scholarly journals A multi-methodological approach to studying time-pressure in written translation: Manipulation and measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Weng ◽  
Binghan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Translation Research ◽  
Psychological Measures ◽  
Task Instructions ◽  
Psychometric Instruments ◽  
Skin Response

The effect of time pressure on task performance of written translation has been researched since the 1990s. However, little attention has been paid to the methodological issues of manipulating and measuring time pressure in these empirical studies. To bridge this gap, we propose a methodological framework involving diverse approaches to time-pressure manipulation and measurement. Specifically, in addition to objectively constraining the time frame for a task, we present three subjective time-pressure manipulation strategies: giving pre-task instructions about time, increasing participants’ intrinsic motivation for the task, and visualizing the elapse of time. Meanwhile, a range of feasible methods of time-pressure measurement is structured from the physiological, psychological and behavioural perspectives. This includes physiological measures such as galvanic skin response, heart rate, blood pressure, pupil dilation and salivary cortisol test, psychological measures such as psychometric instruments and retrospective questionnaires, and behavioural measures such as eye movements and keystroke activities. Based on a thorough survey of existing studies and the merits borrowed from neighbouring disciplines, this article aims to strengthen and enrich the methodology of time-pressure studies and benefit future translation research on relevant topics.

scholarly journals The application of social innovation in healthcare: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindi van Niekerk ◽  
Lenore Manderson ◽  
Dina Balabanova
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Conceptual Clarity

Abstract Background Social innovation has been applied increasingly to achieve social goals, including improved healthcare delivery, despite a lack of conceptual clarity and consensus on its definition. Beyond its tangible artefacts to address societal and structural needs, social innovation can best be understood as innovation in social relations, in power dynamics and in governance transformations, and may include institutional and systems transformations. Methods A scoping review was conducted of empirical studies published in the past 10 years, to identify how social innovation in healthcare has been applied, the enablers and barriers affecting its operation, and gaps in the current literature. A number of disciplinary databases were searched between April and June 2020, including Academic Source Complete, CIHAHL, Business Source Complete Psych INFO, PubMed and Global Health. A 10-year publication time frame was selected and articles limited to English text. Studies for final inclusion was based on a pre-defined criteria. Results Of the 27 studies included in this review, the majority adopted a case research methodology. Half of these were from authors outside the health sector working in high-income countries (HIC). Social innovation was seen to provide creative solutions to address barriers associated with access and cost of care in both low- and middle-income countries and HIC settings in a variety of disease focus areas. Compared to studies in other disciplines, health researchers applied social innovation mainly from an instrumental and technocratic standpoint to foster greater patient and beneficiary participation in health programmes. No empirical evidence was presented on whether this process leads to empowerment, and social innovation was not presented as transformative. The studies provided practical insights on how implementing social innovation in health systems and practice can be enhanced. Conclusions Based on theoretical literature, social innovation has the potential to mobilise institutional and systems change, yet research in health has not yet fully explored this dimension. Thus far, social innovation has been applied to extend population and financial coverage, principles inherent in universal health coverage and central to SDG 3.8. However, limitations exist in conceptualising social innovation and applying its theoretical and multidisciplinary underpinnings in health research. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Solution to the Equity Premium Puzzle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atilla Aras
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Equity Premium ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Relative Risk Aversion ◽  
Equity Premium Puzzle ◽  
Time Discount ◽  
Premium Puzzle

This study provides a solution of the equity premium puzzle. Questioning the validity of the Arrow-Pratt measure of relative risk aversion for detecting the risk behavior of investors, a new tool in the form of the sufficiency factor of the model was developed to analyze the risk behavior of investors. The calculations of this newly tested model show that the value of the coefficient of relative risk aversion is 1.033526 by assuming the value of the subjective time discount factor as 0.99. Since these values are compatible with the existing empirical studies, they confirm the validity of the newly derived model that provides a solution to the equity premium puzzle.

A Methodological Approach to Analyzing Digital Game-Based FL Use and Learning

2022 ◽  
pp. 192-213
Author(s):  
Karim Hesham Shaker Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Learning Potential ◽  
Digital Gaming ◽  
Potential Reason ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
Linguistic Behavior ◽  
Reconstruction Model

The potential of digital gaming to facilitate foreign language (FL) learning has been established in many empirical investigations; however, the pedagogical implications of these investigations remain rather limited. A potential reason for this limitation is that the FL learning potential of digital games is embedded in the gaming ecology and shaped by different forces in that ecology. However, to date most empirical studies in the field have focused primarily on the linguistic behavior of gamers rather than the gaming ecology. A potential reason for this is the lack of a robust methodological approach to examining game-based language use as an ecological, multidimensional activity. To address this research gap, this chapter proposes the diamond reconstruction model, a dynamic, multidimensional, and ecology-sensitive approach to de- and re-constructing game-based FL use. Grounded in theories of gameplay, and informed by a conceptual model of game-based FL use, the model reconstructs gameplay episodes by gathering detail-rich data on social, cognitive, and virtual dimensions.

scholarly journals Latin American Cities: From Subservient Reproductions to Intercontinental Dialogues

Humanities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clovis Ultramari ◽  
Fernanda Cantarim ◽  
Manoela Jazar
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academic Exchange ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

This paper investigates the circulation of ideas regarding the city among selected countries in Latin America. It discusses convergences between academic and scientific institutions and investigative weakness in partnerships between Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. It identifies two historical moments: one of vertical dialogues between Latin America and central countries in the elaboration of urban plans (20th century) and another of contemporary academic exchange signalling a horizontal dialogue that is fragile and sporadic but distinct from those observed in the past. Empirical reference is obtained from the analysis of scientific events and papers published by distinguished post-graduate programs concerning urban topics in selected countries, during the time frame of 2000–2015. The methodological approach is based on a bibliographic review and content analysis. Results indicate that the old “one-way” of transfer of urban planning ideas from central countries to Latin America is changing; slowly, the continent has been growing more independent in terms of knowledge creation and circulation.

scholarly journals New Telework, Time Pressure, and Time Use Control in Everyday Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Thulin ◽  
Bertil Vilhelmson ◽  
Martina Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time

This study explores how changing conditions for home-based telework affect the quality of life and social sustainability of workers in terms of time pressure and time use control in everyday life. Changing conditions concern the spread of telework to new types of jobs of a more routine character, involving new practices of unregulated work and anytime smartphone access. Empirically, we draw on survey data from a sample of 456 home-based teleworkers employed by six governmental agencies in Sweden. Results indicate that subjective time pressure is not associated with job type in terms of distinguishing between bounded case work and more independent analytical work. Time pressure is intensified by family-related factors, telework performed outside of working hours, and part-time work, and is moderated by the private use of smartphones. We find no significant associations between subjective time use control, job qualifications, and teleworking practice. Family situation and having small children at home reduce time use control. Also, high levels of smartphone use for work-related purposes are associated with reduced control.

scholarly journals Comparing Timber and Lumber from Plantation and Natural Stands of Ponderosa Pine

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Eini C. Lowell ◽  
Christine L. Todoroki ◽  
Ed Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Natural Stand ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Natural Stands

Abstract Data derived from empirical studies, coupled with modeling and simulation techniques, were used to compare tree and product quality from two stands of small-diameter ponderosa pine trees growing in northern California: one plantation, the other natural. The plantation had no management following establishment, and the natural stand had no active management. Fifty trees of similar diameter classes were selected from each site, measured, bucked into logs, and sawn into boards, and the boards were scanned for defects. Trees from the plantation stand demonstrated less variability in tree height, crown length, and age structure. The plantation trees were on average 4 years younger than their natural cohorts, yet for all but the smallest diameter there were no significant differences between mean tree height or crown length. Predicted merchantable volumes differed significantly for the largest diameter class. Merchantable volume was estimated to be 5% greater for the plantation trees than for the natural stand trees. More logs were bucked from the plantation stands, resulting in greater lumber production and greater value overall. Butt logs from the plantation stand had an average of 9 whorls per log, whereas natural butt logs averaged 10 whorls per log. The most numerous defects, outnumbering knots and wane, were needle traces. These occupied some 31% of natural board surface area, in comparison with 19% for plantation boards. Given the shorter time frame required to grow plantation trees, the greater merchantable volumes, and more consumer-acceptable defects, plantation stands, even with a minimal level of management, offer greater product potential than natural stands.

The Globalization of Popular Music, 1960-2010: A Multilevel Analysis of Music Flows

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Verboord ◽  
Amanda Brandellero
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Music Production ◽  
Star Power ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Individual

This study offers a cross-national multilayered analysis of music flows between 1960 and 2010. Advancing on previous empirical studies of cultural globalization, it attends to the global and country level, while adding the individual level of music flows. Concretely, the authors analyze the international composition of pop charts in nine countries by (a) mapping trends, (b) comparing countries, and (c) conducting multivariate analyses. The results show that pop charts increasingly contain foreign music, with the exception of the United States. Explanatory analyses of foreign success confirm that limited cultural distance results in greater flow as found in film and television studies, while revealing additional positive impacts of centrality of production (e.g., artists from more “central” countries in music production are more likely to chart abroad) and the “star power” of artists. Both the innovative methodological approach and findings of this article offer promising research avenues for globalization, media industry, and celebrity studies.

scholarly journals Capturing moment-to-moment changes in multivariate human experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi M. P. De Ruiter ◽  
Steffie Van Der Steen ◽  
Ruud J. R. Den Hartigh ◽  
Paul L. C. Van Geert
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Behavioural Development ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Parental Connectedness

In this article, we aim to shed light on a technique to study intra-individual variability that spans the time frame of seconds and minutes, i.e., micro-level development. This form of variability is omnipresent in behavioural development and processes of human experience, yet is often ignored in empirical studies, given a lack of proper analysis tools. The current article illustrates that a clustering technique called Kohonen’s Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), which is widely used in fields outside of psychology, is an accessible technique that can be used to capture intra-individual variability of multivariate data. We illustrate this technique with a case study involving self-experience in the context of a parent–adolescent interaction. We show that, with techniques such as SOM, it is possible to reveal how multiple components of an intra-individual process (the adolescent’s self-affect and autonomy) are non-linearly connected across time, and how these relationships transition in accordance with a changing contextual factor (parental connectedness) during a single interaction. We aim to inspire researchers to adopt this technique and explore the intra-individual variability of more developmental processes, across a variety of domains, as deciphering such micro-level processes is crucial for understanding the nature of psychological and behavioural development.

scholarly journals Model of Description of Subjective Pain Experience Based on Autobiographical Memories about It

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
A. I. Chuloshnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Systematic Description ◽  
Subjective Pain ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Subjective Phenomenon

The paper examines a systematic description of pain as a subjective phenomenon, and suggests the model to describe this experience in a full and systematic manner. Methodological problems of present day researches of pain related to fixation on subjective phenomenology have been articulated. A possible set of phenomenological parameters of pain has been suggested on the basis of findings of empirical studies making grounds for theoretical basis for description of a subjective perception of pain. The content of autobiographical memories about pain has been proposed to be used as a methodological approach enabling to study subjective nature of pain experience. On the basis of stories about pain handled with the help of content analysis a model of systematic description of pain is composed based on a theoretical model of a systematic description of psyche by V. A. Ganzen.

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