scholarly journals REINFORCEMENT OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES WITH COMPOSITE MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Иван Бондарь ◽  
Салман Аль Дулайми ◽  
Алдекеева Динара ◽  
Токжан Куатбаева
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
External Reinforcement ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Scale Grid

Recently, in the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as in other countries of theAsian region, it is becoming more and more urgent to strengthen the operated reinforcedconcrete structures with external reinforcement systems with carbon materials during thereconstruction of any engineering structures. In order to eliminate the consequences of concretedestruction and reinforcement corrosion as a result of long-term exposure to natural factors andaggressive environments, carbon fiber external reinforcement systems are widely used during the operation of structures designed to repair and strengthen the load-bearing structures of artificialstructures. External reinforcement is used to increase the seismic resistance, strength andreliability of the structures being built, as well as to increase the time between repairs. The repairsystem provides for the use of materials and technologies that ensure stopping and preventingfurther corrosion of reinforcement and concrete, reliable adhesion of repair compounds with oldconcrete, increased water resistance, frost resistance and chemical resistance. This articledescribes FibARM carbon materials that are used to strengthen columns and pylons, broadbandreinforcement of slabs, beams, crossbars and structures with increased requirements forreinforcement joints, covering reinforcement of concrete with large-scale grid cracking.The mainmethods of strengthening the stretched and bent elements of building structures of artificialstructures are considered, and the technology of work on strengthening the structures of artificialstructures is also given.

scholarly journals Geodetic monitoring of deformations of engineering structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
G.M. Urazbaev ◽  
◽  
A.A. Altayeva ◽  
Zh.T. Kozhayev ◽  
M.G. Mustafin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Special Services ◽  
Building Monitoring ◽  
Geodetic Control ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Instrumental Control

Unfortunately, all kinds of anthropogenic and natural factors contribute to the deformation of man-made structures. Geodetic control of buildings and structures, timely detection and elimination of deformations is a guarantee of long-term operation of the building. Monitoring is one of the most important tools to ensure the reliability and safety of multi-storey and large-scale buildings and structures during construction and operation. A significant amount of instrumental control during construction and operation is carried out by geodetic methods. Geodetic methods are used to determine both local and general deformations of buildings and structures, deviations of load-bearing, fencing structures from vertical and design drawings, foundations and soil settlements, through which the technical condition of the building or structure is specially assessed. Today, the analysis of deformations is an important task for every region of our country, especially for areas with changes in the earth's surface. The field of deformation research in the Republic of Kazakhstan is quite developed and there are many necessary materials to identify such changes. In our country, special services are organized to control any benchmarks and analyze the results of high-precision measurements in several cycles to detect any changes on the earth's surface. Therefore, this article provides an overview of both the classical methods of geodetic control and the tools and technologies used to determine the quantitative characteristics of the deformation of engineering objects.

scholarly journals Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Grapevine Viruses in Russia

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1080
Author(s):  
Elena Porotikova ◽  
Uliana Terehova ◽  
Vitalii Volodin ◽  
Eugeniya Yurchenko ◽  
Svetlana Vinogradova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Grapevine Virus A ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Rupestris Stem Pitting

Viral diseases can seriously damage the vineyard productivity and the quality of grape and wine products. Therefore, the study of the species composition and range of grapevine viruses is important for the development and implementation of strategies and tactics to limit their spread and increase the economic benefits of viticulture. In 2014–2019, we carried out a large-scale phytosanitary monitoring of Russian commercial vineyards in the Krasnodar region, Stavropol region and Republic of Crimea. A total of 1857 samples were collected and tested for the presence of Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV), Grapevine virus A (GVA), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1 (GLRaV-1), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-2 (GLRaV-2), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3), Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), and Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) using RT-PCR. Out of all samples tested, 54.5% were positive for at least one of the viruses (GRSPaV, GVA, GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, GFLV, GFkV) in the Stavropol region, 49.8% in the Krasnodar region and 49.5% in the Republic of Crimea. Some plants were found to be infected with several viruses simultaneously. In the Republic of Crimea, for instance, a number of plants were infected with five viruses. In the Krasnodar region and the Republic of Crimea, 4.7% and 3.3% of the samples were predominantly infected with both GFkV and GRSPaV, whereas in the Stavropol region, 6% of the selected samples had both GLRaV-1 and GVA infections. We carried out a phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein genes of the detected viruses and identified the presence of GVA of groups I and IV, GRSPaV of groups BS and SG1, GLRaV-1 of group III, GLRaV-2 of groups PN and H4, GLRaV-3 of groups I and III. The results obtained make it possible to assess the viral load and the distribution of the main grapevine viruses on plantations in the viticultural zones of Russia, emphasizing the urgent need to develop and implement long-term strategies for the control of viral diseases of grapes.

scholarly journals ARTIFICIAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS: CONDITION AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Раис Минниханов ◽  
Rais Minnihanov ◽  
Харрис Мусин ◽  
Kharris Musin ◽  
Нурсиль Гибадуллин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Good Seed ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Development Prospects

The research methodology is based on generally accepted silvicultural and taxation techniques, methods of observation, and the method of test plots. The objects of research were the forests of the Republic of Tatarstan. Forests were created on an area of 17 553 hectares with a clear cutting area of 9 190 hectares for the years 1962-2001 in the forest fund of the GKU “Sabinskoe Forestry”. A part of forest cultures was created under the canopy of soft-leaved stands, in which non-continuous logging was carried out, but they did not have a sufficient amount of conifer undergrowth. The number of self-seeding per 1 m2 of mineralized area with the disc soil mineralization of KLB-1.7 on average is 1.4 times more than in the control variant. The bulk of self-seeding settles in the middle of the prepared lanes and grounds. In 1990, the number of self-seeding at the center of the bands averaged 81%, and at the edges - 19%, with fluctuations in some areas from 51 to 85%. In the next 2 years, the number of self seeding at the center of the lanes decreased on average by 65%, at the edges to 97%. Consequently, in high-grade crops of spruce, one cannot count on the accumulation of self-seeding after sampling either every 4th or every 8th rows of crops and soil mineralization even with good seed yield. It is necessary to improve the method of cutting and soil preparation. The thinning of plantations in the adjacent rows at the same time as felling could be effective, but they were not considered in further studies, because clear felling showed its futility. Conducted long-term large-scale production experiments demonstrate the possibilities of transferring artificial forest ecosystems to the path of natural development by the system of complex logging.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Computer Analyses in Preventive Health Research

1967 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Collen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
New Era ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Normal Test ◽  
Computer Analyses

The utilization of an automated multitest laboratory as a data acquisition center and of a computer for trie data processing and analysis permits large scale preventive medical research previously not feasible. Normal test values are easily generated for the particular population studied. Long-term epidemiological research on large numbers of persons becomes practical. It is our belief that the advent of automation and computers has introduced a new era of preventive medicine.

Sinn Féin and the IRA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Sinn Fein ◽  
Peace Processes ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Irish Republicanism ◽  
The Republic ◽  
British State ◽  
State Responses

When Sinn Féin and the IRA emerged in Northern Ireland in 1969 they used a combination of revolutionary politics and violence to an effort to overthrow British rule. Today, the IRA is in a state of ‘retirement’, violence is a tactic of the past, and Sinn Féin is a co-ruler of Northern Ireland and an ever growing political player in the Republic of Ireland. This is one of the most startling transformations of a radical violent movement into a peaceful political one in recent times. So what exactly changed within Irish republicanism, what remains the same, and, crucially, what caused these changes? Where existing studies explain the decision to end violence as the product of stalemate or strategic interplay with the British state, this book draws on a wealth of archival material and interviews to argue that moderation was a long-term process of increasing inclusion and contact with political institutions, which gradually extracted moderate concessions from republicanism. Crucially, these concessions did not necessitate republicans forsaking their long-term ethno-national goals. The book also considers the wider implications of Irish republicanism for other cases of separatist conflict, and has significance for the future study of state responses to violent separatism and of comparative peace processes.

(A review) Atlas of especially protected natural areas of Saint Petersburg / Ed. in chief V. N. Khramtsov, T. V. Kovaleva, N. Yu. Natsvaladze. St. Petersburg, 2013. 176 p.

2014 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Z. V. Karamysheva
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Original Illustrations ◽  
Vegetation Maps ◽  
Protected Natural Areas

The review contains detailed description of the «Atlas of especially protected natural areas of Saint Petersburg» published in 2013. This publication presents the results of long-term studies of 12 natural protected areas made by a large research team in the years from 2002 to 2013 (see References). The Atlas contains a large number of the historical maps, new satellite images, the original illustrations, detailed texts on the nature of protected areas, summary tables of rare species of vascular plants, fungi and vertebrates recorded in these areas. Special attention is paid to the principles of thematic large-scale mapping. The landscape maps, the vegetation maps as well as the maps of natural processes in landscapes are included. Reviewed Atlas deserves the highest praise.

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