira; Luis Fernando MoreiraDepartamento de Solos e Adubos, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP,  [email protected]  1 RESUMO  O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade espacial da condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado, resistência do solo à penetração e teor de água de um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico sob cultivo de cana de açúcar, utilizando-se métodos da estatística clássica, análises geoestatística e técnicas de interpolação de dados, com a finalidade de observar padrões de ocorrência destes atributos na paisagem. Foram feitas amostragens de solo nas profundidades de 0,0-0,2 m e 0,2-0,4 m, nos pontos de cruzamento de uma malha, com intervalos regulares de 10 m, perfazendo um total de 100 pontos. Os valores do coeficiente de variação para os dados apresentaram-se desde baixos (teor de água do solo), alto (resistência do solo à penetração) e muito alto (condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado). Observou-se a ocorrência de dependência espacial de todas as variáveis estudadas, com os maiores alcances na profundidade de 0,2-0,4 m. As variáveis condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado e teor de água do solo apresentaram grau moderado de dependência espacial, a resistência à penetração teve forte grau de dependência espacial. Pequenas variações nas formas do relevo condicionam variabilidade diferenciada para atributos físicos do solo.  UNITERMOS: geoestatística, krigagem, condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado, resistência do solo à penetração.   SOUZA, Z. M. de; MARQUES JUNIOR, J.; PEREIRA, G. T.; MOREIRA, L. F. INFLUENCE OF THE LANDSCAPE IN THE SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF THE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY, PENETRATION RESISTANCE AND SOIL MOISTURE IN THE SUGAR CANE CROP  2 ABSTRACT     The objective of this work was to evaluate spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil resistance to penetration and soil moisture in an area where sugarcane was planted under conventional tillage, using classic statistical methods, geostatistical analyses and data interpolation techniques, to assess occurrence patterns of these characteristics in the landscape. Soil was sampled depths of 0.0-0.2 m and 0.2-0.4 m, collected in intersections of a regular grid, with intervals of 10 m, in a total of 100 sampling points. Variation Coefficient (VC) were low for soil moisture, high soil for penetration resistance and very high for saturated hydraulic conductivity. All variables showed spatial dependence and the largest ones for depth of 0.2-0.4 m. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil moisture presented moderate spatial dependence, soil penetration resistance showed strong spatial dependence. Small variations in the landscape forms can define different spatial variability found for the physical characteristics of the soil.  KEYWORDS: geostatistics, kriging, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil penetration resistance. 

scholarly journals Significance of Pyrolytic Temperature, Particle Size, and Application Rate of Biochar in Improving Hydro-Physical Properties of Calcareous Sandy Soil

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1293
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz G. Alghamdi ◽  
Abdulrasoul Al-Omran ◽  
Arafat Alkhasha ◽  
Zafer Alasmary ◽  
Anwar A. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Application Rates

Water management and irrigation conservation in calcareous sandy soil are of significant importance for sustaining agricultural production, especially in arid and semi-arid region that facing scarcity of water resources. The changes in hydro-physical characteristics of calcareous sand soil were investigated after date palm waste-derived biochar application in column trials. Significance of pyrolysis temperature (300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C), particle size [<0.5 mm (D0.5), 0.5–1 mm (D1), and 1–2 mm (D2)], and application rate (1%, 2.5%, and 5%) were studied. Variations in infiltration rate, intermittent evaporation, and saturated hydraulic conductivity as a function of aforementioned factors were investigated. After amending the top 10-cm soil layer with different biochar and application rates, the columns were subjected to six wetting and drying cycles by applying 25 cm3 tap water per week over a 6-week period. Overall, biochar application resulted in decreased saturated hydraulic conductivity, while improved cumulative evaporation. Specifically, biochar produced at 300 °C and 500 °C demonstrated 10.2% and 13.3% higher cumulative evaporation, respectively., whereas, biochar produced at 700 °C with 5% application rate resulted in decreased cumulative evaporation. Cumulative evaporation increased by 5.0%, 7.7% and, 7.8% for D0.5, D1 and D2 (mm) on average, respectively, as compared with the untreated soil. Thus, biochar with particle size 0.5–1 mm significantly improved hydro-physical properties when applied at 1%. Generally, using biochar produced at medium temperature and small particle size with appropriate application rates could improve the soil hydro-physical properties.

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