scholarly journals The speech pathology treatment with alterations of the stomatognathic system

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Irene Marchesan
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Mouth Breathing ◽  
Speech Pathology ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Myofunctional Therapy ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Stomatognathic System ◽  
Tongue Position

This article analyzes differences in orthodontic and craniofacial classifications and the role of the speech-language pathologist in adequately treating those patients with varying Class II and Class III malocclusions. Other symptoms, such as those of mouth breathing and tongue position, are compared and contrasted in order to identify characteristics and treatment issues pertaining to each area. The author emphasizes a team approach to myofunctional therapy and stresses the importance of collaborative treatment.

An evidence-based review of decompressive surgery in acute spinal cord injury: rationale, indications, and timing based on experimental and clinical studies

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Fehlings ◽  
Charles H. Tator
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Decompressive Surgery ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Limited Class ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The authors conducted an evidence-based review of the literature to evaluate critically the rationale and indications for and the timing of decompressive surgery for the treatment of acute, nonpenetrating spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods. The experimental and clinical literature concerning the role of, and the biological rationale for, surgical decompression for acute SCI was reviewed. Clinical studies of nonoperative management of SCI were also examined for comparative purposes. Evidence from clinical trials was categorized as Class I (well-conducted randomized prospective trials), Class II (well-designed comparative clinical studies), or Class III (retrospective studies). Examination of studies in which animal models of SCI were used consistently demonstrated a beneficial effect of early decompressive surgery, although it is difficult to apply these data directly to the clinical setting. The clinical studies provided suggestive (Class III and limited Class II) evidence that decompressive procedures improve neurological recovery after SCI. However, no clear consensus can be inferred from the literature as to the optimum timing for decompressive surgery. Many authors have advocated delayed treatment to avoid medical complications, although good evidence from recent Class II trials indicates that early decompressive surgery can be performed safely without causing added morbidity or mortality. Conclusions. There is biological evidence from experimental studies in animals that early decompressive surgery may improve neurological recovery after SCI, although the relevant interventional timing in humans remains unclear. To date, the role of surgical decompression in patients with SCI is only supported by Class III and limited Class II evidence. Accordingly, decompressive surgery for SCI can only be considered a practice option. Furthermore, analysis of the literature does not allow definite conclusions to be drawn regarding appropriate timing of intervention. Hence, there is a need to conduct well-designed experimental and clinical studies of the timing and neurological results of decompressive surgery for the treatment of acute SCI.

scholarly journals Relation between Angle Class II malocclusion and deleterious oral habits

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
José Tarcísio Lima Ferreira ◽  
Maria do Rosário Ferreira Lima ◽  
Luciana Zappeloni Pizzolato
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Oral Habits ◽  
Angle Class Ii ◽  
Stomatognathic System ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of

INTRODUCTION: Oral habits may interfere on the growth and development of the stomatognathic system and orofacial myofunctional conditions, producing changes in the position of teeth in their dental arches. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to verify the presence of deleterious oral habits in individuals with malocclusion and see if there is a predominance of Class II malocclusion in these individuals. METHODS: The records of 140 patients treated at the Clinic of Preventive Orthodontics FORP-USP who had already completed treatment were randomly selected and analyzed. Their ages ranged from 6 to 10 years and 11 months. Associations were made between the presence or absence of deleterious oral habits, type and number of habits found in each individual and the type of malocclusion according to Angle classification. The statistical analysis used was the Chi-square test with a significance level of 5%. History of deleterious oral habits was found in 67.1% of individuals. RESULTS: The Class I malocclusion was most frequent (82.9%), followed by Class II malocclusion (12.1%) and Class III (5%). CONCLUSION: There was a predominance of Class II malocclusion in individuals with a history of deleterious oral habits.

scholarly journals An evidence-based review of surgical decompression for acute spinal cord injury: rationale, indications, and timing based on experimental and clinical studies

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. E3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Fehlings ◽  
Charles H. Tator
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Surgical Decompression ◽  
Decompressive Surgery ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Limited Class

The authors conducted an evidence-based review of the literature to evaluate critically the rationale and indications for and the timing of decompressive surgery for the treatment of acute, nonpenetrating spinal cord injury (SCI). The experimental and clinical literature concerning the role of, and the biological rationale for surgical decompression for acute SCI was reviewed. Clinical studies of nonoperative management of SCI were also examined for comparative purposes. Evidence from clinical trials was categorized as Class I (well-conducted randomized prospective trials), Class II (well-designed comparative clinical studies), or Class III (retrospective studies). Studies in which animal models of SCI were used consistently demonstrated a beneficial effect of early surgical decompression, although it is difficult to apply these data directly to the clinical setting. The clinical studies provided suggestive (Class III and limited Class II) evidence that decompressive procedures improve neurological recovery after SCI. However, no clear consensus can be inferred from the literature as to the optimum timing of decompressive surgery. Many authors have advocated delayed treatment to avoid medical complications, although there is good evidence from recent Class II trials that early decompressive surgery can be performed safely without added morbidity or mortality. There is biological evidence from experimental studies in animals that early surgical decompression may improve neurological recovery after SCI, although the relevant interventional timing in humans remains unclear. To date, the role of surgical decompression in patients with SCI is only supported by Class III and limited Class II evidence. Accordingly, decompressive surgery for SCI can only be considered a practice option. Furthermore, analysis of the literature does not allow definite conclusions to be drawn regarding appropriate timing of intervention. Hence, there is a need to conduct well-designed experimental and clinical studies of the timing and neurological results of surgical decompression for the treatment of acute SCI.

New Frontiers and Emerging Technologies in Comprehensive Voice Care

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vrushali Angadi ◽  
Joseph Stemple
Keyword(s):  
Voice Disorders ◽  
Voice Therapy ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Treatment Team ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

The nature of voice therapy has progressed since the 1930s when treatment for voice disorders was chiefly in the medical domain. The role of the speech-language-pathologist (SLP) in the treatment of voice disorders has evolved steadily over the years with advances in diagnosis and the growing base of evidence in the literature with respect to treatment. The speech-language pathologist is now an important part of the treatment team that includes the otolaryngologist, singing teacher, vocal coach, and other allied health professionals. This team approach has improved patient care with a greater focus on the individual that goes beyond the disorder. In this article, we will provide a brief history of the evolution of voice therapy that encompasses the past and present, as well as providing directions for the future.

scholarly journals Evidence-based review of the role of reoperation in the management of malignant glioma

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. E13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford B. Soults ◽  
Greg S. Canute ◽  
Timothy C. Ryken
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Malignant Glioma ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Key Words Glioblastoma

Using an evidence-based approach to available clinical studies, the authors examined the role of reoperation in the management of malignant glioma. A review of 1270 Medline-referenced articles spanning the period from 1966 through March 1998 was undertaken using the key words “glioblastoma” and “astrocytoma.” Using an evidence-based four-tiered grading system, the authors found only 14 articles that met their inclusion criteria. Of these, 11 were graded as Class III (retrospective case series) and three as Class II (prospective nonrandomized studies). There were no Class I reports (randomized clinical trials), and all Class IV reports (opinion reports) were excluded. The authors of 10 Class III and one Class II articles supported the role of reoperation in increasing survival time or quality of life in selected patients; however, the results of multivariate analysis in two Class II and one Class III article did not support prolonged survival. The authors conclude that there was insufficient evidence to support either a standard or a guideline for reoperation in malignant glioma given the current status of the literature. Selection bias was a major factor in these studies. With continued interest in clinical trials for recurrent malignant glioma, the role of reoperation needs to be addressed in case-controlled or randomized fashion to establish either standards or guidelines on this commonly debated issue.

The Role of Morning Plasma Cortisol in Obesity: A Bi-directional Mendelian Randomization Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui QI ◽  
Bin CUI ◽  
Min CAO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Obesity Class

Abstract Context Cortisol, an important hormone regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, is associated with obesity. However, it is unclear whether the relationship between cortisol and obesity is causal or could be explained by reverse causality. Objective This work aims to assess the role of morning plasma cortisol in clinical classes of obesity. Methods In this bi-directional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study, cortisol-associated genetic variants were obtained from the CORtisol NETwork consortium (n = 12,597). The primary outcomes were obesity class I (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2), class II (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m 2), and class III (BMI ≥ 40kg/m 2). Inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was used as the main analysis, with weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO as sensitivity analyses. Conversely, genetic variants predicting clinical classes of obesity were applied to the cortisol GWAS. Results Genetically predicted cortisol was associated with reduced risk of obesity class I (OR = 0.905; 95% CI, 0.865-0.946; p < 0.001). Evidence from bi-directional MR showed that obesity class II and class III were associated with lower cortisol levels ((class II-cortisol OR = 0.953; 95% CI, 0.923-0.983; p = 0.002); (class III-cortisol OR = 0.955; 95% CI, 0.942-0.967; p < 0.001)), indicating reverse causality between cortisol and obesity. Conclusions This study demonstrates that cortisol is negatively associated with obesity and vice versa. Together, these findings suggest that blunted morning plasma cortisol secretion may be responsible for severe obesity. Regulating morning plasma secretion might be a prevention measure for obese people.

The emerging role of class II histone deacetylases

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Fischle ◽  
Veronique Kiermer ◽  
Franck Dequiedt ◽  
Eric Verdin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferases ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling ◽  
Class I Hdacs ◽  
Shed Light

Histone acetylation and deacetylation play essential roles in modifying chromatin structure and regulating gene expression in all eukaryotes. Several histone acetyltransferases have been identified that act as transcriptional coactivators. In contrast, histone deacetylases (HDACs) are part of transcriptional corepressor complexes. Based on their similarity to known yeast factors, the human HDACs are grouped into three classes. Class I HDACs are similar to the yeast transcriptional repressor yRPD3, while class II HDACs are related to yHDA1 and class III HDACs to ySIR2. In this review, we focus on the biology of class II HDACs. These newly discovered enzymes have been implicated in cell differentiation and development, and many molecular details are emerging that shed light on class II HDAC function and regulation. We discuss the biological role of these factors in the context of physiological processes.Key words: transcriptional regulation, histone deacetylases, class II HDACs, nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, MEF2.

scholarly journals The Syntactic Distribution of Object Experiencer Psych Verbs in Heritage Spanish

Languages ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Becky Halloran Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Semantic Representations ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Heritage Languages ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Psych Verbs

This paper contributes to our understanding of the grammatical architecture of heritage languages and, specifically, the role of lexical semantics, by examining the syntactic distribution of Spanish psych verbs. Object experiencer psych verbs in Spanish fall into two classes: Class II (e.g., molestar “to bother”) and Class III (e.g., encantar “to love”). Class II verbs allow numerous syntactic alternations, while Class III verbs are more restricted syntactically. The asymmetry under investigation here is attributed to a lexical semantic featural difference—Class II verbs can be [±change of state], while Class III verbs are always [−change of state]. Two groups of HSs, (intermediate (n = 21) and advanced (n = 18)), and a group of Spanish dominant bilinguals (n = 19) completed two judgment tasks, a standard proficiency measure, a vocabulary task, and a biographical questionnaire. Results reveal that the responses of both HS groups are consistent with the Spanish dominant bilinguals in nearly all conditions, indicating that HSs are highly sensitive to this syntactic distribution. These results also highlight the importance of considering the results of individual verbs in studies that focus on lexical semantics, as they not only help us understand aggregate trends, but also reveal, in this case, that even in cases of deviant underlying semantic representations, licensing restrictions at the syntax-lexical semantic interface remain intact, suggesting that this is an area of resilience in the Heritage Spanish grammar.

The role of myofunctional therapy in speech pathology

1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Roberta Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Speech Pathology ◽  
Myofunctional Therapy ◽  
Speech Pathologists

In recent years, there has been a trend toward increased awareness of oral myofunctional disorders by members of the speech pathology profession. We will look briefly at the historical involvement of speech pathologists in the diagnosis and treatment of oral myofunctional disorders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document