scholarly journals Activism in Practice: The Influence of a Rural School Leader’s Beliefs and Practices in Disrupting Historical Patterns of Underachievement in Traditionally Marginalized Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Kristina A. Hesbol ◽  
Jennifer Sparkman Bartee ◽  
Fayaz Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Culturally Responsive ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Educational Leaders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rural School ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Marginalized Students ◽  
Beliefs And Practices

Despite the fact that rural communities across the United States are rapidly diversifying (Fusarelli & Militello, 2012), little research has examined the beliefs and practices of successful rural educational leaders, specifically in high poverty schools and districts where traditionally marginalized students demonstrate improving learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the beliefs and practices of a rural educational leader whose school or district met established study criteria for a high poverty, high performing school, in which traditionally marginalized students demonstrate increasingly productive learning outcomes. Interviews with the leader were conducted, and the data were coded and analyzed using a constant comparative method (Lincoln & Guba, 1985).The following research question guided the study:What impact do the beliefs and practices of a rural school district leader have on the learning outcomes of traditionally marginalized students in the Rocky Mountain West?The findings from this study contribute to the paucity of research on culturally responsive rural superintendent-principals. Identifying the rural leader’s beliefs and practices provides support for educational leaders who serve in that uniquely rural dual role, about which very little has been written. It informs leadership preparation programs, graduate students, researchers, and policy makers about the need for nuanced culturally responsive training for rural educational leaders.

A Rural School’s Adaptations, Improvements, and Innovations During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 155545892110581
Author(s):  
Kristen C. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Rural Schools ◽  
Educational Leaders ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Improvement Science ◽  
School Based ◽  
Improvement Effort ◽  
Improvement Team

COVID-19 prompted unprecedented disruptions to schools with challenges particularly severe for high-poverty remote rural schools. This case study recounts the story of a rural school that had participated in a research–practice partnership (RPP) multi-year improvement effort prior to the pandemic and documents the ways the RPP and the school-based improvement team worked to navigate pandemic-related disruptions. This case study provides educational leaders with insights into ways to surmount challenges and innovate especially during times of significant disruption and provides prompts to consider with regard to the use of RPP support and improvement science-based processes and tools.

scholarly journals The U.S. Space Force in a geopolitical context: Peaceful development or arming of outer space?

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-677
Author(s):  
Bogdan Stojanovic
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The United States ◽  
Main Research ◽  
State Supervision ◽  
Conventional Weapons ◽  
Peaceful Development ◽  
The U.S

The main research question in this article is how much the establishment of the U.S. Space Force has influenced other countries to accelerate their space activities and whether future technological development in space will be peaceful. The newly formed U.S. Space Force is the result of new geopolitical reflections on the importance of outer space as a new type of battlefield between states. International norms forbid weapons of mass destruction in outer space, but not conventional weapons. The author examines the justification and the possibility of establishing an international regime that would limit the future space ambitions of a few capable states. The author uses a comparative method and analysis of state practices to examine who could be the most serious competitor of the United States in the struggle for space domination. The author concludes that space nationalism dominates the practices of states and their aspirations to increase their own power. Although it is too early to reject classical geopolitical views, geopolitics must respect outer space as a new arena of competition. The author also predicts that there will be a place for private actors in that arena, but with strict state supervision. The main conclusion and answer to the research question are that American activities will introduce the race to conquer space to a new speed, including the armament and militarization of outer space.

scholarly journals Counteracting Educational Injustice with Applied Critical Leadership: Culturally Responsive Practices Promoting Sustainable Change

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorri J. Santamaría ◽  
Andrés P. Santamaría
Keyword(s):  
Educational Leadership ◽  
Culturally Responsive ◽  
Educational Leaders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sustainable Change ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Leadership Practice ◽  
Culturally Responsive Practices ◽  
Comparative Case Studies ◽  
Critical Leadership

This contribution considers educational leadership practice to promote and sustain diversity. Comparative case studies are presented featuring educational leaders in the United States and New Zealand who counter injustice in their practice. The leaders' leadership practices, responsive to the diversity presented in their schools, offer reconceptualizations of educational leadership for a changing society. Applied critical leaders are defined through similarities and differences, followed by suggestions for critical leadership promoting social justice and educational equity and culturally responsive practices to inform policy and practice for sustainable future-focused educational leadership.

scholarly journals The Benefit of Utilizing Brain-Based Learning in Higher Education Online Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee Winter
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Online Faculty ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Brain Based Learning ◽  
Face To Face Instruction

Higher education has experienced a significant transformation from traditional face-to-face instruction to online instruction. The purpose of this quantitative causal-comparative study was to determine to what extent postsecondary online faculty utilized brain-based learning techniques as part of their academic practices in the online asynchronous learning environment and to assess differences in the use of these techniques between online full-time and online adjunct faculty employed by two public universities and one private university located in the Southwest region of the United States. The theoretical framework of Hart’s (1983) brain-based learning theory (BBLT) informed this study. The sample consisted of 539 accepted and completed surveys. The participants completed 55 questions based on brain-based learning. Quantitative data were collected using Klinek’s (2009) questionnaire about brain-based learning knowledge, beliefs, and practices. The data from the questionnaire measured the online faculty’s knowledge, beliefs, and practices of brain-based learning techniques. The data were analyzed using descriptive information about the sample computing frequencies of the variables. Cronbach’s alpha reliabilities were conducted to complete the descriptive statistics for the first research question. The statistical analysis used for research question two and three was Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) using a 2×2 factorial design to test the hypotheses. The researcher found that there was a significant difference between the BBLT practices of the online faculty from public (M = 3.45) and private universities (M = 3.28), F (1, 294) = 1.62, p = .004, ŋ2 = .044. The study revealed that there is a lack of knowledge about BBLT supporting the need for professional development and training.

scholarly journals Comparative Judicial Emergency Administration during Pandemic Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ibnu Sina Chandranegara
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The United States ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Take The Best ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Court Administration

The Decree of a state of emergency affects not only the executive and legislative branches but also the judiciary. The Covid-19 Pandemic in various countries has both direct and indirect effects on the judiciary, especially in the performance of its duties and functions. This article is to found out the answer of two research question first, how court administration in the United States and Indonesia responds to the Covid-19 pandemic emergency and second, how is its reflection in on optimizing access to justice for court administration even under in the state of emergencies to the pandemic Covid -19. This study uses the comparative method by a study on legal material and practice of judicial emergency in other countries to take the best material and approach to provides advice that needs to be avoided in Indonesian Judiciary. This article has a novelty that legal material in the Judiciary act and procedural law books so limiting delegation to set supplementary regulations for each court and creating potential uniformity for emergency policy in the judiciary.

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: Employment Issues in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Marlene Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Native Hawaiians ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Unemployment Rates

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) in the United States face problems of discrimination, the glass ceiling, and very high long-term unemployment rates. As a diverse population, although some Asian Americans are more successful than average, others, like those from Southeast Asia and Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs), work in low-paying jobs and suffer from high poverty rates, high unemployment rates, and low earnings. Collecting more detailed and additional data from employers, oversampling AAPIs in current data sets, making administrative data available to researchers, providing more resources for research on AAPIs, and enforcing nondiscrimination laws and affirmative action mandates would assist this population.

Mismatched Liberation Theory: A Comparative Method to Explain Increasing Female Crime Share in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 155708512199321
Author(s):  
Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crime Reporting ◽  
Female Crime ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Property Crimes ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Uniform Crime Reporting ◽  
Reporting Data

In this paper, I propose a new theory that ascribes the increasing female crime share to unequal emancipatory advancement between women’s ideological aspirations and institutional means in modern times. Accordingly, it is proposed that an incommensurate pace in progression inflicts gender-specific deprivation on women, which increases their share of crime. The theory is tested with Uniform Crime Reporting data from 1980 to 2017 across offense types. The findings indicate that mismatched liberation increases the female share of violent and property crimes, especially for adult cohorts and among samples after 1988 when women’s ends-means gap was found to be enlarged.

scholarly journals El Nacimiento del Pueblo Mestizo: Critical Discourse on Historical Trauma, Community Resilience and Healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-275
Author(s):  
Lisa Cacari Stone ◽  
Magdalena Avila ◽  
Bonnie Duran
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Historical Trauma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Field Notes

Purpose. Historical trauma has been widely applied to American Indian/Alaska Native and other Indigenous populations and includes dimensions of language, sociocultural, and land losses and associated physical and mental disorders, as well as economic hardships. Insufficient evidence remains on the experiences of historical trauma due to waves of colonization for mixed-race Mexican people with indigenous ancestry (el pueblo mestizo). Research Question. Drawing from our critical lenses and epistemic advantages as indigenous feminist scholars, we ask, “How can historical trauma be understood through present-day discourse of two mestizo communities? What are public health practice and policy implications for healing historical trauma among mestizo populations?” Methodology and Approach. We analyzed the discourse from two community projects: focus groups and ethnographic field notes from a study in the U.S.–Mexico border region (2012–2014) and field notes and digital stories from a service-learning course in northern New Mexico (2016–2018). Findings. Our analysis describes the social and historical experiences of Mexicans, Mexican Americans, Chicanas/os, and Nuevo Mexicano peoples in the southwestern border region of the United States. We found four salient themes as manifestations of “soul-wound”: (1) violence/fear, (2) discrimination/shame, (3) loss, and (4) deep sorrow. Themes mitigating the trauma were community resiliency rooted in “querencia” (deep connection to land/home/people) and “conscientizacion” (critical consciousness). Conclusion. Historical trauma experienced by mestizo Latinx communities is rooted in local cultural and intergenerational narratives that link traumatic events in the historic past to contemporary local experiences. Future public health interventions should draw on culturally centered strength-based resilience approaches for healing trauma and advancing health equity.

scholarly journals Postinterview Communication between Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Programs and Candidates

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana S. Curran ◽  
Pamela B. Andreatta ◽  
Xiao Xu ◽  
Clark E. Nugent ◽  
Samantha R. Dewald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Educational Leaders ◽  
Program Directors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Ethical Conflicts ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
E Mail

Abstract Introduction Residency programs seek to match the best candidates with their positions. To avoid ethical conflicts in this process, the National Residency Matching Program (NRMP or Match) has rules regarding appropriate conduct, including guidelines on contact between candidates and programs. Our study examined communication between obstetrics and gynecology (Ob-Gyn) programs and residency candidates after interviewing and prior to ranking. Methods Ob-Gyn program directors in the United States were sent a self-administered survey via e-mail. Data were collected and analyzed using descriptive methods to examine communication practices of these programs. Results The response rate was 40%. The findings showed that respondents had variable interpretations of the NRMP rules and suggest that programs may be communicating their match intentions especially to favored candidates. Respondents' open text comments highlighted program directors' frustrations with current NRMP rules. Discussion NRMP communication rules are intended to minimize pressure on residency candidates. Our findings suggest they may be leading to unforeseen stresses on program directors and candidates. Conclusions As educational leaders in medicine, we must consider what professional communications are acceptable without increasing the pressure on candidates during the ranking and match process.

County Poverty, Urban–Rural Classification, and the Causes of Term Infant Death

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492199916
Author(s):  
Yousra A. Mohamoud ◽  
Russell S. Kirby ◽  
Deborah B. Ehrenthal
Keyword(s):  
Infant Death ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
County Poverty ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Poverty Levels

Objective Higher mortality among full-term infants (term infant deaths) contributes to disparities in infant mortality between the United States and other developed countries. We examined differences in the causes of term infant deaths across county poverty levels and urban–rural classification to understand underlying mechanisms through which these factors may act. Methods We linked period birth/infant death files for 2012-2015 with US Census poverty estimates and county urban–rural classifications. We grouped the causes of term infant deaths as sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI), congenital malformations, perinatal conditions, and all other causes. We computed the distribution and relative risk of overall and cause-specific term infant mortality rates (term IMRs) per 1000 live births and 95% CIs for county-level factors. Results The increase in term IMR across county poverty and urban–rural classification was mostly driven by an increase in the rate of SUDI. The relative risk of term infant deaths as a result of SUDI was 1.6 (95% CI, 1.5-1.8) times higher in medium-poverty counties and 2.3 (95% CI, 1.2-2.5) times higher in high-poverty counties than in low-poverty counties. Cause-specific IMRs of congenital malformations, perinatal conditions, and death from other causes did not differ by county poverty level. We found similar trends across county urban–rural classification. Sudden infant death syndrome was the main cause of SUDI across both county poverty levels and urban–rural classifications, followed by unknown causes and accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed. Conclusions Interventions aimed at reducing SUDI, particularly in high-poverty and rural areas, could have a major effect on reducing term IMR disparities between the United States and other developed countries.

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