scholarly journals “Understanding as Translation”: The Gadamerian Legacy in George Steiner’s Philosophy of Internal Translation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Piecychna
Keyword(s):  
Specific Form ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Important Clue ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Internal Translation ◽  
The Impact

This essay investigates the similarities between Steiner’s and Ga­da­mer’s views on “understanding as translation”, since both thinkers were par­tic­ularly in­ter­ested in the case of so-called translation-from-within. The main aim of this essay, how­ever, is not to discuss how Gadamer and Steiner addressed the problem of trans­lation per se. Instead, by starting with the assumption that, for both thinkers, trans­lation serves as a category to depict the complexities of understanding, my objective is to demonstrate how similar their ideas are con­cern­ing factors which either revolve around the act of understanding (cir­cu­lar­ity), or determine its speci­fici­ty (historicity). My analysis shows that both Ga­damer and Steiner devoted much attention to the impact of history on a human being’s interpretation of certain frag­ments of reality and to the di­a­log­i­cal interaction with texts (broadly understood), this being a specific form of her­meneutic conversation which proceeds according to the interpretive cir­cu­lar­ity specific to the hermeneutic tradition. The connection between Ga­da­mer­ian and Steinerian thought may serve as an important clue to the un­derstanding of the philosophical systems of the two thinkers, in particular their views on trans­lation characterized as the act of intralingual communication, an issue which still remains significantly understudied. These findings may also prove use­ful for the development of translation theory, especially its hermeneutic dimension.

The impact of Airbnb on a non-touristic city. A Case study of short-term rentals in Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain)

Erdkunde ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Marcus Hübscher ◽  
Juana Schulze ◽  
Felix zur Lage ◽  
Johannes Ringel
Keyword(s):  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rental Market ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Web Scraping ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Impact

Short-term rentals such as Airbnb have become a persistent element of today’s urbanism around the globe. The impacts are manifold and differ depending on the context. In cities with a traditionally smaller accommodation market, the impacts might be particularly strong, as Airbnb contributes to ongoing touristification processes. Despite that, small and medium-sized cities have not been in the centre of research so far. This paper focuses on Santa Cruz de Tenerife as a medium-sized Spanish city. Although embedded in the touristic region of the Canary Islands, Santa Cruz is not a tourist city per se but still relies on touristification strategies. This paper aims to expand the knowledge of Airbnb’s spatial patterns in this type of city. The use of data collected from web scraping and geographic information systems (GIS) demonstrates that Airbnb has opened up new tourism markets outside of the centrally established tourist accommodations. It also shows that the price gap between Airbnb and the housing rental market is broadest in neighbourhoods that had not experienced tourism before Airbnb entered the market. In the centre the highest prices and the smallest units are identified, but two peripheral quarters stand out. Anaga Mountains, a natural and rural space, has the highest numbers of Airbnb listings per capita. Suroeste, a suburban quarter, shows the highest growth rates on the rental market, which implies a linkage between Airbnb and suburbanization processes.

scholarly journals History and impact of a bean (Phaseolus spp., Leguminosae, Phaseoleae) collection

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-43
Author(s):  
Daniel Debouck ◽  
Marcela Santaella ◽  
Luis Guillermo Santos
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Tropical Agriculture ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Resources Conservation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conservation And Management

This work explains the reasons why a bean collection was established in 1973 at the International Center of Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) near Palmira in Colombia. It shows the impact of the collection on plant breeding and in agricultural development through the distribution of germplasm to the center’s bean breeding program, to successively find resistances to pests and diseases, adaptation to low phosphorus and drought, and more recently higher content of iron and zinc in seeds. The collection was also used to progress knowledge in biological sciences, as shown by a dozen of examples. A reason behind these successes was foresight and focus on diversity per se in the collection. The paper ends with a number of suggestions for the way ahead for the genetic resources conservation and management of these bean crops, and possible take-home lessons for curators in charge of other similar collections.

Internet Trust as a Specific Form of Technology Trust and its Influence on Online Banking Adoption

2010 ◽  
pp. 174-192
Author(s):  
Sonja Grabner-Kräuter ◽  
Rita Faullant
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Internet Banking ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Online Banking ◽  
Technological Systems ◽  
Propensity To Trust ◽  
The Impact

The construct of trust is important for online banking, because it underlines what is conducive to an enabling online banking environment. This chapter reports on an empirical study of 381 bank customers in Austria that investigates the role of Internet trust as a specific form of technology trust in the context of Internet banking. Furthermore the impact of propensity to trust as a facet of personality on Internet trust is investigated. The findings stress the importance of Internet trust as a determinant of consumer attitudes toward Internet banking and its adoption. In addition, the results show that propensity to trust is a determinant not only for trust in interpersonal relationships but also for trust in technological systems.

Das Spiel des Übersetzens. Grundzüge einer komparativen Studie

2021 ◽  
pp. 453-486
Author(s):  
Eliane Laverdure
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Linguistic Transfer ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hans Georg Gadamer

This article seeks to shed some light on the experience of interpretation and translation from a hermeneutical point of view, more precisely on how the subjectivity of the translator plays an essential mediation role in the process of rendering the meaning of a text in a new language, a role that certainly goes beyond the sole linguistic transfer, without being per se subjective. This idea can best be understood through the concept of “game” as developed by the philosopher Hans-Georg Gadamer and introduced in translation theory by Fritz Paepcke, because it offers a model in which the participation of the individual is necessary without being arbitrary, since the players have to abide by the rules of the specific game they are playing – in this case, the text itself. However, the aim of this article is not to offer a method of translation, but is rather an attempt to consider the adequacy of translation on the basis of subjective and intersubjective factors – including the translator’s own prior knowledge and experience, his openness towards the text and his critical self-awareness – and therefore to propose an alternative to the overly normative and restrictive theoretical framework strictly focused on linguistic equivalence between ST and TT.

Can Advertising Copy Make FSI Coupons More Effective?

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
France Leclerc ◽  
John D. C. Little
Keyword(s):  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Packaged Goods ◽  
Print Advertisement ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Impact

Packaged goods manufacturers distribute cents-off coupons in freestanding inserts (FSIs) in newspapers. Free-standing insert coupons are typically composed of two parts: the coupon per se and a print advertisement. Using two laboratory experiments and a separate analysis of coupon measurements from scanner panels, the authors investigate whether the content of the print advertisement influences the effectiveness of the coupon. Theoretical arguments suggest that the impact on consumer attitudes will depend on the executional cues of the copy, the brand loyalty of the consumers, and the consumer's involvement with the product category. The results support the theoretical framework and suggest that it is possible to make FSI coupons more effective by choosing appropriate executional cues for their advertising copy.

scholarly journals Clavulanate Induces Expression of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa AmpC Cephalosporinase at Physiologically Relevant Concentrations and Antagonizes the Antibacterial Activity of Ticarcillin

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 882-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Lister ◽  
Victoria M. Gardner ◽  
Christine C. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Model ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Minimal Level ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Although previous studies have indicated that clavulanate may induce AmpC expression in isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the impact of this inducer activity on the antibacterial activity of ticarcillin at clinically relevant concentrations has not been investigated. Therefore, a study was designed to determine if the inducer activity of clavulanate was associated with in vitro antagonism of ticarcillin at pharmacokinetically relevant concentrations. By the disk approximation methodology, clavulanate induction of AmpC expression was observed with 8 of 10 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Quantitative studies demonstrated a significant induction of AmpC when clavulanate-inducible strains were exposed to the peak concentrations of clavulanate achieved in human serum with the 3.2- and 3.1-g doses of ticarcillin-clavulanate. In studies with three clavulanate-inducible strains in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model, antagonism of the bactericidal effect of ticarcillin was observed in some tests with regimens simulating a 3.1-g dose of ticarcillin-clavulanate and in all tests with regimens simulating a 3.2-g dose of ticarcillin-clavulanate. No antagonism was observed in studies with two clavulanate-noninducible strains. In contrast to clavulanate, tazobactam failed to induce AmpC expression in any strains, and the pharmacodynamics of piperacillin-tazobactam were somewhat enhanced over those of piperacillin alone against all strains studied. Overall, the data collected from the pharmacodynamic model suggested that induction per se was not always associated with reduced killing but that a certain minimal level of induction by clavulanate was required before antagonism of the antibacterial activity of its companion drug occurred. Nevertheless, since clinically relevant concentrations of clavulanate can antagonize the bactericidal activity of ticarcillin, the combination of ticarcillin-clavulanate should be avoided when selecting an antipseudomonal β-lactam for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. For piperacillin-tazobactam, induction is not an issue in the context of treating this pathogen.

Japan’s Security and Historical Revisionism: Explaining the Variation in Responses to and Impact of Textbook Controversies

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-336
Author(s):  
M. Erika Pollmann
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Historical Revisionism ◽  
Soft Balancing ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Economic Relationship ◽  
The Impact

This article builds on previous academic works to elucidate a theory as to how Japan’s historical revisionism could have a negative impact on Japan’s security. It then tests this theory by examining the impact that the 1982, 1986, 2001 and 2005 controversies had on Japan’s relationships with China, South Korea, Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam. It concludes that historical revisionism does not have a significant security impact, defined as audience states’ distancing themselves from Japan, diplomatically ‘soft’ balancing Japan, or militarily ‘hard’ balancing Japan. This research design is an improvement over previous works on this subject because it draws a clear distinction between reaction and impact. Even though it is ‘cheap’ to impute Japanese motives following an act of historical revisionism, it is ‘costly’ to act on such accusations by either distancing from Japan or balancing against Japan. This helps clarify what concerns– if any–Japan should have about the collateral damage arising from historical revisionism. Based on the empirical evidence examined, historical revisionism per se does not pose a serious problem to Japan because the most important determinant of how severe a controversy’s impact on Japan’s relationship with a given audience state is the pre-existing nature of Japan’s security and economic relationship with that state. The most significant consequence of revisionism is that it presents an opening for China—Japan’s main security rival in the region—to attempt to ‘soft’ balance Japan by rallying international opinion against Japan in such a way as to impede other Japanese diplomatic objectives.

Evaluating the impact of distributed culturally responsive leadership in a disadvantaged rural primary school in Ireland

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Brown ◽  
Gerry McNamara ◽  
Joe O’Hara ◽  
Stafford Hood ◽  
Denise Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Distributed Leadership ◽  
Culturally Responsive ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Culturally Responsive Leadership ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Impact

This paper suggests that distributed leadership is a vital first step in making schools flexible enough to respond to new pressures. However, it is then argued that distributed leadership per se does not necessarily imply a commitment to a particular stance on issues of social justice, such as equality, but rather that this can only flow from leaders becoming culturally responsive to the diverse traditions and needs of the changing populations of their schools. We define this combination as ‘distributed culturally responsive leadership’. The second part of the paper attempts to illustrate this argument by closely examining the philosophy and actions of a particular principal who is regarded as an exemplar of good practice. The methodology used in the school case study is described and, finally, we provide a presentation and analysis of the data followed by a discussion of the research findings.

Specific Deterrence and the DUI Offender: The Impact of California's Administrative Per Se Law

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney F. Kingsnorth
Keyword(s):  
Specific Deterrence ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Impact

THE IMPACT OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ON REGIONAL DISPARITIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Šoltés ◽  
Katarína Repková Štofková
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

The structure of the business environment, as part of the socio-economic situation, indirectly affects a citizen’s quality of life. A “friendly” business environment has a positive effect on job formation, thus helping with employment. A country encourages formation and development of large enterprises through various incentives that reduce regional disparities, especially in less-developed regions. Nevertheless, a huge majority of enterprises in the European Union are small- and medium-sized. Self-employed persons are considered a specific form of business. Their activity is strongly influenced by state policy. This paper analyzes the business environment in regions of the Slovak Republic. Its principal aim is to examine the development of regional disparities and the related quality of citizens’ lives. An evaluation of statistical data of the structure of the business environment in the Slovak Republic indicated a change in legal units in relation to business. Although the number of legal units are stable, the number of legal persons has increased and that of natural persons-entrepreneurs decreased. Deepening of regional disparities was not observed across regions of the Slovak Republic.

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