Reliability and Sources of Validity Evidence of the Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire-Abbreviated (ESQUIZO-Q-A)

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 840-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero ◽  
Serafín Lemos-Giráldez ◽  
Mercedes Paino ◽  
Marta Santarén-Rosell ◽  
Susana Sierra-Baigrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Computerized Adaptive Testing ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Dimensional Solution ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

The main goal of this research was to examine the reliability and different sources of validity evidence of the Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire-Abbreviated (ESQUIZO-Q-A) in nonclinical adolescents. The final sample was made up of 1,455 participants, 705 males (48.5%), with a mean age of 15.92 years (SD = 1.18). The internal consistency of the subscales ranged from .62 to .75. The analysis of its internal structure yielded a three-dimensional solution based on the dimensions: Reality Distortion, Anhedonia, and Interpersonal Disorganization. Likewise, the goodness-of-fit indices derived from the Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the hypothesized three-factor model were adequate. The three dimensions of the ESQUIZO-Q-A were significantly correlated with the subscales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The ESQUIZO-Q is a brief and simple self-report with adequate psychometric properties for the assessment of schizotypal traits in nonclinical adolescent populations. Future research should continue to explore the metric quality of the ESQUIZO-Q-A (e.g., sensitivity and specificity) and incorporate the new advances in psychological and educational assessment such as Computerized Adaptive Testing.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Anxiety Scale for Sport: Development and Validity Evidence Based on Content

Psico-USF ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-251
Author(s):  
Karen Cristine Teixeira ◽  
Joana Bender Remus ◽  
Carlos Henrique Sancineto da Silva Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Substantial Agreement ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
General Terms

Abstract This study aimed to develop and search for content validity evidences of an anxiety measure for athletes. An international literature review on the construct was carried out for the construction of 128 self-report items. The procedures of judge and semantic analysis were made after the elaboration of the instrument. The judges obtained 80.94% agreement and kappa indicated significant substantial agreement. By observing the kappa of each dimension, we conclude that the judges correctly identified the dimension of the items. However, the concordance in relation to the facets did not obtain the same indicators, a result that meets the studies of the three-dimensional model and may suggest the unsustainability of the facets. In the semantic analysis the participants indicated clarity regarding instructions and diagramming, with only three modified items. In general terms, the instrument presented favorable initial evidence of validity, and complementary studies are needed to gather evidence from other sources.

A Measurement of the Adaptation of Color Vision to the Spectral Environment

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Boker
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Color Matching ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Unconstrained Model

An exploratory factor analysis of the reflectance spectral distributions of a sample of natural and man-made objects yields a factor pattern remarkably similar to psychophysical color-matching curves. The goodness-of-fit indices from a maximum likelihood confirmatory factor model with fixed factor loadings specified by empirical trichromatic color-matching data indicate that the human visual system performs near to an optimum value for an ideal trichromatic system composed of three linear components. An unconstrained four-factor maximum likelihood model fits significantly better than a three-factor unconstrained model, suggesting that a color metric is better represented in four dimensions than in a three-dimensional space. This fourth factor can be calculated as a nonlinear interaction term between the first three factors: thus, a trichromatic input is sufficient to compute a color space of four dimensions. The visual system may exploit this nonlinear dependency in the spectral environment in order to obtain a four-dimensional color space without the biological cost of a fourth color receptor.

scholarly journals Individual differences in avoiding feelings of disgust: Development and construct validity of the disgust avoidance questionnaire

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248219
Author(s):  
Paula von Spreckelsen ◽  
Nienke C. Jonker ◽  
Jorien Vugteveen ◽  
Ineke Wessel ◽  
Klaske A. Glashouwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Avoidance ◽  
Behavioral Avoidance

We developed and examined the construct validity of the Disgust Avoidance Questionnaire (DAQ) as a measure of people’s inclination to prevent experiencing disgust (disgust prevention) and to escape from the experience of disgust (disgust escape). In a stepwise item-reduction (Study 1; N = 417) using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) based on a 4-subscale distinction (behavioral prevention, cognitive prevention, behavioral escape, cognitive escape), we selected 17 items from a pool of potential items. In order to incorporate the conceptual overlap between dimensions of disgust avoidance, focus (prevention vs. escape), and strategy (behavioral avoidance vs. cognitive avoidance), we specified an adapted model. In this model, we allowed each item to load on one type of dimension and one type of strategy, resulting in four overlapping factors (prevention, escape, behavioral avoidance, cognitive avoidance). Evaluation of this overlapping 4-factor model (Study 2; N = 513) using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed promising model fit indices, factor loadings, factor correlations, and reliability estimates for three of the four factors (prevention, behavioral avoidance, cognitive avoidance). Those three subscales also showed good convergent validity. In contrast, the results related to the escape factor may call the suitability of self-report to assess disgust escape into question. In light of the exploratory nature of the project, future examinations of the DAQ’s validity and applicability to more diverse samples are essential. A critical next step for future research would be to examine the DAQ’s criterion validity and the distinctive roles of the DAQ subscales in (clinical) psychological constructs and processes.

scholarly journals Narcissism - Oxford Handbook of PDs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L Crowe ◽  
Brandon Weiss ◽  
Donald Lynam ◽  
William Keith Campbell ◽  
Josh Miller
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Scale Selection ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
General Application ◽  
Current State ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Significant Impairment

This chapter reviews the current state of the narcissism and NPD literature highlighting areas of progress, points of continued debate, and areas for future research. After a brief review of narcissism’s origins, current conceptualizations of the construct are discussed beginning first with NPD and continuing with narcissism’s grandiose and vulnerable dimensions. Grandiose narcissism represents the prototypical manifestation of the construct, while vulnerable narcissism is more commonly observed in clinical settings. A review of grandiose and vulnerable narcissisms’ nomological networks makes it clear that both manifestations can yield significant impairment, albeit of different forms. Converging evidence for a three-dimensional (i.e., “trifurcated”) model of narcissism, which allows for an integrated understanding of its grandiose and vulnerable dimensions is presented. We argue that general application of the trifurcated model is necessary to provide further clarity to the narcissism literature. The “oscillation hypothesis” (i.e., that narcissistic individuals fluctuate between grandiose and vulnerable presentations) is highlighted as an area of continued debate and emerging measures capable of investigating narcissistic fluctuation are identified. The chapter concludes with a review of self-report measures of narcissism and recommendations using the trifurcated model to guide scale selection decisions.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the HEXACO-PI-R self-evaluation form in Slovak translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Elena Lisá ◽  
◽  
Michael Dzúrik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The study aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the 100-item HEXACO-PI-R questionnaire. The sample consisted of 1624 adults aged from 16 to 79 years (M=34.5, SD=13.35) who filled the paper-pen self-report form of the HEXACO-PI-R. The average internal consistency of the six factors was α=.78 (from .72 for Openness to .81 for Honesty-Humility) and α=.60 for facets. The Altruism scale in the Slovak translation did not reach a satisfactory internal consistency (α=.29). Mean values in the Slovak-speaking sample were 3.29, and standard deviations .53 for factor level and .74 at the facet level. Sex differences showed the higher Emotionality (d=.99) and Honesty-Humility (d= .38) in women. Age differences in Honesty-Humility showed a medium effect size. Factors did not inter-correlate, or they correlated weakly, except for r=.34 in the relationship between Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility. The factors were well distinguished from one another. The exploratory factor analysis with Promax rotation confirmed the six-factor model, which explained in total 44% of data variance, with an average loading of .60. Individual one-factor models met most of the goodness of fit criteria in confirmatory factor analysis, but the six-factor model did not meet them. The controversy associated with assessing the internal structure of multidimensional personality inventories by confirmatory factor analysis is discussed. According to the currently published research studies, the research findings supported the reliability and internal validity of HEXACO-PI-R in Slovak translation.

Approximation of virus structure by icosahedral tilings

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Salthouse ◽  
G. Indelicato ◽  
P. Cermelli ◽  
T. Keef ◽  
R. Twarock
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Virus Assembly ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Icosahedral Symmetry ◽  
Point Sets ◽  
Viral Capsids ◽  
Project Scheme

Viruses are remarkable examples of order at the nanoscale, exhibiting protein containers that in the vast majority of cases are organized with icosahedral symmetry. Janner used lattice theory to provide blueprints for the organization of material in viruses. An alternative approach is provided here in terms of icosahedral tilings, motivated by the fact that icosahedral symmetry is non-crystallographic in three dimensions. In particular, a numerical procedure is developed to approximate the capsid of icosahedral viruses by icosahedral tilesviaprojection of high-dimensional tiles based on the cut-and-project scheme for the construction of three-dimensional quasicrystals. The goodness of fit of our approximation is assessed using techniques related to the theory of polygonal approximation of curves. The approach is applied to a number of viral capsids and it is shown that detailed features of the capsid surface can indeed be satisfactorily described by icosahedral tilings. This work complements previous studies in which the geometry of the capsid is described by point sets generated as orbits of extensions of the icosahedral group, as such point sets are by construction related to the vertex sets of icosahedral tilings. The approximations of virus geometry derived here can serve as coarse-grained models of viral capsids as a basis for the study of virus assembly and structural transitions of viral capsids, and also provide a new perspective on the design of protein containers for nanotechnology applications.

Psychometric and diagnostic properties of the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST): Comparing the DAST-20 vs. the DAST-10

Salud Mental ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Villalobos-Gallegos ◽  
◽  
Alejandro Pérez ◽  
Rebeca Mendoza ◽  
Javier Graue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Drug Use Disorders ◽  
Drug Abuse Screening Test ◽  
The One ◽  
Diagnostic Properties

Abstract Background. The use of reliable and valid self-report questionnaires to identify drug use disorders (DUD) is a strategy that has shown usefulness for screening. One of the instruments more used for detection is the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST). The psychometric properties in the 20- and 10-item versions have been evaluated in other countries but in Mexico the psychometric and diagnostic properties of both versions are yet to be evaluated. Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric and diagnostic properties of DAST-20 and -10. Method. The sample included 565 participants receiving care in addiction residential centers. The DAST-20 was used as a measure to screen for DUD, and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0 was used as “gold standard” for the DUD diagnosis. Cronbach’s α and CFA were estimated in order to evaluate the psychometric properties. The Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to examine the diagnostic properties of each version. Results. Both versions obtained a Cronbach’s α ≥ .80, an optimal goodness of fit for the one factor model and Areas Under the Curve ≥ .90 (95% CI 87-93) for both versions. Discussion and conclusion. DAST-20 and -10 versions are reliable and valid tools for DUD assessment and screening.

Evidence that three dimensions of psychosis have a distribution in the general population

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. STEFANIS ◽  
M. HANSSEN ◽  
N. K. SMIRNIS ◽  
D. A. AVRAMOPOULOS ◽  
I. K. EVDOKIMIDIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
General Population ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Three Factor

Background. The aims of the study were: first to examine, using clinical symptoms of patients as a template, whether the correlated but independent dimensions of positive, negative and depressive symptoms that have been identified in clinical psychosis, also have a distribution as non-clinical experiences in the general population; and second, to establish to what degree population variation in experience of positive and negative features of psychosis is actually independent of experience of depression.Method. In a representative population sample of 932 young men, we measured experiences of positive, negative and depressive features of psychosis, using a 40-item self-report instrument. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare the fit of hypothesized one-, two- and three-factor solutions.Results. A three-factor model of separate depressive, positive and negative dimensions provided a better fit to the data than either a two-factor or unidimensional model. All three dimensions were correlated with each other, but also showed good discriminant validity in relation to established scales, confirming their relative independence.Conclusion. The data suggest that the correlated dimensions of clinical psychosis also have a distribution in the general population, and that depressive symptoms may form an integral part of psychosis-like experiences in the general population.

scholarly journals Are narcissists resilient? Examining grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in the context of a three-dimensional model of resilience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Sękowski ◽  
Łukasz Subramanian ◽  
Magdalena Żemojtel-Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Vulnerable Narcissism

AbstractIn this paper, we focused on the poorly understood and rarely researched relationship between resilience and narcissism, adopting the adjective-based measures of narcissism. We examine how levels of resilience are related to grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, based on a three-dimensional model of resilience (i.e., ecological resilience, engineering resilience, and adaptive capacity). Using self-report, cross-sectional data from a general Polish sample (N = 657), we found that grandiose narcissism was positively related to all three dimensions of resilience, while vulnerable narcissism was negatively related to them. Grandiose narcissism was most strongly associated with adaptive capacity where vulnerable narcissism was mostly strongly associated with engineering resilience. We discuss our findings in relation to the function of two forms of narcissism may yield different capacities for stress management and recovery after experiencing stressful events. Therefore, this research is focused on self-report and we look forward to expand our research by behavioral indices in the future.

scholarly journals CAPTURE AND THREE DIMENSIONAL PROJECTION OF NEW SOUTH WALES STRATA PLANS IN LANDXML FORMAT

2017 ◽  
Vol IV-4/W5 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
B. Harding ◽  
A. Foreman
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Real Property ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Major Reform

New South Wales is embarking on a major reform program named Cadastre NSW. This reform aims to move to a single source of truth for the digital representation of cadastre. The current lack of a single source cadastre has hindered users from government and industry due to duplication of effort and misalignment between databases from different sources. For this reform to be successful, there are some challenges that need to be addressed. <br><br> “Cadastre 2034 – Powering Land &amp; Real Property” (2015) published by the Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (ICSM) identifies that current cadastres do not represent real property in three dimensions. In future vertical living lifestyles will create complex property scenarios that the Digital Cadastral Database (DCDB) will need to contend with. While the NSW DCDB currently holds over 3 million lots and 5 million features, one of its limitations is that it does not indicate land ownership above or below the ground surface. <br><br> NSW Spatial Services is currently capturing survey plans into LandXML format. To prepare for the future, research is being undertaken to also capture multi-level Strata Plans through a modified recipe. During this research, multiple Strata Plans representing a range of ages and development types have been investigated and converted to LandXML. Since it is difficult to visualise the plans in a two dimensional format, quality control purposes require a method to display these plans in three dimensions. Overall investigations have provided Spatial Services with enough information to confirm that the capture and display of Strata Plans in the LandXML format is possible.

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