Mass book digitization: The deeper story of Google Books and the Open Content Alliance

First Monday ◽  
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalev Leetaru
Keyword(s):  
Academic Community ◽  
Metadata Management ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
Open Model ◽  
Metadata Quality ◽  
The World ◽  
Google Books ◽  
Open Content ◽  
The Relationship

The Google Books and Open Content Alliance (OCA) initiatives have become the poster children of the access digitization revolution. With their sights firmly set on creating digital copies of millions upon millions of books and making them available to the world for free, the two projects have captured the popular imagination. Yet, such scale comes at a price, and certain sacrifices must be made to achieve this volume. With its greater visibility, most studies have focused on Google Books, addressing limitations of its image and metadata quality. Yet, there has been surprisingly little comparative work of the two endeavors, exploring the relationship between these two peers and their deeper similarities, rather than their obvious surface differences. While the academic community has lauded OCA's "open" model and condemned the proprietary Google, all is not always as it seems. Upon delving deeper into the underpinnings of both projects, we find Google achieves greater transparency in many regards, while OCA's operational reality is more proprietary than often thought. Further, significant concerns are raised about the long-term sustainability of the OCA rights model, its metadata management, and its transparency that must be addressed as OCA moves forward.

The Consumer Role for Sustainable Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 325-341
Author(s):  
Seda Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
Responsible Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship

The term sustainable consumption is not only a behavior type in marketing and a just consumption behavior, it is more than this. Sustainable or responsible consumption behavior can change the world. Sustainable consumption concept has been investigated widely in the literature and factors that effecting sustainable consumption or being a green consumer has been investigated recently, too. But the relationship between sustainable development and consumer behavior isn't investigated sufficiently. After 2030 Sustainable Development Goals set up, responsibilities and roles have been an important issue to achieve sustainable development in the long term. In this point, this study aims to investigate the consumer role for sustainable development goals through sustainable consumption patterns and trends.

The Consumer Role for Sustainable Development

2022 ◽  
pp. 872-888
Author(s):  
Seda Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
Responsible Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship

The term sustainable consumption is not only a behavior type in marketing and a just consumption behavior, it is more than this. Sustainable or responsible consumption behavior can change the world. Sustainable consumption concept has been investigated widely in the literature and factors that effecting sustainable consumption or being a green consumer has been investigated recently, too. But the relationship between sustainable development and consumer behavior isn't investigated sufficiently. After 2030 Sustainable Development Goals set up, responsibilities and roles have been an important issue to achieve sustainable development in the long term. In this point, this study aims to investigate the consumer role for sustainable development goals through sustainable consumption patterns and trends.

scholarly journals Bee Representations in Human Art and Culture through the Ages

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-62
Author(s):  
Kit S. Prendergast ◽  
Jair E. Garcia ◽  
Scarlett R. Howard ◽  
Zong-Xin Ren ◽  
Stuart J. McFarlane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Art Appreciation ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Artistic Representations ◽  
The World ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The field of bioaesthetics seeks to understand how modern humans may have first developed art appreciation and is informed by considering a broad range of fields including painting, sculpture, music and the built environment. In recent times there has been a diverse range of art and communication media representing bees, and such work is often linked to growing concerns about potential bee declines due to a variety of factors including natural habitat fragmentation, climate change, and pesticide use in agriculture. We take a broad view of human art representations of bees to ask if the current interest in artistic representations of bees is evidenced throughout history, and in different regions of the world prior to globalisation. We observe from the earliest records of human representations in cave art over 8,000 years old through to ancient Egyptian carvings of bees and hieroglyphics, that humans have had a long-term relationship with bees especially due to the benefits of honey, wax, and crop pollination. The relationship between humans and bees frequently links to religious and spiritual representations in different parts of the world from Australia to Europe, South America and Asia. Art mediums have frequently included the visual and musical, thus showing evidence of being deeply rooted in how different people around the world perceive and relate to bees in nature through creative practice. In modern times, artistic representations extend to installation arts, mixed-media, and the moving image. Through the examination of the diverse inclusion of bees in human culture and art, we show that there are links between the functional benefits of associating with bees, including sourcing sweet-tasting nutritious food that could have acted, we suggest, to condition positive responses in the brain, leading to the development of an aesthetic appreciation of work representing bees.

scholarly journals Beasts of Prey or Rational Animals? Private Governance in Brazil's Jogo do Bicho

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Freire
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Private Governance ◽  
The World ◽  
Selective Incentives ◽  
Jogo Do Bicho ◽  
Costly Signals ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Illegal Lottery

This article presents a rational choice account of Brazil's jogo do bicho ('animal game'), possibly the largest illegal lottery game in the world. In over 120 years, the jogo do bicho has grown from a local raffle to a multimillion-dollar business, and the game has played a major role in Brazil's cultural and political life. My analysis of the jogo do bicho has three goals. First, I examine the mechanisms that fostered the lottery's notable growth outside the boundaries of Brazilian law. Second, I investigate how the animal game financiers combine costly signals and selective incentives to induce cooperation from members of the community. Lastly, I discuss the relationship between the lottery sponsors and Brazilian representatives, particularly how the bicheiros exploit the fragmentation of Brazil's political system to advance their long-term interests. Keywords: Brazil; criminal organisations; gambling; jogo do bicho; private governanceJEL Codes: D72, K42, P26, P37, Z00DOI: https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/se2jrBibTeX entry:@misc{freire2019jogodobicho, title={{Beasts of Prey or Rational Animals? Private Governance in Brazil's \emph{Jogo do Bicho}}}, howpublished = {\url{https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/se2jr}}, publisher={SocArXiv}, author={Freire, Danilo}, year={2019}, month={Mar}}

scholarly journals Aging Society and Decline Fertility: How to Respond?

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-341
Author(s):  
Asim Kurjak ◽  
Ana Stavljenic Rukavina
Keyword(s):  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Aging Society ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Aging World ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT We are living in the time of aging of almost all societies in the world. There are at least two long-term causes of aging world and a temporary blip that will continue to show up in the figures for the next few decades. The first of the big reasons is that people everywhere are living far longer than they used to. A second and bigger cause of the aging of societies is that people everywhere are having far fewer children, so the younger age groups are much too small to counterbalance the growing number of older people. These facts will certainly turn the world into a different place. In this paper, we would like to stress the relationship between economic growth, aging and decline fertility as well as social consequences of both. How to cite this article Kurjak A, Stavljenic Rukavina A, Stanojevic M. Aging Society and Decline Fertility: How to Respond? Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(3):333-341.

scholarly journals Does ESG Affect the Stability of Dividend Policies in Europe?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8804
Author(s):  
Pedro Verga Matos ◽  
Victor Barros ◽  
Joaquim Miranda Sarmento
Keyword(s):  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Dividend Payout ◽  
Dividend Policies ◽  
Thomson Reuters ◽  
The World ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

Sustainability has become a significant issue for firms and investors throughout the world, although it cannot be attained if policies impact the stability of firms’ dividend policies. In this paper, we use data from the Stoxx Euro 600 firms from 2000 to 2019 and the ESG (environmental, social and governance) scores from Thomson Reuters to assess the relationship between ESG responsibility performances and the firm’s dividend policy. The results indicate that more sustainable firms exhibit a more stable dividend payout. This result is also valid when the ESG pillars are analysed, specifically, the environmental and governance pillars. The findings further suggest that higher ESG scores reveal better long-term alignment with shareholders and other stakeholders due to more proportionally stable profit sharing.

scholarly journals A Hobbling Marriage: On the Relationship Between the Collections and the Societal Mission of the Museum of National Antiquities in Stockholm

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-164
Author(s):  
Mikael Jakobsson ◽  
Anna Källén
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Linear Arrangement ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Problematic Relationship ◽  
Archaeological Collections ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

In the late 19th century, the new Museum of National Antiquities in Stockholm was a cutting-edge institution for the presentation of ideas of a universal human development from primitive to modern —ideas that were at the heart of the European colonial project. We argue that the archaeological collections with their unaltered 19th-century structures still represent a narrative that reproduces a colonial understanding of the world, a linear arrangement of essential cultural groups according to a teleological development model. Contrary to this, the contemporary mission of the Museum, inspired by the late 20th-century postcolonial thinking, is directed towards questioning this particular narrative. This problematic relationship is thus present deep within the structure of the Museum of National Antiquities as an institution, and it points to the need for long-term strategic changes to make the collections useful for vital museum activity in accordance with the Museum's mission.

scholarly journals ESG and Corporate Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from China’s Listed Power Generation Companies

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhong Zhao ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Jiahai Yuan ◽  
Mengya Wu ◽  
Daiyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Power Market ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World ◽  
Corporate Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Nowadays, listed companies around the world are shifting from short-term goals of maximizing profits to long-term sustainable environmental, social, and governance (ESG) goals. People have come to realize that ESG has become an important source of the corporate risk and may affect the company’s financial performance and profitability. Recent research shows that good ESG performance could improve the financial performance in some countries. Yet, the question of “how does ESG affect financial performance” has not been thoroughly discussed and studied in China. In this article, we study China’s listed power generation groups to explore the relationship between ESG performance and financial indicators in the energy power market based on the panel regression model. The results show that good ESG performance can indeed improve financial performance, which has significant meanings for investors, company management, decisionmakers, and industry regulators.

The Problem of Networked Organizations in India

2002 ◽  
pp. 320-328
Author(s):  
Gurpreet S. Dhillon ◽  
Trevor T. Moores ◽  
Ray Hackney
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The World ◽  
Engineering Corporation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Global Company ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Networked Organizations

We present a potential misalignment that many emerging economies may face with respect to the advent of networked organizations. We argue that although it may seem that networked organizations appear to offer a viable option for the progress of a nation, a deeper analysis suggests otherwise. This will be exemplified through the case of The Engineering Corporation and its presence in India. While The Engineering Corporation does indeed provide employment to the local economy, the host country must determine the right mix of the aspects involved in the collaborative venture. If this care is not taken, there will be little benefit for the host country, thus resulting in a skewed orientation in the relationship. The globalization of work supported by telecommunications technology and the advent of “networked” organizations has produced a potential dilemma in how to balance the interests of the new global company and the long-term national interests of the country supplying the workforce. A networked organization is one that is decentralized and has regional offices that deal with part of the business operation. For instance, an IT center in one location and a sales office in another. Global decentralization is motivated primarily in order to exploit cheap, skilled labor wheresoever it is found in the world.

Lighting up the World? Empires and Islanders in the Pacific Whaling Industry, 1790-1860

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Haines
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Island ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Island Communities ◽  
Whaling Industry ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the surge in pelagic whaling in the nineteenth century and how it contributed to globalisation. It examines the contact between European empires and indigenous Pacific island communities and the relationship between the whaling industry and European expansionism. It is divided into four parts: the first reviews whaling historiography; the second examines the origin of the Pacific whaling industry and its international components; the third examines the impact of whaling on Pacific island communities; and the fourth uses case studies exploring the impact from New Zealander and Hawaiian perspectives. It concludes that the whaling industry had a relatively minor long-term impact on globalisation - bar the depletion of whale stock, but an enormous overall impact on the furthering of European expansionism.

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