scholarly journals Profiles in Exhaustion and Pomposity: the Everyday Life of Komsomol cadres in the 1920s

2014 ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Sean Guillory
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Health Attitudes ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Appointment System

The article examines the daily lives of Young Communist League (Komsomol) cadres in the 1920s argue that their ability to establish local authority through consent was often undermined by their everyday conditions. The article treats the emergence of the Komsomol’s nomenklatura and cadre appointment system after the Russian civil war, cadre workload, working conditions, health, attitudes, and the Komsomol leadership’s efforts to subordinate cadre malfeasance and corruption through public scandal. The article demonstrates that without a sturdy material base upon which to generate consent, local Komsomol cadres often relied on domination to exert their authority over their rank and file members and to some extent the local population. This reliance ultimately perpetuated itself. The more cadres employed coercion, the more the means of consent atrophied, which led them to turn time and again to domination. The use of domination over consent had grave implications on the nature of Bolshevik rule. Often Komsomol cadres were the only representative of the Soviet state in rural localities, and their methods of garnering authority were representative of prevailing trends of Bolshevik governance throughout the 1920s.

scholarly journals Surveillance on/off: Examining home surveillance systems from the user's perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liisa A Mäkinen
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Traditional Understanding

Surveillance equipment, especially cameras and access control devices, are increasingly introduced into homes and other private dwellings. Residents use the equipment in their daily lives in places where they are both operators and targets of these systems. Thus far, the concrete practices of these systems use or the users’ feelings towards them have not been investigated. This article sets out to examine the surveillance produced with home surveillance systems and the meanings and implications of that surveillance to the resident.The data consist of 13 interviews conducted in Finland with people who have installed surveillance systems in their homes. Through qualitative content analysis of the interviews, this article argues that five types of surveillance is produced with these systems. The first two types are comparable to traditional understanding of surveillance motivated by control and care. Besides these two, the equipment is used for recreational and communicational surveillance which are motivated by more playful purposes. The fifth type of surveillance analyzed here is ‘sincere’ surveillance. Domestic surveillance is sincere in the sense that the residents consider it, along with their motives for conducting it, innocent. The users as overseers wish to separate themselves from voyeurs.This article offers important insight into the everyday life practices of surveillance and expands our previous understanding of domestic surveillance. The surveillance produced with home surveillance systems needs to be understood more broadly than in mere control-care-setting. The playful and entertaining usages of the systems, however, do not remove the ambiguities of domestic surveillance. 

A HUMAN UNDER NAZI OCCUPATION OF UKRAINE: MODERN NATIONAL HISTORIOGRAPHY

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Alina Ivanenko
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Population History ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Occupied Territories

Hitler occupation of Ukraine became the most difficult challenge for the Ukrainian people as the "new order" leaders’ aim was to eliminate the population of captured territories, to prepare a living space for the "Aryan people" whom Hitler and his ascendants considered the Germans to be. The policy of the Nazi regime on the occupied territories, which were regarded as an object of exploitation, oppression and robbery, led to significant changes in the practice of everyday life of the civilian population. History becomes more anthropological and it encourages the study of everyday life in order to understand holistic picture of historical events. This picture had its own peculiarities in different regions of Ukraine. In the Soviet period the issues of everyday life in occupied areas were considered fragmentarily, with the main focus on the other images - the nationwide struggle against the invaders, the moral and political unity of the Ukrainian people, the leading role of the party in fighting back the occupiers, etc. In fact, modern national scientists had to study the problem of anthropological measurements of occupation from scratch. However, in recent decades in Ukraine there has appeared a lot of historical research, the subject of which is the anthropological defining of occupation. These studies are being considered in the given article. A particular subject of research and this publication as well is certain categories of population: women, minors and intelligentsia. The existence of these categories of people in occupation has certain features that researchers disclose from different, often opposite, points of view. At the present stage various aspects of the Ukrainian peasantry life during the years of Nazi occupation are investigated by O. Potylchak, O. Perekhrest, V. Revehuk, T. Nagayko and others. The works of T. Vronska, K. Kurylyshyn, L. Kovpak, O. Isaikin, M. Herasimov, V. Kononenko, A. Yankovska and others were dedicated to the everyday life issues in the years of the Second World War and in the first post-war decade. The material, household and social spheres in the post-occupation period in different regions of Ukraine were studied by S. Galchenko, M. Dedkov, I. Spudka. However, in most of these works, the strategies of town people’s survival in the liberated territories in 1943-1945 are briefly outlined. Some researchers (T. Zabolotna, T. Nahayko, O. Savitska, V. Yakovenko) emphasize the everyday life of individual cities. I. Vetrov researched the economic robbery of the national economy and the population of Ukraine by invaders. Some aspects of the social policy of occupiers are highlighted in the study of O. Potylchak. M. Shevchenko, V. Hedz conducted a study of "female" narrative sources. Nowadays there are two directions of coverage of children lives during the occupation. The first direction is represented by D. Slobodynsky, who assumes that the state of children during the Nazi occupation of Ukraine was unbearable. H. Holysh and L. Holysh consider that children and teens played a very active role in the struggle against the Nazis. The state of the intelligentsia during the occupation was studied by L. Bidocha, V. Hinda, O. Salata, T. Zabolotna. The researchers point to the reasons of cooperation of this segment of the population with the occupants, which in fact did not differ from the motives of other groups of society. The author comes to the conclusion that the Nazi occupation had a negative impact on the various spheres of life of the society at that time, which led to significant changes in the everyday life of the local population of Central Ukraine. At that period the majority of people tried to fulfill their existential needs, for example to preserve their own lives and protect their loved ones in particular. The author comes to the conclusion that the aspects of people’s life during the Nazi occupation, disclosed by the authors in modern historiography, constitute a far-incomplete picture of Ukrainians’ life during this period. There are issues that require a detailed study and analysis of researchers in order to imagine life and daily realities on the occupied territory and what problems they had to deal with in order to survive in those conditions. There is a considerable spectrum of problems associated with the occupational routine, which requires a detailed study and analysis of researchers and it allows to make a coherent picture of living conditions on the occupied territories of Ukraine.

scholarly journals CIRCLE DANCING IN THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF THE ELDERLY PERSON

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Maciel Silva ◽  
Rosane Gonçalves Nitschke ◽  
Michelle Kuntz Durand ◽  
Ivonete Teresinha Schülter Buss Heidemann ◽  
Joanara Rozane da Fontoura Winters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
Family Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
Work Community ◽  
The Everyday

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the everyday life of the elderly person who practices circle dancing. Method: a interpretative qualitative research based on Comprehensive sociology and the daily life. Data collection occurred between September 2016 and March 2017 through in-depth interviews and participant observation. There was a total of 20 participants, with 17 of them practicing the dancing and three circle dance leaders in the Basic Health Units of a municipality in southern Brazil. Data analysis included preliminary analysis, ordering, key links, coding and categorization. Results: two thematic categories emerged: The daily life of the elderly person; Experiencing circle dancing in everyday life. The daily lives of the elderly are involved in domestic activities, family care, volunteer work, community groups and physical activities. The elderly expressed that circle dancing brought changes, made them more balanced, calm, cheerful, attentive, interactive, with pain relief and improved family and social relationships. Conclusion: circle dancing in the daily life of the elderly person causes emotional, physical, social and, mainly, family changes in their everyday way of living, making them more positive, loving and sensitive, healthier, it also contributes to health promotion and a better quality life.

scholarly journals Everyday life under the PIDE: A quantitative survey on the relations between ordinary citizens and Salazar’s political police (1955–74)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Simpson ◽  
Ana Louceiro
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Portuguese Society ◽  
Ordinary Citizens

This article examines the relations between Portuguese society and Salazar’s political police (PIDE) from the perspective of the everyday lives of ordinary citizens – in contrast to the small minority of oppositionists that has so far monopolized the attention of historians. It is based on a quantitative survey of 400 respondents in four separate locations across Portugal and addresses two main research questions: To what extent did the sample of ordinary citizens experience the PIDE as a disruptive influence on their daily lives? Was the PIDE ‘normalized’ by them as part of the framework of everyday life? The data analysis calls upon the inputs of the international bibliography of everyday life under dictatorship and critically engages with the existing historiography of the PIDE.

scholarly journals An Echo from a Footprint: A Step Too Far

2021 ◽  
pp. 397-412
Author(s):  
Steve Webb
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Ancient People ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Central Australia ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum

AbstractRarely in archaeology do we see the flesh and blood of ancient people living their lives? In Australia, a unique archaeological site discovered in 2006 allowed us to do just that as people went about their daily lives during the last glacial maximum. The site is a palaeofilm of men, women and children, walking, running and meandering across a wet area that was obviously special to them. While hundreds of footprints displayed this unusual but moving life tapestry, details of their behaviour and other marks they left behind were difficult or impossible to interpret. Moreover, were some of the marks made by humans or just artefacts of nature? Perhaps we were not making the right interpretation and not picking up clues to the everyday life of these people as well as we might. We required interpretative skills we did not have. To help us we needed to partner with people who had such skills. Pintubi people from Central Australia were asked to help, and they were some of the last people contacted by White Australia in the early 1960s. They had the vital skills of tracking, skills that had kept them alive in the harsh Tanami and Gibson deserts of Central Australia. It was possible that they would be able to apply those skills in reaching out to their ancient Dreamtime ancestors. They also brought that Dreamtime to us.

scholarly journals Everyday life under the PIDE: A quantitative survey on the relations between ordinary citizens and Salazar’s political police (1955–74)

2021 ◽  
Vol 00 (00) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Duncan Simpson ◽  
Ana Louceiro
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Portuguese Society ◽  
Ordinary Citizens

This article examines the relations between Portuguese society and Salazar’s political police (PIDE) from the perspective of the everyday lives of ordinary citizens – 
in contrast to the small minority of oppositionists that has so far monopolized the attention of historians. It is based on a quantitative survey of 400 respondents in four separate locations across Portugal and addresses two main research questions: To what extent did the sample of ordinary citizens experience the PIDE as a disruptive influence on their daily lives? Was the PIDE ‘normalized’ by them as part of the framework of everyday life? The data analysis calls upon the inputs of the international bibliography of everyday life under dictatorship and critically engages with the existing historiography of the PIDE.

scholarly journals Racism in the everyday life of Finnish children with transnational roots

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Rastas
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Transnational Adoptees ◽  
Vast Area

In the vast area of studies of racism children’s experiences have been overlooked. Questions of racism are often related to immigrants and their children, but in many European countries increasing numbers of children of mixed parentage, as well as children adopted from other continents, confront racism. My ethnographic study of racism in the everyday lives of Finnish children with “transnational roots” focuses on the experiences of transnational adoptees and those young Finnish citizens who have one Finnish-born parent, but whose Finnishness and right to belong is often questioned by others because of their parental ties to other countries and nations. This article explores the different manifestations of racism in their daily lives and concludes with a discussion of the importance of identifying those social and culturalfactors which make it especially difficult for children to talk about and deal with their experiences of racism.

scholarly journals An everyday geography: spatial diversity of the everyday life

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Geographical Research ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Post Soviet Space

Formulation of the problem. Development of new geographical research direction in post-Soviet space is caused by the necessity to understand spatial diversity of everyday life and to solve related issues at the local level. In many cases the diversity of everyday life affects not only the living conditions, but also shapes behavior, practices and habits of the local population. If in humanitarian sciences everyday life is actively studied, in geography this topic is still overlooked. Previous spatial studies of everyday life show that research results are actually relevant and lead to the emergence of a new research direction – an everyday geography. The purpose of the article: based on the analysis of the world discourse and the results of own studies of the spatial diversity of everyday life, to reveal possible ways of formation and development of a new geographical research direction in post-Soviet space – everyday geography. There is no universally accepted methodology for the study of geography of everyday life, but experience shows that both traditional geographical and specific methods from social sciences, representational and non-representational methods can be successfully applied. Results. The world geography gives much more attention to the studies of the spatial diversity of everyday life in comparison with post-Soviet countries, and as a result emotional, affective, animated geographies are developed, as well as geography of fear, geography of trauma, etc. Everyday life refers to ordinary, mundane activities, experiences, behavior, and interaction with the environment. Everydayness is considered as a temporal (daily, monthly, annual) cross-section of living (personal, communal, societal) environment within a particular territory. Everyday life is practiced as a socio-cultural world, where particular person exists just like other people, interacting with them and non-human objects, influencing them, changing them, and simultaneously is affected and changed by them. Everydayness shapes daily life – the constant processes of ‘everydaying’ human activities in the form of communication with the environment, learning the traditions and consolidation of behavior rules, ‘mastering’ a lifestyle, tools to achieve goals, etc. However, everyday life is constantly disturbed by innovations, appearance of the unusual, deviation from stereotypes, traditions and the formation of new rules. Unusual for a certain period participates in the process of ‘everydaying’ and then becoming everyday, mundane, taken-for-granted, extends the scope of everyday life. The everyday geography explores particular reactions of people in particular spatial conditions. Everydayness is everywhere, and researchers study everyday spaces, everyday practices, everyday mobilities, everyday conflicts and resistance, even everyday geopolitics and, more broadly, everyday life and everyday geographies. However, everyday life is not perceived as a unity. It consists of many typical but not necessarily interrelated activities, each of them is taken for granted by participants (work, family life, leisure, etc.), but spatially diverse. The studies of the spatial diversity of everyday life focuses mainly on the investigation of everyday spaces within which everyday life occurs, everyday practices – the routine activities we do every day without thinking about it, and a number of everyday events. Geographers can explore the diversity of everyday life in several ways: using spatial-temporal, art-geographical, everyday-tourist approaches. So far, individual studies of the spatial diversity of everyday life will inevitably transformed into the broad band of post-Soviet geography – the everyday geography. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Focusing of geographers on the everyday life gives a deeper understanding of the tendencies and consequences of various social and cultural processes, the state of the contemporary destabilized environment. The paper deals with the discourse on spatial diversity of everyday life and conceptualization of emotional, affective, non-representational, animative, everyday and other geographies. Particular attention is paid to the key concepts of the everyday life geographies – everyday spaces, practices and events. Prospective directions of the further studies of the everydayness (including spatial-temporal, art-geographical, everyday-tourist approaches), as well as the practical importance of everyday life spatial diversity researches for territorial management are discussed.

scholarly journals “Housing issues” of Kyiv archaeologists in 1940s–1950s

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 451-458
Author(s):  
Daria Cherkaska
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Interpersonal Conflicts ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Housing Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Everyday Problems

The article analyses the living and working conditions of Kyiv archaeologists in the 1940s and 1950s when Kyiv gradually recovered from the terrible war destruction. Like all Kyiv citizens, archaeologists suffered from a lack of housing and the necessary equipment and furniture but continued their research. All this was compounded by the intensification of post-war repression. After the restoration of its activity, the Institute of Archeology was located on Taras Shevchenko Boulevard with several other institutes of the Academy of Sciences until 1960. In the same building, there was a dormitory for employees. All this did not improve the work of the institution, but also led to interpersonal conflicts. The sluggish bureaucratic system created in the USSR forced the use of the Institute's administrative resources to solve ordinary household issues. To improve the living conditions of staff, as well as to ensure relatively normal working conditions, Directorate of Institute of Archeology had to repeatedly escalate by writing numerous letters, both to the leadership of the Academy of Sciences, and to the Soviet institutions of various levels for the purpose of “knocking out” at least some living quarters for archaeologists. This situation continued for many years after the war. In addition to the everyday problems of the Kyiv archaeologists, the directorate of Institute of Archaeology tried to assist Lviv archaeologists in such situations, who formally were a part of Institute of Archaeology. However, in most cases, this assistance did not produce any results. In addition, the “housing issue” also concerned the Institute of Archeology, because for many years the institution had major problems with the lack of space not only for staff but also for the collection of finds. These problems were also exacerbated by the plundering of the Institute itself and its collections during the war. Key words: history of archaeology, everyday life of Kyiv citizens, everyday life of archaeologists, Taras Shevchenko boulevard, 14.

scholarly journals MEMOIRS OF MEMBERS OF UKRAINIAN MILITARY FORMATIONS IN THE GERMAN ARMED FORCES AS A SOURCE FOR STUDYING THE DAILY LIVES OF SOLDIERS OF WORLD WAR II

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
O. V. Vovk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
World War ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
German Armed Forces

The article deals with how the memoirs highlight the peculiarities of everyday life of Ukrainian servicemen who were members of Ukrainian military formations in the German armed forces during the Second World War. Ukrainian combatants published a large number of memoirs, which highlighted the reasons that led them to combine their own destiny with service to a foreign country, described the social and construction conditions in which they found themselves, relations between soldiers, the attitude of Germans to Ukrainians, hopes for future Ukrainian revival. . These memoirs are an important source for studying the daily lives of soldiers during World War II. Although the issue of everyday life of Ukrainian soldiers was considered in the works of researchers, it is of secondary importance. Because of this, there is a problem of a more detailed study of the daily life of soldiers who found themselves in various formations of the German armed forces during World War II, and whose activities were not criminalized by the international community. Significant factual material on this issue provides an analysis of the memories of Ukrainian combatants. The publication provides a critical analysis of the memoirs of P. Hrytsak, M. Kalba, V. Ketsun, R. Kolisnyk, T. Krochak, R. Lazurko, K. Malyi, I. Nahaievskyi, E. Pobihushchyi and others. It was found that the memoirs cover in detail the domestic aspects of the service (military training, leisure, material support, cultural life, morale and mood of the soldiers), relations with the German personnel of the units. The authors’ memoirs contain numerous descriptions of the daily life of soldiers during military training, redeployment and participation in hostilities. Eyewitnesses described the soldiers’ equipment, the content of the instructors’ lectures and talks, the arrangement and plan of the camp, the relations between the Ukrainians and the relations with the Germans, and the peculiarities of the soldiers’ leisure. It is important to describe the transformation of the mood of the Ukrainian soldiers of the Division “Galicia”. These sentiments transformed from optimistic to a complete loss of confidence and growing dislike for German uniforms. Studies of this historical issue indicate that the authors of the memoirs describe the predominantly superior attitude of German personnel towards Ukrainians. It is investigated how the memoirs provide information about relations with the local population in the areas where the Ukrainian units were located. The publication highlights how the memoirs characterize the role of the church and priests in the life of Ukrainian units, which consisted not only in the religious and spiritual care of soldiers, but also in everyday life.

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