scholarly journals Canadian Schools in Transition: Moving From Dual Education Systems to Inclusive Schools

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Lupart ◽  
Charles Webber
Keyword(s):  
School Reform ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
School Restructuring ◽  
School Transformation ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
Inclusive Schools ◽  
Progressive Inclusion ◽  
The Many ◽  
Successful Change

This paper provides a synthesis of educational reforms in Canadian schools over the past century to present times. The unique emphasis is to document the broad movements of change in both special and regular education. We begin our analy-sis with a detailed discussion on the many meanings of school restructuring and highlight the ongoing nature of school reform. Following a selective chronology of general and special education reform, we attempt to capture what appear to be the key features of school reform and progressive inclusion. The numerous obsta-cles to school reform are outlined and the evolving roles of those most centrally connected with the school culture—teachers, students, and parents—are re-viewed. Several conditions for successful change are presented and the adoption of a balance of interests, policies, principles, and practices is recommended along with a transformation from dual systems to a unified system of education for all students. Regular and special educators are the professionals who must make school transformation reflect excellence and equity in our Canadian schools, and all available resources and support need to be deployed to this end.

School Reform, Constructed Learning, and Educational Technology

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wilburn Clouse ◽  
Henry Ed Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Reform ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Public Support ◽  
First Century ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Public Education Reform

School reform symbolizes an opportunity for significantly improving public education. Reform movements occur every few years. A cry goes out for public support to implement another new improvement plan and to secure more money for the children. A review of the school reform movement finds very little change in the learning environment although technology has changed the world at large during the past century. This research suggests that reform movements and technology must work together to bring about major changes in the learning environment if public schools are to remain a viable institution in the twenty-first century. Creative teaching using technology must reach the learning and interest levels of all students. “Just-in-time” teaching techniques must be connected with the interest and ability of the student.

DIVERSITY AND MEANING IN THE STUDY OF BLACK FATHERHOOD

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria S. Johnson ◽  
Alford A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Black Families ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Black Fathers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Expectations ◽  
The Many

AbstractFor the past several decades, numerous studies have focused on the so-called “crisis of Black fatherhood”—that is, the many ways in which Black fathers struggle to fulfill traditional paternal roles and duties. Given major shifts in both the structural conditions and cultural expectations of fatherhood in general over the past century, we argue that it is necessary to reestablish not only what Black fatherhood looks like today—in particular, the internal diversity and dynamism of this category—but also how Black men (as well as other members of Black families and communities) make sense of these changes and meaningfully negotiate their implications. We outline a two-pronged research agenda that: first, identifies gaps in the existing literature that limit our knowledge of the full range of Black fathering practices and experiences; and second, reclaims and repurposes “cultural analysis,” not to pathologize “what’s wrong with Black families and fathers,” but to shed much needed light on the ways in which Black fathers themselves process and make meaning of their roles and realities.

Aligning School Reform and Teacher Education Reform in The Middle Years: An Australian case study

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Mitchell ◽  
Cushla Kapitzke ◽  
Diane Mayer ◽  
Victoria Carrington ◽  
Lisa Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
School Reform ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Middle Years ◽  
Teacher Education Reform ◽  
Australian Case

Archaeology and the Ainu

1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (4Part1) ◽  
pp. 426-427
Author(s):  
Howard A. MacCord
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Army ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western World ◽  
Past Century ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Many

At the present time little is known in the Western world about the archaeology of Hokkaido, Japan. Groot (1951) is of limited value for most of his explorations were in the Tokyo area. This dearth of evidence is extremely regrettable in view of the so-called "Ainu problem" about which so many speculations have been published during the past century. During 1953-54 while stationed in Hokkaido with the United States Army, I explored and visited a number of prehistoric sites and made several collections which are now in the U. S. National Museum. Of the many sites visited, three in the southwestern part of Hokkaido in the Sapporo area were chosen for partial excavation. Radiocarbon dates for these sites were determined by the U. S. Geological Survey Radiocarbon Laboratory through the courtesy of Meyer Rubin.

scholarly journals Corruption, complexity and tax evasion

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 36-53
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tax Complexity ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
The Many ◽  
Tax Changes ◽  
Global Financial System

Tax evasion is facilitated by corruption, and corruption is facilitated by tax complexity. This article argues and presents evidence that tax systems have become far more complex than they need to be. The growth of public sector operations over the past century was accompanied by higher and more complex taxes, higher public spending, many new government programs, and an increasing involvement by governments in the functioning of the countries’ economies and in the activities of citizens. It has created a great deal of complexity in public sectors, and a fertile field for corruption, tax evasion or tax avoidance, and abuses in some government programs. The more governments relied on tax systems to pursue an increasing number of social and economic objectives, the more complex the tax systems became and the greater were the opportunities created for some taxpayers to get around the system. Complexity also encourages the growing army of lobbyists to push for small tax changes advantageous to their clients, causing tax systems to become increasingly more complex. In addition, it increases the costs of administering tax systems and of complying with the many tax obligations. To what extent tax systems have become fertile for corruption and tax evasion is likely to depend on cultural characteristics of countries among other factors. Globalization has opened new doors and new opportunities for individuals and corporations who operate, or can operate, globally to exploit the new tax-avoiding possibilities created by globalization and a global financial system. Nevertheless, complexity is not inevitable. It could, however, be reduced, as the experience of some countries has shown

In Here, Out There: Professional Learning and the Process of School Improvement

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Noonan
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
School Improvement ◽  
School Reform ◽  
Professional Learning ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
School Transformation ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
Urban Middle School ◽  
Administrative Team

In this article, James Noonan uses portraiture to examine how the administrative team and the teachers at a small, urban middle school approach school improvement. He illustrates the ways in which the pressures associated with attempting school reform in our current high-accountability environment make it difficult for school personnel to engage in the deep learning that transformative change requires. Noonan finds that at Fields Middle School, district-initiated redesign is built around an expansive view of learning that embraces uncertainty, collaboration, and reflection as catalysts for broad and sustained school improvement. He illuminates school transformation efforts that hinge on adult learning and an understanding of schools as learning organizations, in contrast to reform efforts that adopt linear and hierarchical views of teaching and learning.

Globalization and Labor: Reflections on Contemporary Latin America

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hershberg
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many

As the editors note in their introduction to this special issue of the journal, for more than 500 years, indeed since the conquest, Latin-American economies and societies have been profoundly affected by developments in the world system. Over the past century alone, watershed moments such as the Great Depression of the 1930s and the oil shocks and international debt crisis of the 1970s and 80s, have rocked Latin-American economies, transforming development paradigms and with them the circumstances of the many millions who inhabit the region. Today, a quarter century has passed since Latin-American economies embarked, unevenly yet largely irreversibly, on the path of market-oriented reform. Designed to stimulate growth through insertion into global markets, structural adjustment programs swept Latin America in the wake of the debt crisis and were followed by a panoply of measures that sought an enduring restructuring of economies in the region. The pursuit of these so-called Washington Consensus policies did away with the inward-oriented strategies that had shaped development in the region throughout the postwar period. However reluctantly, Latin America staked its future on a renewed engagement with the world economy, and became a player in the highly contested processes of globalization that are reshaping societies and economies around much of the planet.

Between Generations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Ford Smith
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Robert Louis Stevenson ◽  
Peter Pan ◽  
Social Constructs ◽  
Children’S Perspectives ◽  
Friedrich Froebel ◽  
The Many

Between Generations recuperates a tradition of adult-child collaboration in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century British children’s literature and culture, charting the emergence of new models of authorship and a growing cultural imperative to recognize the young as active, creative agents. The book examines the intergenerational partnerships that generated pivotal texts from the Golden Age of children’s literature, from “The Pied Piper” to Peter Pan, and in doing so challenges popular critical narratives that read actual young people solely as social constructs or passive recipients of texts. The spectrum of adult-child partnerships included within this book’s chapters make clear that the boundary between fictive collaborations and lived partnerships was not firm but that, instead, imaginative and material practices were mutually constitutive. Adults’ partnerships with young auditors, writers, illustrators, reviewers, and co-conspirators reveal that the agentic, creative child was not only a figure but also an actor, vital to authorial practice. These collaborations were part of a larger investigation of the limits and possibilities of child agency taking place in a range of discourses and cultural venues, from education reform to psychology to librarianship. Throughout, the book considers the many Victorian writers and thinkers, from Robert Louis Stevenson to Friedrich Froebel, who question the assumed authority of adults, who write about children as both passive and subversive subjects, and who self-consciously negotiate, alongside real children, the ideological and ethical difficulties of listening to and representing children’s perspectives.

scholarly journals The Periphrastic Future with Shall and Will in Modern English

PMLA ◽  
1925 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 963-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Fries
Keyword(s):  
General Rule ◽  
The Other ◽  
Past Century ◽  
First Person ◽  
The Past ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Reported Discourse ◽  
The Many ◽  
Considerable Body

One cannot read through the mass of discussions of the problem of shall and will published during the past century nor even those written since 1900 without being impressed by the wide diversity of the points of view and the definite conflict of the opinions and conclusions thus brought together. Even among those articles that can be grouped as expressing the conventional rules there is considerable variety and contradiction, not in the general rule for independent declarative statements (that a shall with the first person corresponds with a will with the second and third) but in the other rules concerning questions, reported discourse, and subordinate clauses. That there is a considerable body of literary usage which conflicts with the conventional rules is indicated by the many pages in these articles devoted to pointing out instances in which “the best of our authors” have violated the rules.

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