scholarly journals Epidemiology of SFTSV in Ticks collected from National Park in the ROK, 2015-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon-seok Chae ◽  
Jun Gu Kang ◽  
Sun-Woo Han ◽  
Weon-Hwa Jheong ◽  
Hye-Sung Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis

ObjectiveTo survey the distribution of Ixodid tick and infection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) in natural environments from Deogyusan national parks in Korea.IntroductionSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging viral disease in East-Asian countries, including China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea (ROK). The causative agent of SFTS is the SFTS virus (SFTSV) transmitted by hematophagous ticks.MethodsTo investigate the prevalence of SFTSV in the ROK, a total of 4,223 ticks were collected by flagging from Deogyusan National Park from 2015 to 2018. One-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested PCR were used to detect SFTSV-specific gene fragment from each ticks. The sequence data were analyzed using Chromas and aligned using CLUSTAL X. The phylogenetic analysis was constructed using the neighbor-joining method in MEGA7.ResultsOf the collected adult and nymph ticks, Haemaphysalis longicornis (3611, 85.5%) were the most abundant, followed by H. flava (502, 11.88%), Ixodes nipponensis (109, 2.5%), and Ixodes ovatus (1, 0.02%). The infection rate of SFTSV in total ticks was 5.8% (245/4,223), and the infection rate by year was 3.69% in 2015, 7.97% in 2016, 5.08% in 2017 and 4.68% in 2018. The infection rates of SFTSV were getting decreased each year in Deogyusan National Park. In addition, infection rate was higher in spring and summer of each season. Phylogenetic analysis was performed and SFTSV sequences obtained in this study were included in Korean/Japanese SFTSV clade.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we confirmed the sequence of two clades, and it is thought that the epidemiological investigation of SFTSV is necessary through further studies.

scholarly journals Ecology - Based Environmental Education at the Kazdagi (Mt. Ida) National Park in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
S. Abdullah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Education Program ◽  
National Park ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
International Environmental Problems

Aim of this study is to examine and evaluate the ecology - based environmental education program which was applied in years between 2003-2006 Kazdagi National Parks in the Western Turkey. Ecology - based environmental education aims at using natural and cultural resources of Kazda ð ı National Park to teach graduate research assistants and scout teachers about the nature. The expectation is to increase the environmental awareness of participants in general. At the end of the education program, it is expected that the participants will develop a better understanding of local, regional, national as well as international environmental problems; will be able to discuss and provide alternative solution to global ecological crises; and will take action in their individual lives towards creating a more sustainable environment for future. The main or purpose of the project will be to teach natural interactions in an ecosystem. Emphasis will be given to human action that has been interrupted that interaction and made natural environments less sustainable. Therefore, particular emphasis will be given to cultural ecology of the protected area and the participants are expected to develop a thorough understanding of human and environmental interaction.

scholarly journals Morphological and DNA-based Classification of Cyathus sp. Isolates from Thailand (Basidiomycota, Nidulariaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1769-1777
Author(s):  
Waraporn Sutthisa ◽  
Niwat Sanoamuang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Khon Kaen ◽  
Unidentified Species

Cyathus sp. isolates from three areas in Thailand (Khon Kaen University, Nam Nao National Park and Phu Ruea, Loei Province) were morphologically characterized by their peridiocarp, peridioles and basidiospores. This allowed to assign most isolates to five Cyathus species: C. berkeleyanus, C. earlei, C. pallidus, C. stercoreus and C. striatus. Phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal ITS sequence data yielded three groups of Cyathus isolates and unidentified species group. The Pallidum group including KKUNN1, is closely related to C. berkeleyanus (DQ463355.1), KKUITN2 (KU202745) and KKUITN3 (KU202751) are closely related to C. pallidus (DQ463356.1). The Ollum group includes C. africanus and C. hookeri. The Striatum group, such as KKUITP2 (KU202744) and KKUITP3 (KU202743) are closely related to C. stercoreus (DQ463356.1). The LSU sequence data suggest that KKULN2 and KKULN3 are closely related to C. pallidus (DQ463336.1), whereas KKULP2 and KKULP3 are closely related to C. stercoreus.

Thismia inconspicua (Thismiaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic species from Borneo

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 295 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAL SOCHOR ◽  
RAHAYU SUKMARIA SUKRI ◽  
FAIZAH METALI ◽  
MARTIN DANČÁK
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Perianth Tube ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Mixed Dipterocarp Forest

A new species belonging to the mycoheterotrophic genus Thismia is described and illustrated. Thismia inconspicua was found in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest in Ulu Temburong National Park, Brunei Darussalam. It is characterized by its sepia-brown perianth with free equal lobes with very short terminal appendages, two pairs of appendages on connective apices, perianth tube displaced from the ovary axis and short stem. DNA sequence data from commonly studied nuclear and mitochondrial loci are provided. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the close relationship with other members of section Thismia, subsection Odoardoa. An updated determination key of Thismia species of Borneo is included.

Elusive does not always equal rare: genetic assessment of a protected Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum) population in Saguaro National Park, Arizona

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Sophia Farrar ◽  
Taylor Edwards ◽  
Kevin Edward Bonine
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Heloderma Suspectum

Population genetic baselines for species perceived to be at-risk are crucial for monitoring population trends and making well-informed management decisions. We characterized the genetic status of a population of Gila monsters (Heloderma suspectum), a large venomous lizard native to deserts of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, by sampling 100 individuals in Sonoran Desert upland habitat at Saguaro National Park, Arizona, USA. We used 18 microsatellite markers, along with 1195 bp of sequence data from the mitochondrial DNA 12S locus, to examine genetic diversity, estimate effective population size, and assess demographic history. Despite suburban development adjacent to the study area, we observed high genetic diversity with uninhibited gene flow within this protected population. We estimated effective population size (Ne) for the total sample area (80 km2) using the linkage disequilibrium method in NeEstimator to be 94 individuals (95% confidence interval: 80.7-111.2). In 2011, we used capture-recapture methods to estimate that 80 adult Gila monsters (95% CI = 37-225) inhabited the area along the 14-km transect that we surveyed most frequently; probability of detecting resident Gila monsters during surveys was <0.01, highlighting the challenges of studying the species. Despite being considered an elusive and thus potentially rare species, these data reveal that in this protected environment the population appears healthy and robust. The results provide an important genetic baseline for future studies and monitoring, and exemplify the success of protective population measures in National Parks and under Arizona state laws.

From Competition to Cooperation: A History of Canada–US National Park Relations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Young ◽  
Alan MacEachern ◽  
Lary Dilsaver
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Park Service ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
The Relationship

This essay explores the evolving international relationship of the two national park agencies that in 1968 began to offer joint training classes for protected-area managers from around the world. Within the British settler societies that dominated nineteenth century park-making, the United States’ National Park Service (NPS) and Canada’s National Parks Branch were the most closely linked and most frequently cooperative. Contrary to campfire myths and nationalist narratives, however, the relationship was not a one-way flow of information and motivation from the US to Canada. Indeed, the latter boasted a park bureaucracy before the NPS was established. The relationship of the two nations’ park leaders in the half century leading up to 1968 demonstrates the complexity of defining the influences on park management and its diffusion from one country to another.

Managing rivers for conservation and ecotourism in the Kruger National Park

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Venter ◽  
A. R. Deacon
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Three Rivers

Six major rivers flow through the Kruger National Park (KNP). All these rivers originate outside and to the west of the KNP and are highly utilized. They are crucially important for the conservation of the unique natural environments of the KNP. The human population growth in the Lowveld during the past two decades brought with it the rapid expansion of irrigation farming, exotic afforestation and land grazed by domestic stock, as well as the establishment of large towns, mines, dams and industries. Along with these developments came overgrazing, erosion, over-utilization and pollution of rivers, as well as clearing of indigenous forests from large areas outside the borders of the KNP. Over-utilization of the rivers which ultimately flow through the KNP poses one of the most serious challenges to the KNP's management. This paper gives the background to the development in the catchments and highlights the problems which these have caused for the KNP. Management actions which have been taken as well as their results are discussed and solutions to certain problems proposed. Three rivers, namely the Letaba, Olifants and Sabie are respectively described as examples of an over-utilized river, a polluted river and a river which is still in a fairly good condition.

Into Russian Nature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Roe
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
National Parks ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
National Park ◽  
World War ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Goals

Into Russian Nature examines the history of the Russian national park movement. Russian biologists and geographers had been intrigued with the idea of establishing national parks before the Great October Revolution but pushed the Soviet government successfully to establish nature reserves (zapovedniki) during the USSR’s first decades. However, as the state pushed scientists to make zapovedniki more “useful” during the 1930s, some of the system’s staunchest defenders started supporting tourism in them. In the decades after World War II, the USSR experienced a tourism boom and faced a chronic shortage of tourism facilities. Also during these years, Soviet scientists took active part in Western-dominated international environmental protection organizations, where they became more familiar with national parks. In turn, they enthusiastically promoted parks for the USSR as a means to reconcile environmental protection and economic development goals, bring international respect to Soviet nature protection efforts, and help instill a love for the country’s nature and a desire to protect it in Russian/Soviet citizens. By the late 1980s, their supporters pushed transformative, and in some cases quixotic, park proposals. At the same time, national park opponents presented them as an unaffordable luxury during a time of economic struggle, especially after the USSR’s collapse. Despite unprecedented collaboration with international organizations, Russian national parks received little governmental support as they became mired in land-use conflicts with local populations. While the history of Russia’s national parks illustrates a bold attempt at reform, the state’s failure’s to support them has left Russian park supporters deeply disillusioned.

scholarly journals Values of Travel Time for Recreational Trips under Different Behavioural Rules

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6831
Author(s):  
Rosa Marina González ◽  
Concepción Román ◽  
Ángel Simón Marrero
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
National Park ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Discrete Choice Models ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Regret Minimization ◽  
Random Regret Minimization

In this study, discrete choice models that combine different behavioural rules are estimated to study the visitors’ preferences in relation to their travel mode choices to access a national park. Using a revealed preference survey conducted on visitors of Teide National Park (Tenerife, Spain), we present a hybrid model specification—with random parameters—in which we assume that some attributes are evaluated by the individuals under conventional random utility maximization (RUM) rules, whereas others are evaluated under random regret minimization (RRM) rules. We then compare the results obtained using exclusively a conventional RUM approach to those obtained using both RUM and RRM approaches, derive monetary valuations of the different components of travel time and calculate direct elasticity measures. Our results provide useful instruments to evaluate policies that promote the use of more sustainable modes of transport in natural sites. Such policies should be considered as priorities in many national parks, where negative transport externalities such as traffic congestion, pollution, noise and accidents are causing problems that jeopardize not only the sustainability of the sites, but also the quality of the visit.

scholarly journals The Wadden Sea as a National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site: Students’ Word Associations with These Two Conservation Designations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8006
Author(s):  
Till Schmäing ◽  
Norbert Grotjohann
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Word Associations ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Significant Difference

The Wadden Sea ecosystem is unique in many respects from a biological perspective. This is one reason why it is protected by national parks in Germany and by its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In biology didactics, there are only a few studies that focus on the Wadden Sea. This work investigates students’ word associations with the two stimulus words “national park” and “UNESCO World Heritage Site”. The survey was conducted among students living directly at the Wadden Sea and among students from the inland. The analysis of the identified associations (n = 8345) was carried out within the framework of a quantitative content analysis to be able to present and discuss the results on a group level. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. Overall, results showed that the students made subject-related associations as well as a large number of associations to both stimulus words that could be judged as non-subject-related. In some cases, a connection with the region of residence could be found, but this was not generally the case. Even students’ immediate residential proximity to the Wadden Sea is no guarantee that they have knowledge of the two considered protection terms.

scholarly journals Does a National Park Enhance the Environment-Friendliness of Tourists as an Ecotourism Destination?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8321
Author(s):  
Eunseong Jeong ◽  
Taesoo Lee ◽  
Alan Dixon Brown ◽  
Sara Choi ◽  
Minyoung Son
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
National Park ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
The Relationship

Governments have designated national parks to protect the natural environment against ecosystem destruction and improve individuals’ emotional and recreational life. National parks enhance environment-friendly awareness by conducting ecotourism activities and individuals with environment-friendly awareness are inclined to continue to visit national parks as ecotourism destinations. The New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) is a widely used measure of environmental concern, suitable for measuring the environment-friendly attitude and revisit intention of visitors of national parks. Therefore, the study carried out structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the relationship between the NEP, national park conservation consciousness and environment-friendly behavioral intention. Based on the results, an implication is presented to induce national parks to cultivate individual environment-friendly awareness and for visitors to pursue sustainable, environment-friendly tourism behavior. The findings indicate that national parks are to expand educational programs and facilities for eco-tourists visiting national parks to maintain a balanced relationship between themselves and nature and have a strong environmental awareness to preserve the natural environment.

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