scholarly journals Narcissism - Oxford Handbook of PDs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L Crowe ◽  
Brandon Weiss ◽  
Donald Lynam ◽  
William Keith Campbell ◽  
Josh Miller
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Scale Selection ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
General Application ◽  
Current State ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Significant Impairment

This chapter reviews the current state of the narcissism and NPD literature highlighting areas of progress, points of continued debate, and areas for future research. After a brief review of narcissism’s origins, current conceptualizations of the construct are discussed beginning first with NPD and continuing with narcissism’s grandiose and vulnerable dimensions. Grandiose narcissism represents the prototypical manifestation of the construct, while vulnerable narcissism is more commonly observed in clinical settings. A review of grandiose and vulnerable narcissisms’ nomological networks makes it clear that both manifestations can yield significant impairment, albeit of different forms. Converging evidence for a three-dimensional (i.e., “trifurcated”) model of narcissism, which allows for an integrated understanding of its grandiose and vulnerable dimensions is presented. We argue that general application of the trifurcated model is necessary to provide further clarity to the narcissism literature. The “oscillation hypothesis” (i.e., that narcissistic individuals fluctuate between grandiose and vulnerable presentations) is highlighted as an area of continued debate and emerging measures capable of investigating narcissistic fluctuation are identified. The chapter concludes with a review of self-report measures of narcissism and recommendations using the trifurcated model to guide scale selection decisions.

Faces scales in paediatric pain assessment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Bliss
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Pain Scales ◽  
Pain Rating Scale

The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is a systematic review assessing the commonly used faces pain scales employed to aid children in the self-report of their pain intensity. The review provides a critical evaluation of the Faces Pain Scale, the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R), the Oucher pain scale, and the Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS). The reviewers found that the psychometric properties of the FPS-R supported its superiority for use in research. Although they found that children, and many staff, expressed a preference for the WBFPRS, the reviewers had major concerns about this scale confounding pain intensity with affect. They also noted the paucity of research in younger children, and concluded that future research should not focus on developing more pain scales for paediatric use but on examining the appropriate application of existing scales in a wider range of clinical settings.

scholarly journals Deep Generative Adversarial Networks for Image-to-Image Translation: A Review

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1705
Author(s):  
Aziz Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Generative Adversarial Networks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Adversarial Networks ◽  
Current State ◽  
Image Translation ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Future Research Directions

Many image processing, computer graphics, and computer vision problems can be treated as image-to-image translation tasks. Such translation entails learning to map one visual representation of a given input to another representation. Image-to-image translation with generative adversarial networks (GANs) has been intensively studied and applied to various tasks, such as multimodal image-to-image translation, super-resolution translation, object transfiguration-related translation, etc. However, image-to-image translation techniques suffer from some problems, such as mode collapse, instability, and a lack of diversity. This article provides a comprehensive overview of image-to-image translation based on GAN algorithms and its variants. It also discusses and analyzes current state-of-the-art image-to-image translation techniques that are based on multimodal and multidomain representations. Finally, open issues and future research directions utilizing reinforcement learning and three-dimensional (3D) modal translation are summarized and discussed.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Printing Strategies for Irregularly Shaped Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Current State and Challenges

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Zhonghan Wang ◽  
He Liu ◽  
Jiaqi Liu ◽  
Ronghang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Current State ◽  
Dimensional Printing

Although there have been remarkable advances in cartilage tissue engineering, construction of irregularly shaped cartilage, including auricular, nasal, tracheal, and meniscus cartilages, remains challenging because of the difficulty in reproducing its precise structure and specific function. Among the advanced fabrication methods, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology offers great potential for achieving shape imitation and bionic performance in cartilage tissue engineering. This review discusses requirements for 3D printing of various irregularly shaped cartilage tissues, as well as selection of appropriate printing materials and seed cells. Current advances in 3D printing of irregularly shaped cartilage are also highlighted. Finally, developments in various types of cartilage tissue are described. This review is intended to provide guidance for future research in tissue engineering of irregularly shaped cartilage.

scholarly journals Rhythm and Music-Based Interventions in Motor Rehabilitation: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thenille Braun Janzen ◽  
Yuko Koshimori ◽  
Nicole M. Richard ◽  
Michael H. Thaut
Keyword(s):  
Motor Function ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Motor Rehabilitation ◽  
Movement Timing ◽  
Current State ◽  
Musical Rhythms

Research in basic and clinical neuroscience of music conducted over the past decades has begun to uncover music’s high potential as a tool for rehabilitation. Advances in our understanding of how music engages parallel brain networks underpinning sensory and motor processes, arousal, reward, and affective regulation, have laid a sound neuroscientific foundation for the development of theory-driven music interventions that have been systematically tested in clinical settings. Of particular significance in the context of motor rehabilitation is the notion that musical rhythms can entrain movement patterns in patients with movement-related disorders, serving as a continuous time reference that can help regulate movement timing and pace. To date, a significant number of clinical and experimental studies have tested the application of rhythm- and music-based interventions to improve motor functions following central nervous injury and/or degeneration. The goal of this review is to appraise the current state of knowledge on the effectiveness of music and rhythm to modulate movement spatiotemporal patterns and restore motor function. By organizing and providing a critical appraisal of a large body of research, we hope to provide a revised framework for future research on the effectiveness of rhythm- and music-based interventions to restore and (re)train motor function.

Gestural Interaction with Three-Dimensional Interfaces; Current Research and Recommendations

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 537-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasudha Varma ◽  
Dan Nathan-Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Future Research ◽  
3D Display ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Current State ◽  
Gestural Interaction ◽  
Physical Gestures ◽  
Machine Communication

New methods of interacting with latest three-dimensional (3D) display technologies are rapidly being tested, however, it is not yet certain, which kinds of interaction design would be most suitable for users to manipulate and interact with 3D content. Physical gestures have been a natural and intuitive mode of interaction for human-human communication and ways to replicate this for human-machine communication is increasingly being explored. This proceeding attempts to review the current state of technology and the existing research on the use of gestural interaction with three-dimensional interfaces. The focus is on the use of hand-based gestures, the scope is to identify challenges and limitations of using gestures with 3D interfaces, and the goal is to find guidelines to select appropriate gestures to interact with 3D displays. The paper also highlights existing gaps and potential future research areas, in the technological and usability domains, that must be addressed before gestures can be used seamlessly with 3D interfaces.

scholarly journals Are narcissists resilient? Examining grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in the context of a three-dimensional model of resilience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Sękowski ◽  
Łukasz Subramanian ◽  
Magdalena Żemojtel-Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Vulnerable Narcissism

AbstractIn this paper, we focused on the poorly understood and rarely researched relationship between resilience and narcissism, adopting the adjective-based measures of narcissism. We examine how levels of resilience are related to grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, based on a three-dimensional model of resilience (i.e., ecological resilience, engineering resilience, and adaptive capacity). Using self-report, cross-sectional data from a general Polish sample (N = 657), we found that grandiose narcissism was positively related to all three dimensions of resilience, while vulnerable narcissism was negatively related to them. Grandiose narcissism was most strongly associated with adaptive capacity where vulnerable narcissism was mostly strongly associated with engineering resilience. We discuss our findings in relation to the function of two forms of narcissism may yield different capacities for stress management and recovery after experiencing stressful events. Therefore, this research is focused on self-report and we look forward to expand our research by behavioral indices in the future.

scholarly journals Head-Mounted Virtual Reality and Mental Health: Critical Review of Current Research (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun W Jerdan ◽  
Mark Grindle ◽  
Hugo C van Woerden ◽  
Maged N Kamel Boulos
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research

BACKGROUND eHealth interventions are becoming increasingly used in public health, with virtual reality (VR) being one of the most exciting recent developments. VR consists of a three-dimensional, computer-generated environment viewed through a head-mounted display. This medium has provided new possibilities to adapt problematic behaviors that affect mental health. VR is no longer unaffordable for individuals, and with mobile phone technology being able to track movements and project images through mobile head-mounted devices, VR is now a mobile tool that can be used at work, home, or on the move. OBJECTIVE In line with recent advances in technology, in this review, we aimed to critically assess the current state of research surrounding mental health. METHODS We compiled a table of 82 studies that made use of head-mounted devices in their interventions. RESULTS Our review demonstrated that VR is effective in provoking realistic reactions to feared stimuli, particularly for anxiety; moreover, it proved that the immersive nature of VR is an ideal fit for the management of pain. However, the lack of studies surrounding depression and stress highlight the literature gaps that still exist. CONCLUSIONS Virtual environments that promote positive stimuli combined with health knowledge could prove to be a valuable tool for public health and mental health. The current state of research highlights the importance of the nature and content of VR interventions for improved mental health. While future research should look to incorporate more mobile forms of VR, a more rigorous reporting of VR and computer hardware and software may help us understand the relationship (if any) between increased specifications and the efficacy of treatment.

scholarly journals Measuring musical preferences from listening behavior: Data from one million people and 200,000 songs

2019 ◽  
pp. 030573561986828
Author(s):  
Kai R Fricke ◽  
David M Greenberg ◽  
Peter J Rentfrow ◽  
Philipp Y Herzberg
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Previous Theory ◽  
Musical Preference ◽  
Musical Preferences

Musical preferences are a fundamental individual difference predicting a multitude of listening behaviors. For decades, researchers have investigated how musical preferences are organized but have been hindered by genre-based and self-report methodologies. Recently, researchers have begun to investigate musical preferences at the feature-level using stimuli, rather than at the genre-level using self-reports. However, these new methods have been experimental and limited in their ecological validity. To address these recent limitations, we use an ecologically valid behavioral approach based on one million people who listened to more than 200,000 songs from streaming services, which is to our knowledge the largest study to date on the structure of musical preferences. Individual musical preference was measured from song playback counts and analyzed using principal components analysis on the psychological and sonic music features. Our results showed that music-feature preferences had a three-dimensional structure confirming previous theory and research. These dimensions are Arousal (level of energy in music), Valence (spectrum of negative to positive emotions), and Depth (intellectual and emotional depth in music). These findings lay firm ground for future research on music-feature preferences and pave the way for social-psychological and neurobiological experiments with music.

Musculoskeletal Assessments Used in Quantitatively Based Studies About Posture and Movement in High String Players: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Schemmann ◽  
Nadine Rensing ◽  
Christoff Zalpour
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
String Instruments ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Optoelectronic Systems ◽  
Examination Techniques

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify and systematically categorize musculoskeletal assessments used in quantitatively based studies about posture and movement in musicians playing high string instruments (violin, viola) in order to inform further research and help to identify gaps in knowledge. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases Cochrane, CINAHL, and PubMed as well as the journal Medical Problems of Performing Artists. Additional studies were searched within the reference lists of relevant articles. Sixty-four studies conducted since 1999 until May 2017 were included according to predefined inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Various biomechanical measurement instruments were used in 24 of the selected studies in order to collect two- and three-dimensional kinematic data: optoelectronic systems with active and passive markers, electromagnetic systems, ultrasonic motion analysis systems, and image-based analysis of posture. In 11 studies, kinetics were measured by optoelectronic systems, force sensors, and a posturographic device. Further studies used electromyography to evaluate muscle activity (19 studies) as well as instruments to measure range of motion (2 studies). Additionally, a broad range of clinical examination techniques (35 studies) and self-reports (36 studies) were used to assess the musculoskeletal system of high string players. CONCLUSION: The identified assessments could be used both in further research and in practical work in order to evaluate posture and movement in high string players. For future research, qualitatively based studies as well as psychometrically tested quantitatively based self-report assessments are required.

Reliability and Sources of Validity Evidence of the Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire-Abbreviated (ESQUIZO-Q-A)

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 840-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero ◽  
Serafín Lemos-Giráldez ◽  
Mercedes Paino ◽  
Marta Santarén-Rosell ◽  
Susana Sierra-Baigrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Computerized Adaptive Testing ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Dimensional Solution ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

The main goal of this research was to examine the reliability and different sources of validity evidence of the Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire-Abbreviated (ESQUIZO-Q-A) in nonclinical adolescents. The final sample was made up of 1,455 participants, 705 males (48.5%), with a mean age of 15.92 years (SD = 1.18). The internal consistency of the subscales ranged from .62 to .75. The analysis of its internal structure yielded a three-dimensional solution based on the dimensions: Reality Distortion, Anhedonia, and Interpersonal Disorganization. Likewise, the goodness-of-fit indices derived from the Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the hypothesized three-factor model were adequate. The three dimensions of the ESQUIZO-Q-A were significantly correlated with the subscales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The ESQUIZO-Q is a brief and simple self-report with adequate psychometric properties for the assessment of schizotypal traits in nonclinical adolescent populations. Future research should continue to explore the metric quality of the ESQUIZO-Q-A (e.g., sensitivity and specificity) and incorporate the new advances in psychological and educational assessment such as Computerized Adaptive Testing.

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