A HUMAN UNDER NAZI OCCUPATION OF UKRAINE: MODERN NATIONAL HISTORIOGRAPHY

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Alina Ivanenko
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Population History ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Occupied Territories

Hitler occupation of Ukraine became the most difficult challenge for the Ukrainian people as the "new order" leaders’ aim was to eliminate the population of captured territories, to prepare a living space for the "Aryan people" whom Hitler and his ascendants considered the Germans to be. The policy of the Nazi regime on the occupied territories, which were regarded as an object of exploitation, oppression and robbery, led to significant changes in the practice of everyday life of the civilian population. History becomes more anthropological and it encourages the study of everyday life in order to understand holistic picture of historical events. This picture had its own peculiarities in different regions of Ukraine. In the Soviet period the issues of everyday life in occupied areas were considered fragmentarily, with the main focus on the other images - the nationwide struggle against the invaders, the moral and political unity of the Ukrainian people, the leading role of the party in fighting back the occupiers, etc. In fact, modern national scientists had to study the problem of anthropological measurements of occupation from scratch. However, in recent decades in Ukraine there has appeared a lot of historical research, the subject of which is the anthropological defining of occupation. These studies are being considered in the given article. A particular subject of research and this publication as well is certain categories of population: women, minors and intelligentsia. The existence of these categories of people in occupation has certain features that researchers disclose from different, often opposite, points of view. At the present stage various aspects of the Ukrainian peasantry life during the years of Nazi occupation are investigated by O. Potylchak, O. Perekhrest, V. Revehuk, T. Nagayko and others. The works of T. Vronska, K. Kurylyshyn, L. Kovpak, O. Isaikin, M. Herasimov, V. Kononenko, A. Yankovska and others were dedicated to the everyday life issues in the years of the Second World War and in the first post-war decade. The material, household and social spheres in the post-occupation period in different regions of Ukraine were studied by S. Galchenko, M. Dedkov, I. Spudka. However, in most of these works, the strategies of town people’s survival in the liberated territories in 1943-1945 are briefly outlined. Some researchers (T. Zabolotna, T. Nahayko, O. Savitska, V. Yakovenko) emphasize the everyday life of individual cities. I. Vetrov researched the economic robbery of the national economy and the population of Ukraine by invaders. Some aspects of the social policy of occupiers are highlighted in the study of O. Potylchak. M. Shevchenko, V. Hedz conducted a study of "female" narrative sources. Nowadays there are two directions of coverage of children lives during the occupation. The first direction is represented by D. Slobodynsky, who assumes that the state of children during the Nazi occupation of Ukraine was unbearable. H. Holysh and L. Holysh consider that children and teens played a very active role in the struggle against the Nazis. The state of the intelligentsia during the occupation was studied by L. Bidocha, V. Hinda, O. Salata, T. Zabolotna. The researchers point to the reasons of cooperation of this segment of the population with the occupants, which in fact did not differ from the motives of other groups of society. The author comes to the conclusion that the Nazi occupation had a negative impact on the various spheres of life of the society at that time, which led to significant changes in the everyday life of the local population of Central Ukraine. At that period the majority of people tried to fulfill their existential needs, for example to preserve their own lives and protect their loved ones in particular. The author comes to the conclusion that the aspects of people’s life during the Nazi occupation, disclosed by the authors in modern historiography, constitute a far-incomplete picture of Ukrainians’ life during this period. There are issues that require a detailed study and analysis of researchers in order to imagine life and daily realities on the occupied territory and what problems they had to deal with in order to survive in those conditions. There is a considerable spectrum of problems associated with the occupational routine, which requires a detailed study and analysis of researchers and it allows to make a coherent picture of living conditions on the occupied territories of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Whom is political science for?

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Andrea Theocharis ◽  
Marcus Graetsch
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Political Science ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The State ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Status ◽  
Internet Discussion

We all study political science, but - what do we actually do here anyway? This essay expresses our thoughts about our subject. The everyday life in University doesn’t seem to give enough space for questioning what is this all about. Maybe a debate on that issue does not exist extensively because of fears of the loss of entitlement. The aim of this essay is to support the heightening of student’s awareness about the status quo of research and teaching in political science as we can judge it from our modest experiences. Trying to get to the basis of such a problem is not easy. The things here written are surely not the state of the art, but they could shine a better light on the problem what had been called the 'politics of political science' in an earlier Internet discussion on the IAPSS website. This paper should be understood as a start for a discussion, where we all can express our surely different experiences and ideas.

Appropriating rent from greenfield affordable housing: developer practices in Johannesburg

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-361
Author(s):  
Siân Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Rent ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Personal Connections ◽  
Monopoly Rents ◽  
Rent Theory

‘Affordable housing’ for Johannesburg’s growing middle class is a developmentalist imperative and potentially lucrative market. However, few greenfield developers have found this market profitable. Fundamental to those who have, is control over land and its development. This paper puts heterodox urban land rent theory to work vis-à-vis the logics and practices of these developers. I illustrate how greenfield affordable housing developers work to (re)produce differential and monopoly rents in this context. Differential rents rely on investing in cheap land produced through the city’s racialised geography, and controlling land’s development through vertical integration, dynamic negotiations with local government and development finance institutions, and steering money and people into developments. Monopoly rents rely on the power of developers to act together as a class to secure land, give the appearance of competition and lobby the state in their interests. This power is built through racialised control over land and long personal connections. It is also consolidated by the state’s own land development bureaucracy and preference for ‘mega’ developments and recognisable developers. Together, these developer strategies to accrue differential and monopoly rents demonstrate their active role in the everyday making of land and housing markets. They also demand extensions of heterodox urban land rent theory: first, a more articulated understanding of how class monopoly power over land is built through race, and second, a more contingent analysis of capital’s relations to other actors and institutions, especially the state.

scholarly journals The Cult of the Underworld in Singapore: Mythology and Materiality

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Dean Koon Lee Wang
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
The Everyday

Myths provide hagiographic and iconographic accounts of the gods, which shape rituals that are performed in cults associated with these gods. In the realization of iconographies and ritualization of narratives in myths, material objects play an active role. This article examines the pattern of worship in the cult of the Ah Pehs, a group of Underworld gods whose efficacy lies in the promise of occult wealth, and focuses on the material aspects such as offerings and paraphernalia associated with these gods. Though ritual texts and scriptures are absent in the Ah Peh cult, symbols in the form of material objects play a crucial role. These objects are also considered as synecdoche for the gods in certain cases. The first part of this paper presents a case study of the autonomous ritual of “Burning Prosperity Money”, which reveals the cycle of occult exchange between gods and devotees. The second part involves an imagery analysis of the material objects central to the cult, and argues that in the system of reciprocity with the gods, material objects common to the everyday life are reinterpreted and enchanted with a capitalist turn, resulting in the development of occult economies within the local Chinese religious sphere.

Developing an Empirical-Phenomenological Approach to Schizophrenia Research

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Self ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Lost And Found ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
New Research ◽  
Progressive Course

AbstractSchizophrenia has historically been considered a severe psychiatric disorder with a chronic and progressive course; an assumption that has shaped both clinical research and public policy. Recent studies have suggested, however, that many people recover from this disorder to varying degrees, prompting new research approaches that focus on factors influencing improvement as well as pathology. An empirical-phenomenological approach appears especially promising as an avenue to investigating the active role the person may play in improvement. The dimensions of everyday life that are discussed as providing a conceptual framework for investigations of the active role of the person are intentionality, temporality, and meaning. Within this framework a four-step process of recovering and reconstructing the self in schizophrenia is then delineated, with concrete illustrations of each step drawn from interviews with one young woman with schizophrenia. The findings are taken to represent the kinds of valuable insights that may be garnered from an empirical-phenomenological approach to research built upon a recognition of the importance of the dimensions of intentionality, temporality, and meaning in the everyday life of those afflicied with severe mental illness. There is only the fight to recover what has been lost And found and lost again and again. T. S. Eliot

scholarly journals Everyday Life of the Russian Nuns in the Holy Land at the Time of Changes in the Middle East, 1940s–1950s

2021 ◽  
pp. 190-200
Author(s):  
N.A. Beliakova
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

This study aims at providing an overview of the everyday life of Russian nuns in Palestine after World War II. This research encompassed the following tasks: to analyze the range of ego-documents available today, characterizing the everyday life and internal motivation of women in choosing the church jurisdiction; to identify, on the basis of written sources, the most active supporters of the Moscow Patriarchate to examine the nuns’ activity as information agents of the Russian Orthodox Church and Soviet government; to characterize the actors influencing the everyday life of the Russian nuns in the context of the creation of the state of Israel and new borders dividing the Holy Land; to present the motives and instruments of influence employed by the representatives of both secu-lar and church diplomacies in respect to the women leading a monastic life; to describe consequences of including the nuns into the sphere of interest of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR; to show the specific role of “Russian women” in the context of the struggle for securing positions of the USSR and the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in the region. The sources for the study were prodused by the state (correspondence between the state authorities, meeting notes) and from the religious actors (letters of nuns to the church authorities, reports of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission, memoirs of the clergy). By combining the methods of micro-history and history of the everyday life with the political history of the Cold War, the study examines the agency of the nuns — a category of women traditionally unnoticeable in the political history. Due to the specificity of the sources, the study focuses exclusively on a group of the nuns of the Holy Land who came under the jurisdiction of the Moscow Patri-archate. The majority of the Russian-speaking population of Palestine in the mid-1940s were women in the status of monastic residents (nuns and novices) and pilgrims, and in the 1940s–1950s, they were drawn into the geopolitical combinations of the Soviet Union. The Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem, staffed with representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church, becomes a key institution of influence in the region. This article shows how elderly nuns became an object of close attention and even funding by the Soviet state. The everyday life of the nuns became directly dependent on the activities of the Soviet agencies and Soviet-Israeli relations after the arri-val of the Soviet state representatives. At the same time, the nuns became key participants in the inter-jurisdictional conflicts and began to act as agents of influence in the region. The study analyzes numerous ego-documents created by the nuns themselves from the collection of the Council on the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church under the USSR Council of Ministers. The study shows how nuns positioned themselves as leading a monastic life in the written correspondence with the ROC authorities and staff of the Soviet MFA. The instances of influence of different secular authorities on the development of the female monasticism presented here point to promising research avenues for future reconstruction of the history of women in the Holy Land based on archival materials from state departments, alternative sources should also be found. The study focused on the life of elderly Russian nuns in the Holy Land and showed their activity in the context of the geopolitical transformations in the Near East in the 1940s–1950s.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Realization of Rights and Freedoms by Collective Entities in the Context of Digitalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
S.A. Rabazanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Communities ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Everyday

The process of introducing digital technologies into the everyday life of social communities is considered and the changes taking place, both positive and negative in nature, are highlighted. The need for participation of both the state and society in this process for its final completion is noted. Ways and methods of solving the problematic issues that arise in this course are analyzed.

Bureaucracy

Anthropology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Hoag
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
The State ◽  
Corporate Board ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Bureaucratic Institutions ◽  
The Many

The term "bureaucracy" refers broadly to administration and official procedure in states, corporations, and other complex organizations. However, the term has a much more complicated set of connotations related to delays and overwrought procedural protocols, emanating from critiques of socialism, the state, and modernity. The figure of the bureaucrat stands at the center of discourse about bureaucracy: at once listless and nefarious, the bureaucrat embodies the inscrutability and absurdity of modern institutional power: impersonal, ubiquitous, and charged with executing law and regulation dispassionately. Bureaucracy represents an ideal of state-enforced equality before the law that is in endless deferral. Anthropologists are well placed to sort through these contradictions and how they manifest in the everyday life of clients, bureaucrats, and others who engage with bureaucracy. The study of bureaucracy has a shallow scholarly history in the discipline of anthropology relative to sociology and political science. For much of the 20th century, bureaucracy was seen as strictly a “Western” phenomenon and therefore outside the purview of anthropologists, who tended to focus on “non-Western” phenomena in other parts of the world. This disciplinary territoriality began to shift in the mid-1990s, and anthropologists increasingly turned an eye toward the everyday life of organizations, including the documents, protocols, and forms of sociality that configure it. This shift was a result of several intellectual currents, notably anthropologists’ interest in understanding how the lives of the subaltern peoples they study are shaped by political institutions and projects. These include the state—a crucial site for the development of the anthropology of bureaucracy—but also humanitarian aid organizations and environmental conservation programs. As anthropologists began asking questions about bureaucrats as ethnographic subjects rather than merely executors of official policy, a greater sensibility for the signs and affective qualities of bureaucratic life opened up new insights into the diversity of positions within bureaucratic institutions, as well as the many kinds of bureaucratic work subsumed under the category of “bureaucracy.” Anthropologists of bureaucracy today train their focus on research funding committees, meetings in corporate board rooms, the aesthetic form of paperwork stamped by civil servants at municipal planning offices, the protocols of environmental impact assessments, interactions between asylum applicants and immigration officials, and beyond.

PREVENTION OF NEGATIVE INFLUENCE OF LEADERS AND ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS OF GROUPINGS OF A NEGATIVE ORIENTATION ON THE POSITIVELY CHARACTERIZED CONVICTEDIN PRISONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Иса Хамзатович Дакашев
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Departmental Level ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Orientation

В статье рассматривается влияние лидеров и активных участников группировок отрицательной направленности на положительно характеризующихся осужденных, предлагаются поэтапные меры профилактики такого влияния. Проблемы повышенной общественной опасности криминальных лидеров и их негативного влияния на положительно характеризующихся осужденных поднимаются на государственном и ведомственном уровне достаточно давно. Характеризуя современное состояние деятельности криминальных лидеров в уголовно-исполнительной системе России, следует отметить не только все возрастающую их активность, но и стремление к созданию в исправительных учреждениях организованных структур неформальной власти. Складывающаяся криминогенная обстановка в исправительных учреждениях такова, что многие преступления носят организованный характер. Искаженные представления об общечеловеческих ценностях реализуются криминальными лидерами и активными участниками группировок отрицательной направленности в повседневной жизни путем совершения особо жестоких, изощренных преступлений, направленных против осужденных и других лиц в исправительных учреждениях, а также в отношении пенитенциарной системы в целом. The article examines the influence of leaders and active members of negative groupings on positively characterized convicts, and proposes step-by-step measures to prevent such influence. Problems of increased public danger of criminal leaders and their negative impact positively characterized convicts rise at the state and departmental level for a long time. Describing the current state of the activities of criminal leaders in the penitentiary system of Russia, it should be noted not only their ever-increasing activity, but also the desire to create in correctional institutions of organized structures of informal power. The emerging crime situation in places of deprivation of liberty is such that many crimes are of an organized nature. Distorted ideas about universal human values are realized by them in everyday life by committing especially cruel, sophisticated crimes directed against convicts and other persons in correctional colonies, as well as in relation to the penitentiary system in general.

Mises and Hayek in “Kremikovtzi” MC

Epohi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pencho Penchev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Metallurgical Plant ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Socialist Society ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Official Opening ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Metallurgical Combine ◽  
High Degree

The author makes an attempt to investigate functioning of the largest metallurgical plant in Bulgaria – “Kremikovtzi” MC – through the prism of Misesian and Hayekian arguments concerning the economic organization of the socialist society. The main conclusion is that the arguments with a high degree of abstraction – especially those of Mises - remain invisible at the level of a particular enterprise. The views of Hayek, however, those of the classical political economists, and of Simeon Demostenov find their confirmation in the everyday life of the metallurgical combine even before its official opening in 1963 and until the last day of the Bulgarian socialist regime in 1989. To some extend “Kremikovtzi” is representative for the economic reality in Bulgaria during the era of socialism and is indicative of the results and shortcomings of the state-implemented industrialization of the country. Bulgaria became an industrialized country, but it is not sure whether the industrialization was successful.

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