scholarly journals Sundythen – Olsztyn’s „pagus civitas”

2015 ◽  
Vol 290 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-604
Author(s):  
Alicja Dobrosielska
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Written Sources

This text presents the history of Sundythen from Prussian times to the eighteenth century, indicated the place where probably was a missing village. The name of the village, which is confirmed by sources that Sundythen, Sanditten, Senditten, the other functioning in the literature and folk tales such as Sandyty, Sądy�ty whether Sędyty not exist in written sources or cartographic and should be considered slang. In documents written Sundythen appear for the first time in 1353. in the privilege of the city of Olsztyn. The village functio�ned much earlier, as its name indicates, and the content of Olsztyn location privilege. Sundythen be initially located in the urban forest in the vicinity of settlements and settlement. Not far from the early medieval set�tlement were discovered medieval ceramics, which may indicate existing in this place medieval settlements (XIV–XV.). None, however, by far, of any archaeological evidence the functioning of settlements in modern ti�mes, which can, however, bring on the basis of historical conditions. Written sources are silent about the fate of the village and its inhabitants after 1353. Until the nineteenth century. Only the maps of the sixteenth and seventeenth century. Prove that the village functioned in the modern period. Its destruction caused the death of all residents in the eighteenth century. Plague, as noted in the report Olsztyn magistrate from 1854. In the nineteenth century. Remaining after Sundythen ruins and annotations in municipal documents, the name is confirmed m. In. in the terms of roads (Senditter Wege), which once led to the village. The village is preserved in local memory, her name moved to the forest and settlement, which has been preserved in folk tales, writ�ten mostly in the twentieth century.

scholarly journals John and Edward Troughton, mathematical instrument makers

1973 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
History Of Astronomy ◽  
Instrument Maker ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Geodetic Surveying

During the first quarter of the nineteenth century Edward Troughton (c. 1753-1835, F.R.S. 1810) was the foremost mathematical instrument maker in England, and in the last ten or fifteen years of the eighteenth century he and his older brother John Troughton (c. 1739-1807), then in partnership, ranked second only to the celebrated Jesse Ramsden (c. 1735-1800, F.R.S. 1786). Many examples of their work exist in the collections at Greenwich, South Kensington, Cambridge and Oxford. Edward’s method of ‘original division’, or scale graduation, was a most important contribution, for which he received the Copley Medal, and his major instruments hold an honoured place in the history of astronomy, geodetic surveying and metrology. The modern literature incorporates what seems to have become a traditional version of the Troughton story (Note A), but this is inaccurate in some respects and misleading in others. A more reliable account is therefore desirable and we present here, for the first time, biographical memoirs of John and Edward Troughton based on primary sources and contemporary published information. A brief account of their uncle, John Troughton senior, is also included. Some notes on the dating of Troughton instruments are given in an Appendix.

Mapping the early modern city

Urban History ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Hills
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Patron Saint ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Internal Politics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This paper analyses in their political context the festival decorations created by Paolo Amato, architect to the Senate of Palermo, in 1686 for the festival of the patron saint of that city. One of these decorations, that of the main altar in the cathedral, is of particular interest in that it represents a map of the city itself. An analysis of this map in relation to other seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century maps of Palermo reveals its political and social aim and biases, but also shows that it was unusually up to date and accurate as a representation of the city at that date. Such a representation not only marks a striking cul-de-sac in the history of the development of cartography, but sheds light on the relationship between forging politically acceptable identities for a city and their representation in the early modern period. The map in particular, but all the decorations, or apparati, in general are interpreted in the context of the weakened Spanish empire (to which Sicily belonged) and of the internal politics of the island and of Palermo.

scholarly journals Crimean Gothia in the First Half of the 13th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Aibabin
Keyword(s):  
Southern Coast ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Written Sources

Introduction. The toponym Gothia in written sources from the 8th century was used to designate the territory of the Mountain Crimea inhabited by the Alans and the Goths between Inkerman and the north-eastern suburb of Alushta. The same region was called the Klimata of Cherson and the Klimata of Gothia. Methods. Fragmentary information about Gothia is contained in the “Synopsis of St. Eugenios” compiled by John Lazaropoulos until 1364 and in the “Alanian Epistle” by the bishop Theodore. These works describe the same period in the history of the Gothic Klimata, 1223–1227 and 1223, respectively. Analysis. The considered evidence confirms the entry of Cherson and its subordinate Klimata of Gothia into the empire of Trebizond, at least in the first half of the 13th century. It is methodically incorrect to judge the situation in the Klimata in the first half of the 13th century from the descriptions contained in later sources of what happened in the 14th–15th centuries. The “Epistle” says about the flight of bishop Theodore to an Alanian village neighboring to Cherson. Supporters of identifying the village with the Qırq-Yer fortress remote from the city on the Chufut-Kale plateau ignore geographical and historical realities. Results. There is no evidence of the existence of single-ethnic Gothic and Alanian regions in the mountains and on the southern coast in written sources. In Sudak, Guillaume de Rubrouck was talked about speakers of Teutonic and other languages in the mountains of Crimea. Historian’s allegations about the division of Gothia into two principalities are disproved by the results of archaeological excavations in the territory of Klimata of Gothia. The toponym Klimata is not mentioned in the descriptions of events that occurred after the middle 13th century. However, archaeological excavations of cities on the Inner Ridge revealed the preservation of active and diverse life activities of the population of the region until the end of the 13th century. Probably, the history of the administrative formation of the Klimata of Gothia was interrupted in 1298/99, when Nogai’s troops destroyed Cherson, cities on the Eski-Kermen plateau, Bakla and others.

Commemorating Baghel Singh’s ‘Conquest’ of Delhi: The Fateh Diwas

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-301
Author(s):  
Kanika Singh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Historical Legacy ◽  
Management Committee ◽  
Military Commander ◽  
History Of ◽  
Heritage Politics ◽  
First Time

This article examines the changing importance, in Sikh history, of Baghel Singh, a Sikh military commander in eighteenth-century Punjab, and the significance of the most recent events commemorating him in Delhi—the Fateh Diwas. The Fateh Diwas was a spectacular event organized for the first time in 2014 at the Red Fort in Delhi, by the Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD; Badal)-led Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee. It celebrated the conquest of Delhi by the Sikhs and the unfurling of the Sikh flag on the Red Fort by Baghel Singh. This claim is significant for its timing, symbolism and the historical legacy it seeks to remember. This representation of Baghel Singh also appears in modern paintings on Sikh history which are widely reproduced in popular spheres and also constitute the display in Sikh museums. A comparison of this particular representation of Baghel Singh with that in the nineteenth-century text, Sri Gur Panth Prakash by Ratan Singh Bhangu, is useful in understanding how Baghel Singh’s role has changed in Sikh history and how is it being deployed in contemporary heritage politics.

scholarly journals Narrative sources on the events of the Great patriotic war in the Kuban

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Ju. G. Bich ◽  
T. A. Samsonenko ◽  
E. L. Mishustina
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Difficult Times ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

This article presents the results of studies on the daily history of the Soviet period of our state during the difficult times of World War II. The work considers the southern region of the USSR, the territory of the Krasnodar Territory (the city of Krasnodar and the village of Pavlovskaya.) Some local families left the Kuban at the beginning of the war and left, for example, to evacuate. Others were forced to stay, during the occupation of the region and its capital by the Nazi troops in 1942-1943 they were in the Kuban, in Krasnodar. This article is based on both previously unpublished memoirs of city residents collected by the authors (memoirs by Razinskaya S.A., Zhigir E.G., Morozova E.V., Yesayan M.A.) and published as personal memoirs and diaries (Khudoley I.I., Chalenko K.N.). For the first time, on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the Victory of our country in World War II, an attempt was made to put into scientific circulation these materials, telling about the pre-occupation period of the Territory and the city of Krasnodar, as well as directly the time of the occupation of the southern region by fascist invaders. It is concluded that the stories of ordinary people – eyewitnesses to important historical events, the so-called narrative sources (oral and recorded memoirs, letters, diaries and school essays) provide historians with invaluable material to restore the picture of everyday life of the military historical era.There is no conflict of interests.

The Spanish Guitar in the Newspapers, Novels, Drama and Verse of Eighteenth-Century England

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Christopher Page
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Samuel Pepys

For Paul SparksFor the most part, the history of the Spanish guitar in eighteenth-century England seems to be no history at all. There appears to be little to place between Samuel Pepys and the beginning of the nineteenth century when the six-string guitar emerged as a favoured instrument of the parlour musician. Thus it is widely supposed that the gut-strung guitar was little used in England until Fernando Sor and other foreign players made it fashionable in the decades after Waterloo (1815). This article proposes to correct that deeply entrenched view with a chronological checklist of material, much of it presented in this connection for the first time, that illuminates the fortunes of the guitar in eighteenth-century England, principally London.

Adam Zalužanský’s “De sexu plantarum” (1592): an early pioneering chapter on plant sexuality

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Funk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
English Translation ◽  
History Of Botany ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Botanical History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

In the history of botany, Adam Zalužanský (d. 1613), a Bohemian physician, apothecary, botanist and professor at the University of Prague, is a little-known personality. Linnaeus's first biographers, for example, only knew Zalužanský from hearsay and suspected he was a native of Poland. This ignorance still pervades botanical history. Zalužanský is mentioned only peripherally or not at all. As late as the nineteenth century, a researcher would be unaware that Zalužanský’s main work Methodi herbariae libri tres actually existed in two editions from two different publishers (1592, Prague; 1604, Frankfurt). This paper introduces the life and work of Zalužanský. Special attention is paid to the chapter “De sexu plantarum” of Zalužanský’s Methodus, in which, more than one hundred years before the well-known De sexu plantarum epistola of R. J. Camerarius, the sexuality of plants is suggested. Additionally, for the first time, an English translation of Zalužanský’s chapter on plant sexuality is provided.

A Well-Ordered Thing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Gordin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Classic Work ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Dmitrii Mendeleev (1834–1907) is a name we recognize, but perhaps only as the creator of the periodic table of elements. Generally, little else has been known about him. This book is an authoritative biography of Mendeleev that draws a multifaceted portrait of his life for the first time. As the book reveals, Mendeleev was not only a luminary in the history of science, he was also an astonishingly wide-ranging political and cultural figure. From his attack on Spiritualism to his failed voyage to the Arctic and his near-mythical hot-air balloon trip, this is the story of an extraordinary maverick. The ideals that shaped his work outside science also led Mendeleev to order the elements and, eventually, to engineer one of the most fascinating scientific developments of the nineteenth century. This book is a classic work that tells the story of one of the world's most important minds.

Victorian Pain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Ablow
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Victorian Literature ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Harriet Martineau ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Philosophers ◽  
First Time

The nineteenth century introduced developments in science and medicine that made the eradication of pain conceivable for the first time. This new understanding of pain brought with it a complex set of moral and philosophical dilemmas. If pain serves no obvious purpose, how do we reconcile its existence with a well-ordered universe? Examining how writers of the day engaged with such questions, this book offers a compelling new literary and philosophical history of modern pain. The book provides close readings of novelists Charlotte Brontë and Thomas Hardy and political and natural philosophers John Stuart Mill, Harriet Martineau, and Charles Darwin, as well as a variety of medical, scientific, and popular writers of the Victorian age. The book explores how discussions of pain served as investigations into the status of persons and the nature and parameters of social life. No longer conceivable as divine trial or punishment, pain in the nineteenth century came to seem instead like a historical accident suggesting little or nothing about the individual who suffers. A landmark study of Victorian literature and the history of pain, the book shows how these writers came to see pain as a social as well as a personal problem. Rather than simply self-evident to the sufferer and unknowable to anyone else, pain was also understood to be produced between persons—and even, perhaps, by the fictions they read.

Emotional Cities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Ben Prestel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Urban History ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Global Capital ◽  
Dynamic Transformation ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Between 1860 and 1910, Berlin and Cairo went through a period of dynamic transformation. During this period, a growing number of contemporaries in both places made corresponding arguments about how urban change affected city dwellers’ emotions. In newspaper articles, scientific treatises, and pamphlets, shifting practices, such as nighttime leisure, were depicted as affecting feelings like love and disgust. Looking at the ways in which different urban dwellers, from psychologists to revelers, framed recent changes in terms of emotions, this book reveals the striking parallels between the histories of Berlin and Cairo. In both cities, various authors associated changes in the city with such phenomena as a loss of control over feelings or the need for a reform of emotions. The parallels in these arguments belie the assumed dissimilarity between European and Middle Eastern cities during the nineteenth century. Drawing on similar debates about emotions in Berlin and Cairo, the book provides a new argument about the regional compartmentalization of urban history. It highlights how the circulation of scientific knowledge, the expansion of empires, and global capital flows led to similarities in the pasts of these two cities. By combining urban history and the history of emotions, this book proposes an innovative perspective on the emergence of different, yet comparable cities at the end of the nineteenth century.

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