scholarly journals Implantação do esgotamento sanitário, impacto na taxa de mortalidade infantil

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruy Fernandes Azevedo ◽  
Flávia Melo Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Care Information ◽  
Rate Method ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Municipal Health

Objetivo: avaliar o impacto da implantação do serviço de esgotamento sanitário na taxa de mortalidade infantil. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, analítico, exploratório, de corte longitudinal. Elencaram-se, como amostra crianças na faixa etária de 0-1 ano de idade. Utilizou-se, como instrumento da pesquisa, o levantamento de dados disponíveis na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde (SMS) e Serviço de Informação da Atenção Básica (SIAB), no DATASUS, no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e na Empresa Baiana de Água e Saneamento (EMBASA). Restringiu-se a abrangência a um período variando entre 2006 a 2017. Utilizou-se o programa BioEstat 5.0., para análise dos dados. Resultados: revela-se que ocorreu uma redução na taxa de mortalidade infantil (TMI), entre os anos de 2006 a 2017, após a implantação do serviço de esgotamento sanitário. Detalha-se que houve uma associação linear inversa, significativa (p<0,01) e de alta magnitude (r= -0,92) entre a taxa de mortalidade infantil e ano. Conclusão: conclui-se que o investimento em saneamento básico é fator importante na redução da mortalidade infantil. Descritores: Saneamento Básico; Mortalidade Infantil; Água; TMI; Contaminação; Enfermagem.ABSTRACTObjective: to evaluate the impact of the implementation of sewage service on the infant mortality rate. Method: this is a quantitative, analytical, exploratory, longitudinal study. The sample included children aged zero to one year old. The research instrument used was the survey of data available at the Municipal Health Secretariat (MHS) and the Primary Care Information Service (PCIS), DATASUS, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Bahia Company of Water and Sanitation (EMBASA). The scope was restricted to a period ranging from 2006 to 2017. BioEstat 5.0 was used for data analysis. Results: it is revealed that there was a reduction in the infant mortality rate (IMR), from 2006 to 2017, after the implementation of the sewage service. It is noted that there was a significant inverse linear association (p <0.01) and high magnitude (r = -0.92) between infant mortality rate and year. Conclusion: it is concluded that investment in basic sanitation is an important factor in reducing infant mortality. Descriptors: Basic Sanitation; Infant Mortality; Water; CMR; Contamination; Nursing.RESUMENObjetivo: evaluar el impacto de la implementación del servicio de alcantarillado sanitario en la tasa de mortalidad infantil. Método: este es un estudio cuantitativo, analítico, exploratorio, de cohorte longitudinal. La muestra incluyó niños de 0 a 1 años. El instrumento de investigación utilizado fue la encuesta de datos disponibles en la Secretaría Municipal de Salud (SMS) y el Servicio de Información de Atención Primaria (SIAB), en DATASUS, el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE) y la Compañía de Bahía. Agua y Saneamiento (EMBASA). El alcance se restringió a un período comprendido entre 2006 y 2017. Se utilizó el programa BioEstat 5.0, para el análisis de datos. Resultados: se revela que hubo una reducción en la tasa de mortalidad infantil (IMR), de 2006 a 2017, después de la implementación del servicio de alcantarillado. Se observa que hubo una asociación lineal inversa significativa (p <0.01) y una alta magnitud (r = -0.92) entre la tasa de mortalidad infantil y el año. Conclusión: se concluye que la inversión en saneamiento básico es un factor importante para reducir la mortalidad infantil. Descriptores: Saneamiento Básico; Mortalidad Infantil; Agua; TMI; La Contaminación; Enfermería.

Measuring Effectiveness Of Economic Growth On Reducing Infant Mortality Rate In Tamilnadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Mr. Y. EBENEZER
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adf Test ◽  
Bound Test

                   This paper deals with economic growth and infant mortality rate in Tamilnadu. The objects of this paper are to test the relationship between Per capita Net State Domestic Product and infant mortality rate and also to measure the impact of Per capita Net State Domestic Product on infant mortality rate in Tamil Nadu. This analysis has employed the ADF test and ARDL approach. The result of the study shows that IMR got reduced and Per capita Net State Domestic Product increased during the study period. This analysis also revealed that there is a negative relationship between IMR and the economic growth of Tamilnadu. In addition, ARDL bound test result has concluded that per capita Net State Domestic Product of Tamilnadu has long run association with IMR.

scholarly journals THE impact of remittance inflows on poverty in Botswana: an ARDL approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercy. T. Musakwa ◽  
N. M. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Ardl Approach ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe growing pressure on governments to reduce poverty among other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through harnessing domestic and foreign sources has motivated studies on the relationship between poverty and different economic variables in many developing countries. This study investigates the impact of remittance on poverty in Botswana, employing time-series data from 1980 to 2017. The study employs two poverty proxies—household consumption expenditure and infant mortality rate to capture poverty in its multidimensional form and improve the robustness of the results. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, the study finds that remittance inflows reduce poverty in Botswana—both in the short run and in the long run when infant mortality rate is used as a proxy. However, when poverty is measured by household consumption expenditure, remittance was found to have no impact on poverty in the short run and in the long run. The study, therefore, concludes that remittance inflows play a crucial role in reducing poverty and that Botswana can benefit immensely from the surge in remittance inflows by putting in place policies and structures that support remittance inflow.

scholarly journals Ecuadorian infant mortality linked to socioeconomic factors during the last 30 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
Natalia Romero-Sandoval ◽  
Diego Del Alcázar ◽  
Jacob Pastor ◽  
Miguel Martín
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the difference among geographical units and the evolution of infant mortality rate (IMR) based on Ecuadorian censuses (1990-2001-2010). Methods: artificial Neural Network analyzed the impact of sociodemographic factors over the variability of IMR. Poisson regression analyzed the variation of the standardized IMR (sIMR). Results: the decrease in the national IMR was 63.8%; however, 42.8% provinces showed an increase in 2001-2010. The variability was explained mainly by illiteracy decrease. The adjusted RR between provincial sIMR with illiteracy and poverty revealed a trend towards the unit. Conclusions: the variation of IMR reflects a complex interaction of the sociodemographic factors.

scholarly journals Mortality of children under one year of age in Russia: what has changed after the transition to the new definition of live birth and stillbirth

2015 ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kvasha
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Medical Statistics ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
One Year ◽  
Definition Of

Infant mortality in Russia has been decreasing for several decades. In 2011, however, Russia’s infant mortality rate reached a level (7.4 per 1000 live births) more than three times higher than in countries with minimal levels. In April 2012, Russia adopted new definitions of live births and stillbirths, which are much closer to the corresponding WHO definitions than those used before. The transition to these new definitions was meant to increase the rates of perinatal, early neonatal and infant mortality in general for children weighing up to 1000 grams – those concerned by the changed definition. This paper analyzes the changes in the structure and dynamics of death in children under one year of age since the transition to the new definitions of live births and stillbirths, according to birth weight and period of death based on official and medical statistics. It looks at the possibility of distortion of both infant and perinatal mortality and their components. Particular attention is given to an analysis of the structure of infant mortality by age and cause of death in Russia in comparison with other countries. The regional aspect of changes in infant mortality for 2011-2012 is also studied herein. The analysis is based on data from official and medical statistics.

scholarly journals Health indicators in Amazonian cities: case study in the State of Pará, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e635973531
Author(s):  
Diêgo Lima Crispim ◽  
Rodrigo Silvano Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Artur Sales de Abreu Vieira ◽  
Francisco Carlos Lira Pessoa ◽  
Lindemberg Lima Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Indicator ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Solid Waste Collection ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Basic Sanitation

The adequate provision of basic sanitation services is an essential condition for public health and quality of life of the population. The lack or insufficiency of sanitation services coverage may cause several externalities that could harm public health and social well-being. The purpose of this study was to elaborate a health indicator through the relationship between infant mortality rate, urban population and sanitation services coverage (such as piped water, solid waste collection, water supply and sewage). This was a documentary and exploratory study that utilized multivariate analysis techniques and efficiency criteria (r², Nash-Sutcliffe and root mean square error). The area covered by the study were the municipalities of the State of Pará, divided into six geographical mesoregions. The data related to the sanitation indicators, infant mortality rate until the age of 5 and urban population were obtained through the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) website. The results indicate that the urban population variable in households without municipal solid waste collection showed lower significance in the health indicator. It was found that association between IS and basic sanitation services (explanatory variables), overall, is statistically well explained by r² and NASH, signaling that the statistical models are appropriate and efficient. It is concluded that the reduction of infant mortality is directly proportional to sanitation coverage.

scholarly journals Remittance Inflows and Poverty Dynamics in South Africa: An Empirical Investigation

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402098331
Author(s):  
Mercy. T. Musakwa ◽  
N. M. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
The Impact

In this study, we investigate the impact of remittance inflows on poverty reduction in South Africa, using time series data from 1980 to 2017. The main objective of this study is to establish whether South Africa can harness remittance inflows to alleviate poverty. Two poverty proxies, namely household consumption expenditure and infant mortality rate, are used in this study. To ensure robustness of the results, both income and non-income proxies of poverty are employed. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds approach, the study found that remittance has a negative impact on poverty in the short run and in the long run when household consumption expenditure is used as a proxy for poverty. However, when the infant mortality rate is used as a proxy, remittance is found to have no impact on poverty. It can be concluded that the impact of remittance on poverty is sensitive to the proxy used. The study concludes that South Africa could benefit immensely from some forms of remittances in its quest to poverty alleviation.

scholarly journals Impact of Government Health Expenditure on Health Outcomes in the West African Sub-Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
Rafiu Ayobanji Mustapha ◽  
Saidat Oluwatoyin Onikosi-Alliyu ◽  
Abdurrouf Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcome ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
The West ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Research background: Health outcome such as infant mortality rate is an important measure of the standard of living. It is a part of Millennium Development Goals, which all countries of the World strive to achieve, by allocating enormous economic resources to the health sector respectively. Purpose: The study assessed the impact of government expenditure on health and on health outcome (infant mortality rate) in the West Africa Sub-region. Research methodology: Secondary data were collected from 2000 to 2015 on thirteen countries in the Sub-region. Owing to the fact that the nature of the data involved is macro-panel data, the study performed the pre-estimation test (such as panel unit-root test and co-integration test) to ascertain the time series properties of the series. Based on the results of the pre-estimation tests, the work employed the fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS). Results: It is found in the study that public health spending has an indirect impact on infant mortality rate in the West Africa Sub-region. Novelty: No extant study examined the impact of public expenditure on health and on maternal mortality rate using the West Africa Sub-region as an area of coverage. This study employed a fully modified OLS (FMOLS) to assess the impact of public expenditure on health and on infant mortality rate in the West Africa Sub-region.

Mortality Rate of Japanese Twins and Triplets III. Infant Deaths of Triplets After Birth to One Year of Age

1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Imaizumi ◽  
Eiji Inouye ◽  
Akio Asaka
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
The Third ◽  
Monthly Expenditure ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year

The rate of infant mortality of triplet individuals (deaths under one year of age) was computed using 34 sets of triplets born in the first half of 1974. The rates were 8.82%, 9.68%, and 10.34% for the first-, second-, and the third-born triplets, respectively. For males and females the rates were 8.33% and 10.34%, respectively, and the difference was not significant. The rate decreased with gestational age up to 32-35 weeks. For those with heavier weight at birth (≤2,000 g) the rate was lower (0%) than for those with lighter weight (<2,000 g, 8.16%), but the difference is not significant (P = 0.087). Infant mortality rate of triplets decreased with increased monthly expenditure of the household.

A Dreadful Childhood: The Excess Mortality of American Slaves

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Steckel
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
The Past ◽  
One Year ◽  
Height Data

Mortality rates in early childhood are widely regarded as a sensitive index of the health and living standards of a population (United Nations, 1973: 138-139; Williamson, 1981; Haines, 1985). The debate over the health and treatment of American slaves has led scholars to investigate various data and methods to construct these measures. Early work based on plantation records placed the infant mortality rate (the proportion of live births that die within one year of birth) at 152.6 per thousand (Postell, 1951: 158). Using census data and indirect techniques, estimates of the infant mortality rate climbed from 182.7 per thousand by Evans (1962: 212) to 274 to 302 per thousand by Farley (1970: 33) and 246 to 275 per thousand by Eblen (1972; 1974). Recent work based on height data and indirect techniques places the infant mortality rate in the neighborhood of 350 per thousand and total losses before the end of the first year (stillbirths plus infant deaths) at nearly 50% (Steckel, 1986a). Thus, measurements over the past four decades have gravitated toward the judgment of southern planter Thomas Afflick (1851: 435) who wrote, “Of those born, one half die under one year.”

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