Uji Cemaran Mikroba Pada Air Yang Digunakan Untuk Mencuci Peralatan Makan Oleh Pedagang Kaki Lima di Sekitar UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

The condition of eating places such as street vendors will determine the level of food hygiene, including the water used to wash food utensils. This study aimed to determine the number of microbes and identify Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. on the water that was used to wash tableware by street vendors around UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Water samples before and after being used to wash tableware were obtained from 4 street vendors. The number of microbes in the sample was tested by the Total Plate Count (TPC) and Most Probable Number (MPN) methods, Escherichia coli was identified using Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB) media, and Salmonella sp. was identified using Salmonella-Shigella agar (SSA) and Triple Sugar Iron agar (TSIA) media. Based on the results of TPC test, the water sample before being used to wash tableware had the lowest and highest values that were 3.0 x 102 Cfu/ml and 9.8 x 105 Cfu/ml, respectively, while the water sample after being used to wash tableware had the lowest and highest values that were 4.0 x 102 Cfu/ml and 3.5 x 105 Cfu/ml, respectively. In the MPN test, the water sample before being used to wash tableware had the lowest and highest values that were 15/100ml and 26 100/ml, respectively, while the water sample after being used to wash tableware had the lowest and highest values that were 72/100 ml and 271/ 100 ml, respectively. Escherichia coli was detected in all samples 1&3 while in sample 2 Escherichia coli was detected in the water before it was detected the genus Enterobacter and in samples 4 the genus Enterobacter was detected and all samples water used to wash tableware of street vendors was positive for Salmonella.

Inventarisasi Jenis-Jenis Anggrek di Kawasan Banyak Angkrem dan Kedung Kopong, Kecamatan Salaman, Kabupaten Magelang, Jawa Tengah

Banyak Angkrem and Kedung Kopong are medium lowland tropical rain forest areas where many types of orchids can be found. This study aims to determine the types and diversity of orchids found in the area of ​​Banyak Angkrem and Kedung Kopong. Data was collected using the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method with a radius to the right and to the left 5 m from the observation path with a research area ​​6.24 ha. The results showed that in the two areas found 15 species of orchids consisting of 10 species of epiphytic orchids (Acriopsis lilifolia, Agrostophyllum laxum, Bulbophyllum sp 1, Bulbophyllum sp 2, Dendrobium sagittatum, Dendrobium sp, Oberonia lotsyana, Pholidota sp, Polystaschya concreta, Vanila. planifolia) and 5 species of terrestrial orchids (Geodorum densivelorum, Malaxis ophrydis, Malaxis sp, Nervilia plicata, Perystilus goodyroides). The level of diversity (H ') of orchids in the two regions is classified as moderate with an H' value of 2.22

Inventarisasi Tumbuhan Akuatik Berpotensi Fitoremediator Air Limbah Industri di Waduk Bunder Gresik

The Bunder Reservoir Ecosystem is composed of various components, both biotic and abiotic. One of the components contained in the reservoir is aquatic plants as phytoremediator for wastewater. The aquatic plant inventory in the Bunder Reservoir aims to determine the diversity of aquatic plant species that have the potential to phytoremediate industrial waste. The research design was descriptive qualitative exploratory. Aquatic plant species were collected using a subjective estimates method with visual techniques. In the waters of the Bunder Reservoir, 17 species of aquatic plants from 13 families were found, including 11 emergent types, 1 free floating, 4 rooted floating, and 1 submersed. Types that have the potential to act as phytoremediators for inorganic waste in the metal categories are A. philoxeroides, A. sessilis, Cyperus sp. Hygrophila sp., I. carnea, I. aquatic, L. perpusilla, N. nucifera, Nymphaea sp., N. indica, P. barbata, and T. latifolia. The aquatic plant that has the potential for phytoremediator of pesticide waste is L. adscenden. While S. sesban tends to remove oil pollutants. Organic waste degrading species consist of T. latifolia, L. perpusilla, I.aquatica, Cyperus sp., And Brachiaria sp

Keanekaragaman Dan Dominansi Pohon Penyusun Hutan Lindung Di Pulau Marsegu Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat

Maluku is known as an archipelago and has high biodiversity. One of the many islands in Maluku that has biological natural resources is Marsegu Island in the West Seram district. Marsegu Island has a very high diversity of marine resources, various types of birds and various vegetation diversity of trees. The diversity of trees in vegetation shows a variety of compositions, both variations in shape, structure or morphology, color, number, and other characteristics of plants in an area. Tree vegetation is the main constituent of forest areas and has an important function in water management, germplasm reserves, life support, development resources and sources of foreign exchange. This study aims to determine the diversity and dominance of protected forest trees on Marsegu Island, West Seram district. The method used in this research is the belt transect method. Furthermore, the tree species were identified based on the identification book. Data were analyzed using the diversity index formula from Shannon-Wienner and Simpson dominance index. The results of research conducted in the eastern and western parts of Marsegu Island found 22 species of trees as the protected forest on Marsegu Island. The Diversity Index at both stations is in the medium category with the results obtained that the east station is 2.2652 while the west station is 2.3761 and is in a stable condition, while the Dominance Index at both stations is low with the results obtained that the eastern station is 0.1618 while the west 0.1135 and no species dominates.

Pengaruh Ketinggian Tempat Tumbuh Terhadap Kandungan Fitokimia dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Akar Sawi Langit (Vernonia cinerea L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of altitude on the phytochemical and antioxidant content of sawi langit (Vernonia cinerea L.) root. Sawi langit is a herbaceous plant that has potential as a medicinal plant. This plant can thrive in the tropics. In this study, sawi langit were taken from three altitudes, namely <400 masl, 401-800 masl and >801 masl in the Banyumas, central Java. The sample used was sawi langit root which was extracted using 3 types of solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexan). Phytochemical tests showed positive results of the content of flavonoid, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins compounds in the extract of sawi langit root from the three altitude with differences effectiveness of each solvent. At an altitude of <400 masl and extraction using methanol resulted strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value 78.56 ± 3.2 μg/ml compared to an altitude of 401-800 masl and >801 masl

Nematoda Parasit Pada Bunomys spp. di Pegunungan Mekongga, Sulawesi Tenggara

Study on the nematode parasite species of Bunomys spp. from Mekongga Mountain, Southeast Sulawesi was conducted on deposited specimens in Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Zoology Division, Research Center of Biology-LIPI. Bunomys is endemic genus murine rodent in Sulawesi. This study aims to determine the types of nematodes in endemic Muridae rodent, the results of which can help the government in developing disease management plans. The nematodes identified in this study were Subulura andersoni (host: B. andrewsi), Syphacia rifaii (host: B. chrysocomus), Cyclodostomum purvisi (host: B. penitus), Heterakis spumosa (host: B. chrysocomus). Except for Sy. muris, all of the recorded nematodes have worldwide distribution. Morphology and taxonomy of nematodes will be discussed in this paper

Pengaruh Komposisi 2,4-D dan BAP Terhadap Pembentukan Kalus Eksplan Pucuk Nilam (Pogostemon Cablin Benth.) secara In Vitro dengan Pemotongan Horizontal dan Vertikal

This study aims to determine the effect of 2,4-Diclorophenoxy Acetic Acid (2,4-D) and Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP) on the formation of callus of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) shoot explants by horizontal and vertical cutting methods. The parameters that observed in this study were the percentage growth of callus, time appearance of callus, weight of callus and the morphology of callus. The results showed that horizontal cutting method was able to induce callus growth with the percentages growth of callus were 18,75%, with the time appearance of callus was at 16 days at P1; P10; P12; P13 dan P14. The highest weight of callus obtained was 0.19 grams at P8. The results also showed that the callus yielded had a yellow and cream color, with a compact and crumb textures. Meanwhile, the vertical cutting method was able to induce callus formation with the percentage growth of callus were 12,5%. The fastest time of callus appearance was obtained in P6 and P8, which was 12 day after planting with the highest weight of callus obtained was 0.05 grams at P12. The results also showed that vertical cutting method had brown and dark-brown of callus with a compact and crumb textures.

Eksplorasi Jenis Jamur Makroskopis di Kawasan Bukit Gatan Kabupaten Musi Rawas Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

This study aims to determine the types of macroscopic fungi in Bukit Gatan, Musi Rawas Regency, and Abiotic Factors found in Bukit Gatan, Musi Rawas Regency. This research is descriptive, direct observation at the location of Bukit Gatan, Musi Rawas Regency by using the method of exploring with one hiking trail. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The type of fungus in the hiking trail are 2 divisions namely Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. The Basidiomycota Division found 7 orders, 12 families, 15 genera and 19 species, namely Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Leptiota brunneoincarnata, Marasmius candidus, Schizophyllum commune, Entoloma procerum, Ganoderma l, Ganoderma lucidum, Leptiota brunneoincarnata, Marasmius candidus, Schizophyllum commune, Entoloma procerum, Ganoderma l, Ganoderma lucidum, Leptiota brunneoincarnata, Marasmius candidus, Schizophyllum commune, Entoloma procerum, Ganoderma l, Ganoderma lucidum, Earliverus gustulus sacraicusus , Clitocybe salmonilamella, Phallus indusiatus, Coltricia cinamomea, and Coltricia perennis. Ascomycota Division produces 2 orders, 2 families, 3 genera and 3 species namely Cookeina sulcipes, Daldinia conentria, and Xylaria longipes. The abiotic factors are the temperature of 29-31 ° C, pH between 6-7, humidity of 30-70%, light intensity of 200 lux and height of 72-241 masl.

Uji Ekstrak Bawang Putih Tunggal (Allium sativum L.) Terhadap Bakteriuria Escherichia coli Pada Calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia

Garlic (Allium sativum L) is a tested type of phytopharmaca because it is proven to have beneficial benefits as antibacterial and protect the body from pathogens. The majority of Indonesian Migrant Workers, especially Prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers (CPMI), are indicated to be susceptible to Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), which is caused by the bacteriuria Escherichia coli. In this study, the crude extract of single garlic (A. sativum L) will be used as an antibacterial against E. coli bateriuria in the urine sample of CPMI, with variations in the concentration of single crude extract of garlic, namely; 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. This research was conducted in a period of 1 (one) year from January to December 2020, with urine research samples from CPMI in the Banyumas Regency area. Extraction was carried out by extracting a single garlic using 96% ethanol solvent in a ratio of 1: 1, then evaporated to produce a filtrate that would be tested with a varied concentrate composition. Isolation of bacteriuria in urine samples using EMBA selective media. From a total of 37 urine samples, 17 about 46% were positive for E. coli, and 20 samples were 54% negative for E. coli. Bacteriuria that was found challenged with crude garlic extract resulted in differences in the antibacterial test at several extract concentrations with amoxicillin positive control, with One Way Anova a P-value = 0.000 <0.05, and continued with the analysis of the Post Hoc Test and the Tuckey Test, that the garlic extract The single most effective used as an anti-bacterial agent is the concentration of 100%, resulting in an average inhibition of 12.81 mm. The ability of single garlic extract to inhibit increases with increasing extract concentrate.

Pengaruh Pemberian Calcitriol terhadap Kadar Limfosit pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Galur Wistar Jantan yang Dipapar Asap Rokok

The health impact for active and passive smokers is damage to the organs and respiratory tract. The body organs initially experience inflammation which increases the number of white blood cells, one of which is an increase in lymphocytes. One of the efforts to reduce the damage caused free radical by cigarette smoke is by consuming Calcitriol. Objective: To determine the effect of presenting Calcitriol on lymphocyte levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke. Methods: This type of research is a pure experimental (true-experiment) using a pre and post-test research design with a control group design to check lymphocyte levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). 24 rats were divided into 6 groups simultaneously. Random, namely the control group 1 (exposed to cigarette smoke and not given Calcitriol), group 2 (exposed to cigarette smoke and not given Calcitriol), placebo control group (exposed to cigarette smoke and given olive oil), treatment 1 (exposed to cigarette smoke and given Calcitriol with a dose of 0.25 µgr / head), treatment 2 (exposed to cigarette smoke and given Calcitriol at a dose of 0.5 µgr / head) and treatment 3 (exposed to cigarette smoke and given Calcitriol at a dose of 1 µgr / head). Results: Paired t-test lymphocyte levels showed evidence that stated (p <0.05) in the K2 group (p = 0.014), the K3 group (p = 0.049), the P1 group (p = 0.012) and the P3 group (0.001) . Meanwhile, group K1 (p = 0.115) and group P2 (p = 0.066) had no statistical difference. Conclusion: Calcitriol administration can reduce lymphocyte levels in male Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke.