scholarly journals Combined application of animal manure and straw benefit soil fauna community in dryland farming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Sun ◽  
Jinggui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Manure Treatment ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Richness Index

Abstract. Addition of organic wastes such as animal manures and straw is a feasible practice to alleviate soil degradation, and the mitigation is closely related to the activities of soil-dwelling fauna. In this study, the community structure of soil fauna were compared under four treatment regimes: straw only, and straw combined with the use of chicken manure, ox manure and pig manure. A total of 12459 soil fauna were captured, belonging to 23 groups. Treatments animal manure combined with straw led to increased the number of soil fauna groups and individuals, diversity index, richness index and dominance index, while reduced the evenness index of soil fauna. Compared to the other treatments, maize straw plus chicken manure and maize straw plus pig manure treatments had the largest number of soil fauna groups. Among all the treatments, Oribatida, Astigmata, Desoria and Folsomia were the dominant species, accounting for 69.94 % of the total number of individuals. Maize straw plus pig manure treatment had the largest diversity index soil fauna community. The richness index of soil fauna community in maize straw plus chicken manure and maize straw plus pig manure treatments were higher compared to other treatments. The highest dominance index of soil fauna was recorded in maize straw plus ox manure treatment. In conclusion, our findings suggested that animal manure combined with straw, especially the application of maize straw plus pig manure was the most effective treatment for enhancing soil fauna community.

scholarly journals Decomposition Characteristics, Nutrient Release and Structural Changes of Maize Straw in Dryland Farming under Combined Application of Animal Manure

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7609
Author(s):  
Ling Sun ◽  
Zhixu Sun ◽  
Juan Hu ◽  
Opoku-Kwanowaa Yaa ◽  
Jinggui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Carbon Release

Straw and animal manure are major organic waste materials from agricultural ecosystems. Different kinds of animal manure combined with straw (AM-S) may have varying effects on the decomposition, nutrient release, and structural changes of maize straw. Using the Humic Cambisols soil as the experimental area, the straw decomposition characteristics under the co-application of animal manure were studied following the nylon net bag landfill method. The experiment involved four treatments: maize straw only (S), maize straw plus ox manure (SO), maize straw plus chicken manure (SC), and maize straw plus pig manure (SP). The treatments with AM-S accelerated the decomposition of straw and increased the release rate of nutrients and organic components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin). During the 240 days of the study, straw decomposition showed a trend of increasing rapidly in the first stages and then increasing slowly in the latter stages in all the treatments. At 240 d, the straw decomposition rates and carbon release rates of the AM-S treatments were 65.25–71.87% and 64.04–69.35%, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the order for the final release rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) was K (93.25–96.56%) > P (42.25–55.08%) > N (40.01–52.23%). Moreover, scanning electron microscopy showed that SP treatment had the highest degree of structural changes of the maize straw compared with the other treatments. The purpose of this study was to screen the effective animal manure that can promote straw decomposition and provide a reference for the rational use of straw and animal manure management. In conclusion, the study suggested that the co-application of animal manure and straw should be adopted in agricultural systems, especially SP treatment, as it was more conducive to promoting the decomposition of maize straw and the release of nutrients.

Study on Biogas Production by Dry Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Animal Manure and Straw

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Li Jun Shi ◽  
Li Tong Ban ◽  
Hui Fen Liu ◽  
Jian Chao Hao ◽  
Wei Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Dry Digestion

Dry anaerobic co-digestion of animal manure and straw was conducted to produce biogas. Startup characteristics and biogas production perform of dry digestion were studied, and the effect of operation temperature and incubation amount on dry digestion was also investigated. The study result showed that under the conditions of C/N=25-30, TS=20% and T=(36±1) °C,dry digestion can start up quickly with acclimated thickening sludge as incubation sludge. Compared to dry digestion of chicken manure and pig manure, dry digestion of cow manure proceeded steadily with high biogas yield. It is found that incubation is necessary in the process of dry digestion and biogas yield increases with more incubation amount. The appreciate incubation ratio is about 10%. Temperature change has apparent effect on biogas production, and it is suggested that mesophilic temperature should be chosen in the scaled project of dry digestion.

Ratio of C:N in culture media of silk worm, Tubifex sp.

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Jhonly Solang ◽  
Henneke Pangkey ◽  
Stenly Wullur ◽  
Sartje Lantu
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Manure Treatment ◽  
Soybean Curd ◽  
Silk Worm ◽  
Soybean Curd Residue ◽  
And Control

Title (Bahasa Indonesia): Rasio C:N pada media kultur cacing sutra, Tubifex sp. This study aimed to determine the C:N ratio on each medium for the growth of the sludge worm. This study used mud and soybean curd residue (treatment A), mud and chicken manure (treatment B), mud and pig manure (treatment C), and control (mud only) (K) as culture media of the sludge worm (Tubifex sp.). The decomposition process was proceeding for six days, and then the sludge worms were stocked with initial weight of 30 grams per container. Culture period was 21 days in running water systems. The resulting C:N ratio was 60.5 for treatment A, 45.8 for treatment B, 36 for treatment C and 35 for K. The soybean curd residue and mud medium gave the highest influence on the growth of the sludge worm, followed by pig manure and mud, chicken manure and mud, and then mud (control). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan perbandingan C:N ratio dalam media budidaya untuk pertumbuhan cacing sutra. Penelitian ini menggunakan lumpur dan ampas tahu (perlakuan A), lumpur dan kotoran ayam (perlakuan B), serta lumpur dan kotoran babi (perlakuan C) dan perlakuan K (kontrol: hanya lumpur) sebagai media kultur cacing sutra (Tubifex sp). Proses dekomposisi dilakukan selama 6 hari, kemudian dilakukan penebaran cacing sutra dengan berat awal 30 gram/wadah penelitian. Waktu pemeliharaan dilakukan selama 21 hari dalam sistem air mengalir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rasio C:N sebesar 60,55 untuk perlakuan A, 45,85 untuk perlakuan B, 36,08 untuk perlakuan C, dan 35,25 untuk K. Media yang menggunakan ampas tahu dan lumpur memberikan pengaruh tertinggi terhadap pertumbuhan cacing sutra, kemudian disusul oleh media kotoran babi dan lumpur, media kotoran ayam dan lumpur dan terendah media lumpur (kontrol).

Studies on Community Characteristics of Actinomycetes at Lakeside of Swamping Wetland in WuLiangSuHai

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3283-3286
Author(s):  
Wei Wei Cao ◽  
Ji Zhao ◽  
Yu Qin Shao ◽  
Jia Yin Lu ◽  
Jing Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Suaeda Salsa ◽  
Community Characteristics ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nitraria Tangutorum ◽  
Dominant Bacteria ◽  
Richness Index

The core of this research was to study the amount, diversity, richness, evenness and dominance of soil Actinomycetes at lakeside of swamping wetland. In this study, Amount of Actinomycetes were determined through plate counting method, which was in Phragmites australis, Suaeda salsa and Nitraria tangutorum growing soil at the upstream, midstream and downstream of Wuliangsuhai. Community structure of Actinomycetes were analyzed on the basis of it‘s diversity index (H), evenness index (J), richness index (R) and dominance index (D). The results showed that, the diversity, richness and dominance of Actinomycetes were all affected by the types of plants, and showed significant difference among them. However, there was no significant difference for evenness. What’s more, both the order of diversity and richness in different plants growing soil were: Nitraria tangutorum> Suaeda salsa >Phragmites australis. And the order of dominance was: Suaeda salsa >Phragmites australis >Nitraria tangutorum. Dominant bacteria in Phragmites australis was Flavus, accounting for 85%, dominant bacteria in Nitraria tangutorum were Albosporus and Flavus, which accounted for 54.8% and 26%, and dominant bacteria in Suaeda salsa were Albosporus,Albosporus and Flavus, accounted for 26.7%, 23.5%. As the succession from Phragmites australis swamp to Suaeda salsa Saline meadow, and then to Nitraria tangutorum desert in Wuliangsuhai, the composition and structure of Actinomycetes there are changing at the same time.

scholarly journals N2O and NO Emissions as Affected by the Continuous Combined Application of Organic and Mineral N Fertilizer to a Soil on the North China Plain

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1965
Author(s):  
Deyan Liu ◽  
Heyang Sun ◽  
Xia Liao ◽  
Jiafa Luo ◽  
Stuart Lindsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
The North ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
No Emissions

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of the continuous application of organic and mineral N fertilizer on N2O and NO emissions under maize and wheat rotation on the North China Plain. This study included eight treatments: no fertilizer (control); mineral N fertilizer (Nmin) at a rate of 200 kg N ha−1 per season; 50% mineral fertilizer N plus 50% cattle manure N (50% CM), 50% chicken manure N (50% FC) or 50% pig manure N (50% FP); 75% mineral fertilizer N plus 25% cattle manure N (25% CM), 25% chicken manure N (25% FC) or 25% pig manure N (25% FP). The annual N2O and NO emissions were 2.71 and 0.39 kg N ha−1, respectively, under the Nmin treatment, with an emission factor of 0.50% for N2O and 0.07% for NO. Compared with the Nmin treatment, N2O emissions did not differ when 50% of the mineral N was replaced with manure N (50% CM, 50% FC and 50% FP), while annual NO emissions were significantly reduced by 49.0% and 27.8% under 50% FC and 50% FP, respectively. In contrast, annual N2O emissions decreased by 21–38% compared to the Nmin treatment when 25% of the mineral N was replaced with manure N (25% CM, 25% FC and 25% FP). Most of the reduction occurred during the maize season. The 25% CM, 25% FC and 25% FP treatments had no effect on NO emissions compared to the Nmin treatment. There was no obvious difference in annual N2O and NO emissions among the organic manures at the same application rate, probably due to their similar C/N ratio. Replacing a portion of the mineral fertilizer N with organic fertilizer N did not significantly affect crop grain yield, except for the 50% FC treatment in the wheat season. Overall, the results suggest that the combined application of 25% organic manure N plus 75% mineral fertilizer N had the most potential to mitigate N2O emissions while not affecting crop yield in the maize and wheat rotation system in this area of China.

scholarly journals The Residue of Tetracycline Antibiotics in Soil and Vegetable and Its Effect On The Diversity of Soil Bacterial Community

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longshui Xu ◽  
Weizhong Wang ◽  
Weihong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Tetracycline Antibiotics ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Manure Treatment

Abstract [Background] Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) are a broad-spectrum antibiotic, widely used in livestock and poultry breeding. The residue of tetracycline antibiotics in animal manure may cause changes of soil microbial community. [Methods] On the basis of the investigation and analysis of TCs pollution in the soil of main vegetable bases and the livestock manure of major large-scale farms in Chongqing, China, the effects of tetracycline antibiotics on the structure and diversity of soil microbial community were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. [Results] The TCs content in soil was increased by applying livestock manure. The contents of TC, OTC and CTC in the soil under pig manure treatment were 171.07-660.20 μg·kg-1, 25.38-345.78 μg·kg-1 and 170.77-707.47 μg·kg-1, respectively. The contents of TC, OTC and CTC in the soil under the treatment of chicken manure were 166.62-353.61 μg·kg-1, 122.25-251.23 μg·kg-1 and 15.12-80.91 μg·kg-1 respectively. The content of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) in edible parts of Brassica juncea var. gemmifera was increased after livestock manure treatment, among which pig manure had the greatest influence on the increase of TCs content, and the larger the dosage of pig manure was, the more significant the increase of TCs content was. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chioroflexi and bacteroidetes under livestock manure treatment were the dominant phyla, accounting for 85.2%-92.4% of the total abundance of soil bacteria. [Conclusions] The soil OTUs under the treatment of pig manure was higher than that under the treatment of chicken manure. Biogas residue after fermentation treatment can effectively reduce the environmental and ecological risks caused by antibiotic residues.

The Residue of Tetracycline Antibiotics in Soil and Vegetable and Its Effect on the Diversity of Soil Bacterial Community

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longshui Xu ◽  
Weizhong Wang ◽  
Weihong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Tetracycline Antibiotics ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Manure Treatment

Abstract [Background]Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) are a broad-spectrum antibiotic, widely used in livestock and poultry breeding. The residue of tetracycline antibiotics in animal manure may cause changes of soil microbial community.[Methods]On the basis of the investigation and analysis of TCs pollution in the soil of main vegetable bases and the livestock manure of major large-scale farms in Chongqing, China, the effects of tetracycline antibiotics on the structure and diversity of soil microbial community were investigated by high-throughput sequencing.[Results]The TCs content in soil was increased by applying livestock manure. The contents of TC, OTC and CTC in the soil under pig manure treatment were 171.07-660.20 μg·kg-1, 25.38-345.78 μg·kg-1 and 170.77-707.47 μg·kg-1, respectively. The contents of TC, OTC and CTC in the soil under the treatment of chicken manure were 166.62-353.61 μg·kg-1, 122.25-251.23 μg·kg-1 and 15.12-80.91 μg·kg-1 respectively. The content of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) in edible parts of Brassica juncea var. gemmifera was increased after livestock manure treatment, among which pig manure had the greatest influence on the increase of TCs content, and the larger the dosage of pig manure was, the more significant the increase of TCs content was. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chioroflexi and bacteroidetes under livestock manure treatment were the dominant phyla, accounting for 85.2%-92.4% of the total abundance of soil bacteria.[Conclusions]The soil OTUs under the treatment of pig manure was higher than that under the treatment of chicken manure. Biogas residue after fermentation treatment can effectively reduce the environmental and ecological risks caused by antibiotic residues.

scholarly journals PERAN REFUGIA SEBAGAI MEDIA KONSERVASI ARTHROPODA DI LAHAN PADI DESA DELIKSUMBER

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Ari Wijayanti ◽  
Wiwin Windriyanti ◽  
Noni Rahmadhini
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Yellow Traps ◽  
Richness Index

Rice is basic neet for Indonesia people. East Java experienced decrease rice production 2% in 2014, the problem was insect pest. Insecticides are dangerous that replaced use refugia attracting biological agens. Purpose of the research to discover the role of refugia as conservation medium in suppressing pets attacks and increasing the diversity arthropod populations in rice fields.  This study uses a direct insect sampling method and uses traps such as sweep nets, yellow traps, pitfall traps and light traps. Identification of insects using an introduction to the study insect and iNaturalist. Analysis of the observational data quantitatively by calculating the species diversity index (H’), evenness index (E), Richness index (R) and dominance index (C) then tabulated using excel. observations indicate the number of insects found on land A (rice with refugia) was 5661 individuals consisting of 12 ordo, 61 family and 94 species. Meanwhile on land B (rice without refugia) was 3,198 individuals consisting of 11 ordo, 43 family and 56 species. Refugia affected the population of biological agens more on land A was 2707 individuals than on land B was 1215 individuals. While the pest population on land A much less as 364 individuals than on land B as 763 individuals. Tabulation from the calculation of the species diversity index as 0.142 and 0.118, the species evenness index as 0.030  and 0.025, the dominance index of 0.0004 and 0.0013 is classified as low, while the species richness index of 10.76 and 6.82 is classified as high.

Optimization of Operation Parameters of Dry Anaerobic Co-Digestion from Animal Manure and Straw in a Batch Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 884-885 ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
Li Jun Shi ◽  
Wen Lan Liu ◽  
Hui Fen Liu ◽  
Wei Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Dry Digestion

Dry anaerobic co-digestion of animal manure and straw was conducted to produce biogas. Startup characteristics and biogas production perform of dry digestion were studied, and the effect of operation temperature and incubation amount on dry digestion was also investigated. The study result showed that under the conditions of C/N=25-30, TS=20% and T=(36±1)°C,dry digestion can start up quickly with acclimated thickening sludge as incubation sludge. Compared to dry digestion of chicken manure and pig manure, dry digestion of cow manure proceeded steadily with high biogas yield. It is found that incubation is necessary in the process of dry digestion and biogas yield increases with more incubation amount. The appreciate incubation ratio is about 10%. Temperature change has apparent effect on biogas production, and it is suggested that mesophilic temperature should be chosen in the scaled project of dry digestion.

scholarly journals Dragonfly Diversity in Cibodas Botanical Garden in West Java

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Susanti Murwitaningsih ◽  
Agus Pambudi Dharma ◽  
Maryanti Setyaningsih ◽  
Yati Nurlaeni
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
West Java ◽  
Catch And Release ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Release Technique ◽  
Richness Index ◽  
Dragonfly Species

The dragonfly (Odonata) is a flying insect that plays an important role in the food chain and acts as a bioindicator of water health. This is due to its biological characteristics which include spending most of its life stages in the water and preying on smaller insects. This study is aimed to investigate the level of dragonfly diversity in Cibodas Botanical Garden, West Java. The method used in this research was direct observation using catch and release technique. The research was carried out from May to July 2018. A total of 1,510 individuals belonging to eight dragonfly species were found in the four sampling locations. These were divided into two Sub-Orders: 1) Anisoptera (Orthetrum pruinosum, Pantala flavences, Orthetrum sabina, Neurothemis fluctuans, Neurothemis terminata, and Orthetrum glaucum); and 2) Zygoptera (Ischnura senegalensis, dan Ceoliccia membranipes). The highest values of species diversity index (H') and evenness index (E) were found in Ciismun Waterfall (1,45 and 0,88, respectively). The dominance index (D) in the four sampling sites ranged between 0.25 - 0.32. The highest species richness index (R) was found in Sakura Garden (0,99).

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