scholarly journals Suitability Analysis of Ski Areas in China: An Integrated Study Based on Natural and Socioeconomic Conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Deng ◽  
Tao Che ◽  
Cunde Xiao ◽  
Shijin Wang ◽  
Liyun Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Suitability Analysis ◽  
Integrated Index ◽  
Ski Industry ◽  
Ski Area ◽  
Ski Areas

Abstract. The successful bidding of the 2022 Winter Olympics (Beijing 2022, officially known as the XXIV Olympic Winter Games) has greatly stimulated Chinese enthusiasm to participate in winter sports. Consequently, the Chinese ski industry is rapidly booming driven by enormous market demand and government support. However, investing in ski area at an unreasonable location will cause problems both from economic perspective (in terms of operation and management) as well as geographical concerns (such as environmental degradation). To evaluate the suitability of a ski area based on scientific metrics has since become a prerequisite to the sustainable development of ski industry. In this study, we evaluate the locational suitability of ski areas in China by integrating their natural and socioeconomic conditions using linear weighted method based on geographic information systems (GIS) spatial analysis combined with remote sensing, online and field survey data. Key indexes for evaluating the natural suitability include snow cover, air temperature, topographic conditions, groundwater, and vegetation, whereas socioeconomic suitability is evaluated based on economic conditions, accessibility of transportation, distance to tourist attractions, and distance to cities. As such, an integrated metrics considering both natural and socioeconomic suitability is defined to be a threshold and used to identify the suitability of a candidate region for ski area development. The results show that 92 % of existing ski areas are located in areas with an integrated index greater than 0.5. In contrary, a ski area is considered to be a dismal prospect when the locational integrated index is less than 0.5. Finally, corresponding development strategies for decision-makers are proposed based on the multi-criteria metrics, which will be extended to incorporate potential influences from future climate change and socioeconomic development.

scholarly journals Suitability analysis of ski areas in China: an integrated study based on natural and socioeconomic conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2149-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Deng ◽  
Tao Che ◽  
Cunde Xiao ◽  
Shijin Wang ◽  
Liyun Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sports Participation ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Integrated Index ◽  
Ski Industry ◽  
Ski Area ◽  
Ski Areas

Abstract. The successful bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics (Beijing 2022, officially known as the XXIV Olympic Winter Games) has greatly stimulated Chinese enthusiasm towards winter sports participation. Consequently, the Chinese ski industry is rapidly booming due to enormous market demand and government support. However, investing in ski areas in unreasonable locations will cause problems from an economic perspective (in terms of operation and management) as well as geographical concerns (such as environmental degradation). Therefore, evaluating the suitability of a ski area based on scientific metrics has become a prerequisite for the sustainable development of the ski industry. In this study, we evaluate the locational suitability of ski areas in China by integrating their natural and socioeconomic conditions using a linearly weighted method based on geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis combined with remote sensing, online, and field survey data. The key indexes for evaluating natural suitability include snow cover, air temperature, topographic conditions, water resources, and vegetation, whereas socioeconomic suitability is evaluated based on economic conditions, accessibility of transportation, distance to a tourist attraction, and distance to a city. As such, metrics ranging from 0 to 1 considering both natural and socioeconomic conditions are used to define a suitability threshold for each candidate region for ski area development. A ski area is considered to be a dismal prospect when the locational integrated index is less than 0.5. The results show that 84 % of existing ski areas are located in areas with an integrated index greater than 0.5. Finally, corresponding development strategies for decision-makers are proposed based on the multicriteria metrics, which will be extended to incorporate potential influences from future climate change and socioeconomic development. However, the snowmaking model with local data should to be used to further analyze the suitability for a specific ski area.

Terrain park feature compliance with Québec ski area safety recommendations

2020 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2019-043629
Author(s):  
Olivier Audet ◽  
Alison K Macpherson ◽  
Pierre Valois ◽  
Brent E Hagel ◽  
Benoit Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Ski Area ◽  
Ski Areas ◽  
Snow Conditions ◽  
Research Assistants ◽  
Design Construction

ObjectivesThe primary objective of this paper is to examine terrain park (TP) feature compliance with recommendations from a ski area industry guide (are TP features compliant with the guide?) and determine factors that could be associated with TP feature compliance in Québec ski areas (do factors influence TP feature compliance?), Canada. These recommendations on the design, construction and maintenance are provided by the Québec Ski Areas Association Guide.MethodsA group of two to four trained research assistants visited seven ski areas. They used an evaluation tool to assess the compliance of 59 TP features. The evaluation tool, originally developed to assess the quality of TP features based on the guide, was validated in a previous study. Compliance was calculated by the percentage of compliant measures within a given feature. The potential influence of four factors on compliance (size of the TP, size of the feature, snow conditions and type of feature) were examined using a mixed-effects logistic regression model.ResultsThe average TP feature compliance percentage was 93% (95% CI 88% to 99%) for boxes, 91% (95% CI 89% to 94%) for rails and 89% (95% CI 86% to 92%) for jumps. The logistic regression showed that none of the four factors examined were associated with TP feature compliance with the guide.ConclusionOur results suggest that TP features are highly compliant with the guide in Québec ski areas.

scholarly journals Projecting the impact of climate change on the transmission of Ross River virus: methodological challenges and research needs

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (10) ◽  
pp. 2013-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. YU ◽  
P. DALE ◽  
L. TURNER ◽  
S. TONG
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Ross River Virus ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYRoss River virus (RRV) is the most common vector-borne disease in Australia. It is vitally important to make appropriate projections on the future spread of RRV under various climate change scenarios because such information is essential for policy-makers to identify vulnerable communities and to better manage RRV epidemics. However, there are many methodological challenges in projecting the impact of climate change on the transmission of RRV disease. This study critically examined the methodological issues and proposed possible solutions. A literature search was conducted between January and October 2012, using the electronic databases Medline, Web of Science and PubMed. Nineteen relevant papers were identified. These studies demonstrate that key challenges for projecting future climate change on RRV disease include: (1) a complex ecology (e.g. many mosquito vectors, immunity, heterogeneous in both time and space); (2) unclear interactions between social and environmental factors; and (3) uncertainty in climate change modelling and socioeconomic development scenarios. Future risk assessments of climate change will ultimately need to better understand the ecology of RRV disease and to integrate climate change scenarios with local socioeconomic and environmental factors, in order to develop effective adaptation strategies to prevent or reduce RRV transmission.

CONSANGUINITY BY RANDOM ISONYMY AND SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN ARGENTINA: A POPULATION STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Edgardo Dipierri ◽  
Alvaro Rodríguez-Larralde ◽  
Italo Barrai ◽  
Esperanza Gutiérrez Redomero ◽  
Concepción Alonso-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Administrative Organization ◽  
The North ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

SummaryIn human populations various flexible, labile and interdependent structures (genetic, demographic, socioeconomic) co-exist, each of which can be organized in an hierarchical order corresponding to administrative entities. The relationship between consanguinity, as estimated by random isonymy (FST), and socioeconomic conditions was analysed at different levels of political and administrative organization in Argentina. From the surnames of 22,666,139 voters from the 2001 electoral roll,FSTwas estimated for 510 Argentinian departments. Using a principal component analysis, a Socio-Demographic and Economic Indicator (SDEI), summarizing the effect of 22 socioeconomic and demographic variables at the departmental level, was computed. The relationship between departmentalFSTand SDEI values was analysed for the whole nation and within regions using multiple regression analysis. TheFSTpresented a clinal distribution with the highest values in the north and west of the country, while SDEI expressed the opposite behaviour. A negative and significant correlation was observed betweenFSTand SDEI, accounting for 46% of the variation in consanguinity in Argentina. The strongest correlations ofFSTwith SDEI were observed in the Central, Patagonia and Cuyo regions, i.e. those with the highest values of SDEI and lowest values ofFST.

System Dynamics Modeling for China's EV Development Strategy

2013 ◽  
Vol 378 ◽  
pp. 483-486
Author(s):  
Yu Ning Wang ◽  
Hui Ming Zeng ◽  
Bin Qing Tang ◽  
Bin Xiang Hu
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
Policy Suggestions

Due to mandatory emission reduction and rising oil prices electric vehicles are about to be introduced in mass markets. This paper presents a system dynamics model of Chinas development strategy of electric vehicle industry. The focus of the paper is to study the influence of four major dynamic factors government policies, technology innovation, market demand and competitive ability. It gives an overall scenario of the development and highlights the major problems faced by Chinese electric vehicles industry, and how SD modeling can be used for the analysis of the industry developing policy. The model has been used to simulate the influence of these dynamic factors for 20 years, and a serious of policy tests and some useful policy suggestions were put forward. The result suggested that government support will still play a key role in a long-term.

scholarly journals Research on the Training Model of E-Commerce Professionals Based on Big Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Chun-Yi Lin ◽  
Zhao Xi ◽  
Chaomin Gao ◽  
Sang-Bing Tsai
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Higher Vocational Education ◽  
Electronic Trade ◽  
Employment Needs

In a new era of booming information technology, E-commerce has become an important developing country in China, and parents and students have gradually welcomed this profession. In the information age, how to improve the quality of training in professional higher education and then meet the employment needs of industries and enterprises has become a key issue for higher vocational education in China. This article mainly studies the E-commerce professional talent training model based on identity inheritance. This article analyzes the current situation of E-commerce talent training, combines pragmatism, and proposes strategies for training talented E-commerce experts in underdeveloped western regions. The theory of business talent development has certain theoretical significance for guiding and promoting electronic trade and socioeconomic development. The research in this article shows that despite a large number of international trade graduates every year, the electronic trading group (70.1%) is still international trade, and 85.9% of companies still believe that there is a gap between transnational E-commerce traders. In order to “effectively connect” the training of E-commerce talents in higher vocational education and social needs, it is necessary to take the needs of industrial development as the driving force and market demand as the guidance and take practical measures to improve the school-enterprise matching. The distance between talents ultimately promotes professional construction and talent training and achieves a win-win situation for both schools and enterprises.

scholarly journals What drives relocation policies in the Maldives?

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 931-951
Author(s):  
Geronimo Gussmann ◽  
Jochen Hinkel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Policy Option ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sea Levels

AbstractThe predominant responses to rising sea levels are in situ adaptations. However, increasing rates of sea-level rise will render ex situ adaptations—in the form of relocations—inevitable in some low-lying coastal zones. Particularly small island states like the Maldives face this significant adaptation challenge. Here, government action is necessary to move vulnerable communities out of flood-prone areas. Yet, little empirical knowledge exists about the governance of relocations. While the literature often highlights risks and benefits of relocations, it remains unclear how governments organized relocations and what drove relocation policy. Therefore, we examined Maldivian relocation policies from 1968 to 2018 to explain government support of relocations. For this, we used a qualitative research design and extended the multiple streams approach with the theoretical lens of historical institutionalism. To gather data, we conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 23) with relocation policy experts and locals affected by relocations. Interview data was complemented with a desk review of relevant laws, historical records, and policy documents. We find 29 completed and 25 failed cases of relocations in the 50-year period. Key drivers of relocation policies are focusing events, socioeconomic development, and institutionalized island autonomy. We find that relocations were predominantly initiated as means to facilitate economic development, not as a response to rising seas or coastal risk. With current rapid economic development and strengthened democratic institutions, relocations are not considered as a policy option anymore. We conclude that implementing relocations proactively will face significant barriers in the future, which highlights the urgency of successful in situ adaptations in the Maldives.

scholarly journals Simulating the Potential Effects of Climate Change in Two Colorado Basins and at Two Colorado Ski Areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (22) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Battaglin ◽  
Lauren Hay ◽  
Markstrom Steve
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Snow Covered Area ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Ski Area ◽  
Ski Areas ◽  
Yampa River ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

Abstract The mountainous areas of Colorado are used for tourism and recreation, and they provide water storage and supply for municipalities, industries, and agriculture. Recent studies suggest that water supply and tourist industries such as skiing are at risk from climate change. In this study, a distributed-parameter watershed model, the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), is used to identify the potential effects of future climate on hydrologic conditions for two Colorado basins, the East River at Almont and the Yampa River at Steamboat Springs, and at the subbasin scale for two ski areas within those basins. Climate-change input files for PRMS were generated by modifying daily PRMS precipitation and temperature inputs with mean monthly climate-change fields of precipitation and temperature derived from five general circulation model (GCM) simulations using one current and three future carbon emission scenarios. All GCM simulations of mean daily minimum and maximum air temperature for the East and Yampa River basins indicate a relatively steady increase of up to several degrees Celsius from baseline conditions by 2094. GCM simulations of precipitation in the two basins indicate little change or trend in precipitation, but there is a large range associated with these projections. PRMS projections of basin mean daily streamflow vary by scenario but indicate a central tendency toward slight decreases, with a large range associated with these projections. Decreases in water content or changes in the spatial extent of snowpack in the East and Yampa River basins are important because of potential adverse effects on water supply and recreational activities. PRMS projections of each future scenario indicate a central tendency for decreases in basin mean snow-covered area and snowpack water equivalent, with the range in the projected decreases increasing with time. However, when examined on a monthly basis, the projected decreases are most dramatic during fall and spring. Presumably, ski area locations are picked because of a tendency to receive snow and keep snowpack relative to the surrounding area. This effect of ski area location within the basin was examined by comparing projections of March snow-covered area and snowpack water equivalent for the entire basin with more local projections for the portion of the basin that represents the ski area in the PRMS models. These projections indicate a steady decrease in March snow-covered area for the basins but only small changes in March snow-covered area at both ski areas for the three future scenarios until around 2050. After 2050, larger decreases are possible, but there is a large range in the projections of future scenarios. The rates of decrease for snowpack water equivalent and precipitation that falls as snow are similar at the basin and subbasin scale in both basins. Results from this modeling effort show that there is a wide range of possible outcomes for future snowpack conditions in Colorado. The results also highlight the differences between projections for entire basins and projections for local areas or subbasins within those basins.

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