Soldaten und Garnisonen. Das Militär und sein ziviles Umfeld

2021 ◽  
pp. 295-329
Author(s):  
Willibald Rosner
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Citizen Soldiers ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Constitutional Monarchy

Soldiers and Garrisons. The Military and its Civilian Environment. This chapter outlines a regional military history of Lower Austria in the 19th century. In the context of history of the k. k. and later k. u. k. Army, peacetime relations between the land and the military are presented in two particular areas. The chapter’s first section focuses on the land’s recruitment and its transformation from a system based on forced conscription by a late-absolutist system to a constitutional monarchy employing citizen soldiers. In a second section, the phenomenon of the garrison illustrates the interdependence of the military and its civilian environment in public, social and economic life. In both sections, the question of the militarization of society is also explored. The surprisingly high incidence of individuals unfit for service and the significantly lower number of actual conscripts demand as much consideration as the economic importance of a garrison for the towns of Lower Austria in last third of the 19th century.

DON HERO OF KABARDINO ORIGIN DAVID GRIGORIEVICH BEGIDOV: A GLORIOUS BEGINNING OR CURVED ANGLES IN A DIRECT BIOGRAPHY

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
A.V. Zakharevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Military History ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The article is devoted to the history of the famous Kabardian Uzden (nobleman) and the Don Cossack hero of the Russian army of the era of the Napoleonic wars and the military history of the Don Cossacks of the late 18th - first half of the 19th century, General D.G. Begidov (1778-1838). The author researched the history of history and archival sources about the origin and early years of the biography of D.G. Begidov and paid the main attention to his participation in the Napoleonic wars among the Cossacks of the Ataman regi-ment under the command of the legendary Cossack hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 - Ataman M.I. Platov.

The 1884–1890 letters of the brethren of New Athos Monastery, named after Simon the Canaanean, to Archimandrite Leonid (worldly Lev Kavelin)

2021 ◽  
pp. 275-294
Author(s):  
Marina S. Krutova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Prominent Scientist ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Library ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Trinity

The Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library contains letters of Hegumen Ieron (worldly Ivan Nosov-Vasil’yev), Schemamonk Innokentiy (worldly last name — Sibiryakov) and Iosif the monk, the brethren of New Athos Monastery, named after Simon the Canaanean, to Archimandrite Leonid (worldly Lev Kavelin), Rector of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, a prominent scientist, a prominent scholar of the Russian Orthodox Church, one of the most enlightened priests of the 19th century. In 1885, the book “Abkhazia and New Athos Monastery, Named after Simon the Canaanean, in It” by Archimandrite Leonid was a real event. The published letters were written by the brethren of the monastery, people of different cultural levels; but they are all imbued with a sense of gratitude to the author, who wrote a book about their holy monastery, which they love and care about the improvement of. Hegumen Ieron’s letters contain numerous details about the opening of Pitsunda Monastery as a skete of New Athos Monastery, about the restoration of the ancient Pitsunda temple, about its beautification and the forthcoming consecration. Schemamonk Innokentiy’s letters provide detailed information about the history of the Monastery, as well as some cartographic data needed by Archimandrite Leonid for his book. Monk Iosif ’s letter contains details of the economic life of the monastery.

Deutsche Siedler im Tiflis des 19. Jahrhunderts

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
Nino Tschogoschwili
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

AbstractThe article sheds a new light on the history of German settlers in Tiflis of the 19th century. The main focus lies on emphasizing the important role these settlers played in cultural and economic life of the city. The records the emigrants left behind, depict in vivid tints the circumstances of their existence. Most of the Germans in Tiflis were craftsmen and merchants, others earned their life, for instance, as teacher, scientist, pastor, painter, musician or as enterpriser and man of business. Short biographies of some of the most outstanding characters round off the article.

scholarly journals Otto von Bismarck and Germany Militarization (Legislative Formalization of the Military Reform in Germany in the 80s of the 19th century)

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
V. G. Baev
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Military Reform ◽  
German Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Otto Von Bismarck ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Further Development

The history of Germany of the second half of the 19th century and the activities of Otto von Bismarck form an integral unit, provided we bear in mind the process of Germany becoming a centralized state. The author argues that the attainment of German unity could only be achieved on the paths of war with Austria and France. This implies why military reform in Germany has been given so much attention.This study is focused on the second stage of military reform — the strengthening of the German army after the establishment of a centralized state. The author poses the question: if the “German issue” was resolved, what was the need for further armament? The Bismarck Government in 1874 and 1881 successfully sought from Parliament the adoption of septennat laws (seven years of funding for the army). But in 1887 the Parliament refused to extend the septennat. The author uses Bismarck’s collection of political speeches in the Reichstag as the main source of research. It is an important source of official origin, reflecting the approaches of not only of the subject of Bismarck’s legislative initiative, but also of Germany’s ruling elite.A point of view about Bismarck as vehicle of Germanic militarism prevails in historical literature. As a result of the analysis of the debate on the draft law, the author concludes that Bismarck’s military policy was dictated not so much by the militaristic nature of his personality, but by the necessity of strengthening the military potential of Germany, surrounded by strong adversaries, to defend its sovereignty. For the further development of events, the Chancellor who had been removed from his office, cannot be held responsible. The tragedy of Bismarck-era Germany is expressed in the fact that he failed to prepare a successor capable of leading the country during a period of crisis.

scholarly journals To the History of Samara Desert-Nicholas Monastery Archive and Book Collections

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Mykolaivna Luchka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Life ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Culture Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Great Damage

The works by archimandrites Havriil (V. F. Rozanov) and Feodosiy (O. G. Makarevsky), historians A. O. Skalkovsky, D. I. Yavornitsky and V. O. Bidnov were the first documents on the history of the monastery (Novomoskovsk, Dnipropetrovsk Region). The monastery suffered from raids, fires, epidemics and robberies. The monastic archives were largely lost in the military operations. A lot of original documents didnʼt survive. The epidemic of 1750 did a great damage. The paper archive, infected things and monastery items were burned. The archive consisted of clerical documents, volumes of ancient laws, manuscripts and correspondence. The archive contained some other documents of great importance. They are so-called Universals, 11 statements with seals of Zaporizhian Sich Kosh (Leader) and priorsʼ complaints. The monastery archive contained manuscripts by the last Kosh Otaman (leader) − P. Kalnyshevsky. The archive included documents of state and local authorities and supreme church governing boards – reports, orders, decrees, warrants referring to the monastery property, inventories of monastery household items. A certain percentage of documents was correspondence among priors referring to internal discipline and economic life of the monastery. The names of famous visitors of the monastery are known: archimandrites Havriil and Feodosiy, A. O. Skalkovsky, A. P. Chirkov, P. M. Sochinskiy, V. D. Mashukov, D. I. Yavornitsky and V. O. Bidnov. They worked with documents and left published articles, essays and reviews. Except manuscripts the monastery had printed editions. The monastery library kept 150 liturgical books of Kyiv and Moscow publishing of the 17th − 18th centuries. Six printed books from Samara Desert-Nicholas Monastery are kept in Dnipropetrovsk National Historical Museum. The library collection of the 19th century was quite big. The research of the archive and the library of the monastery give an opportunity to highlight some of the unknown facts on library science and find rare editions of Ukrainian culture heritage.

P. R. Brahmananda. Money, Income, Prices in 19th Century India. Mumbai: Himalaya Publishing House, 2001. 744 pages. Hardbound. Indian Rs 1800.00.

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazal Husain
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Money Income ◽  
Present Book ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Money, income, and prices are important macroeconomic variables that play a crucial roles in an economy. The trends in money supply, movements in prices, changes in nominal and real income, as well as their interrelationships affect the economic life and well-being of a nation. The compilation of data on these magnitudes over long periods of time along with the supporting analysis is what constitutes monetary history. The present book by P. R. Brahmananda has carried out such an exercise for India. In presenting the monetary history of India, the author has kept the pioneering work of Milton Friedman and Anna Shwartz as a model for his work, and has comprehensively treated the 19th century events and experiences of the then Indian Subcontinent in the monetary and related areas. In the process, more than 200 time series of different variables have been brought together. The book not only contains a narrative account including the summary of the various viewpoints before the currency committees, and a detailed chronology of the period, but also examines the pros and cons of the various controversies of that period. Moreover, it subjects the empirical evidence to econometric testing of several important hypotheses of the modern-day monetary theory.

scholarly journals La botica del monasterio cisterciense de Santa María de La Oliva (Navarra)

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-197
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Garde
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Monastic Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Taking Care

RESUMEN Este trabajo recupera la historia de la botica del monasterio cisterciense de La Oliva desde su fundación en el siglo xvi hasta su definitiva desaparición en el xix. Aunque nada queda de aquella botica, los documentos acreditan que tuvo un desarrollo y funcionamiento acorde con la importancia de la abadía, atendiendo la salud de la comunidad monástica y de sus criados, así como de los vecinos de varios pueblos colindantes y otras personas necesitadas. Finalmente se transcribe y analiza el inventario de fármacos y efectos de la botica, confiscados y entregados al Cuerpo de Sanidad Militar (Farmacia) en 1836 tras la desamortización de Mendizábal. LABURPENA Lan honek La Olivako monasterio zistertarreko botikaren historia berreskuratzen du, xvi. mendean sortu zenetik xix. mendean behin betiko desagertu zen arte. Botika haren ezer geratzen ez den arren, dokumentuek frogatzen dute abadiaren garrantziaren araberako garapena eta funtzionamendua izan zuela, komunitate monastikoaren eta haren morroien osasuna zainduz, baita inguruko herrietako bizilagunena eta beste pertsona behartsu batzuena ere. Azkenik, Mendizabalen desamortizazioaren ondoren 1836an konfiskatu eta Farmazia Militarrari emandako botiken eta botikako gauzen inbentarioa transkribatzen eta aztertzen da. ABSTRACT This paper retrieves the history of the apothecary of the Cistercian monastery of La Oliva since its establishment in the 16th century until its final disappearance in the 19th century. Nothing remains of that apothecary but some documents prove that it had a development and was operated in accordance with the importance of the abbey, by taking care of the health of the monastic community and its servants, as well as of the neighbours of several neighbouring towns and other needy people Finally, the inventory of drugs and effects of the apothecary is transcribed and analyzed, confiscated and delivered to the Military Pharmacy in 1836 after the confiscation of Mendizábal.

THE ROLE OF THE AMUDARYA FLEET IN THE ECONOMIC LIFE OF THE EMIRATE OF BUKHARA AT THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY - THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Shukhrat Allamuratov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article deals with the history of the establishment of the Amu Darya flotilla, its economic significance in the life of the Bukhara emirate and its role in the transportation of military and commercial cargo on the banks of the Amu Darya

Abkhazia in books published by Russian authors of the 19th century

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-91
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Sh. Avidzba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

An analytical review of books dedicated to Abkhazia written by the 19th century Russian authors is presented in the article. Information about the history and culture of Abkhazia as well as of other regions of the Caucasus and parts of southern Russia can be found in the publications. The material under review revealed a trend of increasing interest in Abkhazia among Russian authors. If in the first half of the said century, information about Abkhazia had been published only in two books, all other books date back to the second half of the century. Their authors include the military, state officials, publicists, scientists, people of civil professions and religious figures. As a rule, they would write about the history of Abkhazia, the ethnographic and religious condition of the region; they reported on the ethnic composition of the peoples (tribes), the number, borders, monuments of Christian architecture; to a lesser extent, they paid attention to the political structure of the Abkhazian principality. Many of them wrote about the dramatic events of the 1860s and 1870s. Despite the fact that the books included in the review are not scientifically and artistically equivalent, they can serve as a significant source for the study of the history and culture of 19th-century Abkhazia as a whole.

“The Best Collected Library of other Guards Regiment” (About the Library of Officer Assembly of the Finnish Regiment Life Guards)

2010 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Anatoliy M. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Editorial Staff ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Journal Publications ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The editorial staff of the journal “Library Science” has already addressed to the subject of officer libraries in the army of the first half of the 19th century [21]. The article is concerned with the history of creation and development of the library of officer assembly of the Finnish regiment Life-Guards. The work continues journal publications [11-14, 19, 20, 22] on the history of the military libraries of Russian army.

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