scholarly journals Making Sense of History with Paul Ricœur and Jan Patočka: From the Past, In the Present, Toward the Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-86
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Clorinda Vendra

Paul Ricœur and Jan Patočka are considered among the most important phenomenologists of the 20th century. As with Ricœur, Patočka’s philosophy is shaped by an enduring critical confrontation with Husserl’s phenomenology and Heidegger’s phenomenological analyses of Dasein. The present paper aims at analyzing Ricœur’s and Patočka’s convergences and mutual inspirations in their perspectives on the topic of history. More precisely, I will take up the question of the meaning of history in Ricœur and Patočka as profoundly influenced by their readings of Husserl’s Krisis. Then, the attention will be turned to Ricœur’s concept of historicity and Patočka’s notion of care of the soul as concerns involved in the search for meaning in history as an open-ended mediation. In this context, I will discuss Ricœur’s and Patočka’s critical examination of Heidegger’s conception of thrownness (Geworfenheit) and projection (Entwerfen), that is, Dasein’s already-being-in-the-world and its disclosedness, as necessary concepts for understanding their own philosophical approaches to history.

Literator ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
C. P. Marie

In a recent book published in Montreal, Bachelard ou le Concept Contre l'image, Jean-Pierre Roy suggests that idealists have in recent years attempted a recouping of Bachelard’s works in a way that would proceed from “a humanist ideology of literature” (1977, p.203) and he mentions Georges Poulet, Jean-Pierre Richard and Paul Ricoeur. Indeed he sees a rupture between Bachelard’s approach to works of art and his epistemology, which would place him in the camp of rigorous knowledge, and Jean-Pierre Roy refers to Barthes, Genette and Derrida (1977, p.219). The author of the book concludes that the poetics of Bachelard belong to a time which is anterior to that of his epistemology. This is of course a verdict which allows for the rejection of a mode of thinking which belongs to the past and which cannot be seen flourishing in the future channels of what Marxists hold as the sense of history.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-27
Author(s):  
Roger W. H. Savage

The aporias of time that Paul Ricœur identifies in the conclusion to his three-volume Time and Narrative offer a fecund starting-point from which to consider how the poetics of narrativity figures in a philosophy of the will. By setting the poetics of narrativity against the aporetics of temporality, Ricoeur highlights the narrative art’s operative power in drawing together incidents and events in answer to time’s dispersion across the present, the past, and the future. In turn, the confession of the limits of narrative opens the way to a broader consideration of the idea of the unity of history in the absence of a meta-historical plot. This idea calls for a reflection on the ethical and political imperative of making freedom a reality for all. By taking the theory of freedom’s actualization as a touchstone, I argue that the vision of a reconciled humanity that for Ricœur is the intended object of the poetics of the will acquires the force of a directive idea. The capacity to refashion the real from within thus proves to be decisive for drawing out the connection between the aporetics of temporality, the poetics of narrativity, and Ricœur’s philosophical anthropology.


2014 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 351-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Drzewiecka

The end of eschatology? Searching for a modus existendi according to (post-)modern Bulgarian apocryphaThe paper is an attempt to reflect on the place of eschatological themes in modern and post-modern Bulgarian literature from the viewpoint of the istory of ideas. The objective of the study is literary paraphrases of the evangelical history of the 20th and early 21st centuries, which are perceived as modern apocrypha and thus as evidence of philosophical exploration of the epoch. These are placed in the context of three worldview systems competing in Europe: Judeo-Christian, Gnostic (Esoteric), and rationalistic (the Enlightenment), which considered as a epistemological paradigms (or ideal types) serve only as a hermeneutic perspective. In this light, the authors’ paraphrases about God’s Kingdom (and its Prophet and Messiah) give a diagnosis about the present crisis (of values), and therefore define an evil, speaking in fact about the Bulgarian search for a Modus Existendi. Their soteriological proposal bring about an eschatological perspective, revealing some ethical concepts (hidden in the author’s anthropology). The subject of interest relates to sources of salvation (i.e. the higher good), which manifest itself in the concepts of time (and narrative). Therefore, at the philosophical heart of the paper is Charles Taylor’s idea about the fundamental relation between the concepts of good, self, narrative and society. The analyses are provided in the light of the philosophical reflections of Agata Bielik-Robson, Philip Rieff, Paul Ricoeur, Luis Dupré, and Jacob Taubes.The main aim of the paper is to reveal the progressive process of internalising the sources of salvation, which makes the eschatological perspective disappear. Therefore, after a brief presentation of the Judeo-Christian and Gnostic apocrypha from the first half of the 20th century,in which the promise of (some king of) salvation is still valid, it is shown that most of the Bulgarian apocrypha written after 1989 create an absolutely nihilistic message, since with the help of the positive pattern they give a radically negative interpretation of the world, and thus essentially announce a complete lack of hope for its improvement. Paradoxically however, by creating a world without a good end, by revealing the mechanism of slipping into a Neognostic worldview (based on the reversed Gnostic spiritual monism), the Bulgarian apocrypha illustrate the need for a (re)dynamisation of the axiological sphere, the need for a restoration of multidimensional existence. In consequence, a connection is pointed out – according to Taubes – between the condition of the eschatological man, who pins his hope on the future, and the messianic necessity to approve the ontological leap. Koniec eschatologii? Poszukiwania modus existendi w świetle (po)nowoczesnych apokryfów bułgarskichArtykuł jest próbą refleksji nad miejscem motywów eschatologicznych w nowoczesnej i ponowoczesnej literaturze bułgarskiej z punktu widzenia historii idei. Przedmiotem badania są literackie parafrazy wątków ewangelijnych z XX i początku XXI wieku, które postrzegane są jako nowoczesne apokryfy, i w efekcie jako świadectwa poszukiwań światopoglądowych epoki. Teksty umieszone zostały w kontekście trzech konkurujących ze sobą na gruncie kultury europejskiej światopoglądów: judeochrześcijańskiego, gnostyckiego (ezoterycznego) i racjonalistycznego (oświeceniowego), której wszakże pojęte jako paradygmaty epistemo­logiczne (lub typy idealne) służą jedynie jako perspektywy hermeneutyczne. W tym świetle autorskie parafrazy o Królestwie Bożym (oraz jego proroku i Mesjaszu) budują diagnozę na temat aktualnego kryzysu (wartości) i w efekcie definiują zło, tj. ukazują w istocie bułgarskie poszukiwania Modus Existendi. Ich soteriologiczna propozycja aktualizuje perspektywę eschatologiczną, odsłaniającą koncepcje etyczne (ukryte w autorskiej antropologii). Przed­miotem uwagi są źródła zbawienia (tj. dobro najwyższe), które ujawniają się w koncepcji czasu (i narracji). W konsekwencji, u podstaw badania znajduje się pogląd Charlesa Taylor na temat fundamentalnego związku między koncepcjami dobra, „ja”, narracji i społeczeństwa. Analiza prowadzona jest przez pryzmat refleksji filozoficznej Agaty Bielik-Robson, Philipa Rieffa, Paula Ricoeura, Luisa Dupré i Jacoba Taubesa.Celem artykułu jest ukazanie postępującego procesu uwewnętrzniania źródeł zbawienia, powodującego zanikanie perspektywy eschatologicznej. W konsekwencji, po skrótowej prezentacji apokryfów judeochrześcijańskich i gnostyckich z pierwszej połowy XX wieku, w których to obiet­nica (jakiegoś) zbawienia jest wciąż aktualna, pokazane jest, że większość apokryfów napisanych po 1989 roku tworzy przekaz absolutnie nihilistyczny, ponieważ za pomocą wzoru pozytywnego oferują radykalnie negatywne ujęcie świata i tak w istocie głoszą kompletny brak nadziei na jego poprawę. Paradoksalnie, jednak poprzez stworzenie świata bez dobrego końca, poprzez ujaw­nianie mechanizmu osuwania się w światopogląd neognostycka (oparty o odwrócony gnostycki monizm spirytualistyczny), apokryfy bułgarskie ilustrują potrzebę ponownego zdynamizowania sfery aksjologicznej, potrzebę odbudowania wielkowymiarowości egzystencji. W konsekwencji, wskazany jest związek – w myśl Taubesa – między kondycją człowieka eschatologicznego, który lokuje swą nadzieję w przyszłości, a mesjaniczną potrzebą afirmacji ontologicznego odstępu.


The Eye ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (128) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Gregory DeNaeyer

The world-wide use of scleral contact lenses has dramatically increased over the past 10 year and has changed the way that we manage patients with corneal irregularity. Successfully fitting them can be challenging especially for eyes that have significant asymmetries of the cornea or sclera. The future of scleral lens fitting is utilizing corneo-scleral topography to accurately measure the anterior ocular surface and then using software to design lenses that identically match the scleral surface and evenly vault the cornea. This process allows the practitioner to efficiently fit a customized scleral lens that successfully provides the patient with comfortable wear and improved vision.


Author(s):  
Adrián Bertorello

RESUMENEl trabajo examina críticamente la afirmación central de la hermenéutica de Paul Ricoeur, a saber, que el soporte material de la escritura es el rasgo determinante para que una secuencia discursiva sea considerada como un texto. La escritura cancela las condiciones fácticas de la enunciación y crea, de este modo, un ámbito de sentido estable en el que se puede validar una concepción de la subjetividad que está implicada en las dos estrategias de lecturas (el análisis estructural y la apropiación), esto es, un sujeto pasivo que se constituye por la idealidad del significado. Asimismo, el trabajo intentará precisar una serie de ambigüedades en el uso que Ricoeur hace del «ser en el mundo» para sostener la referencialidad del discurso.PALABRAS CLAVETEXTO, ESCRITURA, REFERENCIA, SUBJETIVIDAD, MUNDOABSTRACTThis paper critically examines the main assertion of Paul Ricoeur´s hermeneutics, i.e., that the material base of writing is the determining feature to consider a discursive sequence as a text. Writing cancels the factual conditions of enunciation and creates, in this way, a background of stable meaning where it is possible to validate a conception of subjectivity implicated in the two reading strategies (the structural analysis and the appropriation), i.e., a passive subject constituted by the ideality of meaning. Likewise, this paper aims to clarify some ambiguities in the way Ricoeur uses the «beings in the world» to support the discourse referentiality.KEY WORDSTEXT, WRITING, REFERENCE, SUBJECTIVITY, WORLD


Author(s):  
Donald C. Williams

This chapter is the first of this book to deal specifically with the metaphysics of time. This chapter defends the pure manifold theory of time. On this view, time is just another dimension of extent like the three dimensions of space, the past, present, and future are equally real, and the world is at bottom tenseless. What is true is eternally true. For example, it is now true that there will be a sea fight tomorrow or that there will not be a sea fight tomorrow. It is argued that the pure manifold theory does not entail fatalism and that contingent statements about the future do not imply that only the past and present exist.


Author(s):  
Mahesh K. Joshi ◽  
J.R. Klein

The world of work has been impacted by technology. Work is different than it was in the past due to digital innovation. Labor market opportunities are becoming polarized between high-end and low-end skilled jobs. Migration and its effects on employment have become a sensitive political issue. From Buffalo to Beijing public debates are raging about the future of work. Developments like artificial intelligence and machine intelligence are contributing to productivity, efficiency, safety, and convenience but are also having an impact on jobs, skills, wages, and the nature of work. The “undiscovered country” of the workplace today is the combination of the changing landscape of work itself and the availability of ill-fitting tools, platforms, and knowledge to train for the requirements, skills, and structure of this new age.


2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
Engin Yilmaz ◽  
Yakut Akyön ◽  
Muhittin Serdar

AbstractCOVID-19 is the third spread of animal coronavirus over the past two decades, resulting in a major epidemic in humans after SARS and MERS. COVID-19 is responsible of the biggest biological earthquake in the world. In the global fight against COVID-19 some serious mistakes have been done like, the countries’ misguided attempts to protect their economies, lack of international co-operation. These mistakes that the people had done in previous deadly outbreaks. The result has been a greater economic devastation and the collapse of national and international trust for all. In this constantly changing environment, if we have a better understanding of the host-virus interactions than we can be more prepared to the future deadly outbreaks. When encountered with a disease which the causative is unknown, the reaction time and the precautions that should be taken matters a great deal. In this review we aimed to reveal the molecular footprints of COVID-19 scientifically and to get an understanding of the pandemia. This review might be a highlight to the possible outbreaks.


Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Rachel Wagner

Here I build upon Robert Orsi’s work by arguing that we can see presence—and the longing for it—at work beyond the obvious spaces of religious practice. Presence, I propose, is alive and well in mediated apocalypticism, in the intense imagination of the future that preoccupies those who consume its narratives in film, games, and role plays. Presence is a way of bringing worlds beyond into tangible form, of touching them and letting them touch you. It is, in this sense, that Michael Hoelzl and Graham Ward observe the “re-emergence” of religion with a “new visibility” that is much more than “simple re-emergence of something that has been in decline in the past but is now manifesting itself once more.” I propose that the “new awareness of religion” they posit includes the mediated worlds that enchant and empower us via deeply immersive fandoms. Whereas religious institutions today may be suspicious of presence, it lives on in the thick of media fandoms and their material manifestations, especially those forms that make ultimate promises about the world to come.


2002 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Judith Middleton-Stewart

There were many ways in which the late medieval testator could acknowledge time. Behind each testator lay a lifetime of memories and experiences on which he or she drew, recalling the names of those ‘they had fared the better for’, those they wished to remember and by whom they wished to be remembered. Their present time was of limited duration, for at will making they had to assemble their thoughts and their intentions, make decisions and appoint stewards, as they prepared for their time ahead; but as they spent present time arranging the past, so they spent present time laying plans for the future. Some testators had more to bequeath, more time to spare: others had less to leave, less time to plan. Were they aware of time? How did they control the future? In an intriguing essay, A. G. Rigg asserts that ‘one of the greatest revolutions in man’s perception of the world around him was caused by the invention, sometime in the late thirteenth century, of the mechanical weight-driven clock.’ It is the intention of this paper to see how men’s (and women’s) perception of time in the late Middle Ages was reflected in their wills, the most personal papers left by ordinary men and women of the period.


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