Separation of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Mengkudu Fruit (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) and Its Antidiabetic Activity by Glucose Tolerance Method on Mice

Samama (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) is one of a pioneer indigenous fast growing species in Indonesia which have been used as traditional medicine for various diseases. The objectives were to determine the yield extract, to analyze their antidiabetic activity by inhibition assay for α-glucosidase enzyme activity and chemical analysis with GCMS. Extraction of leaves, bark and wood samples were done by using ethanol 95%. Fractionation the most active ethanol extract was conducted by using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The yield of ethanol extracts in leaves, bark and wood were 13.90%, 12.87%, and 2.18% respectively. Based on antidiabetic activity assay, the bark ethanol extract was the most active extract by the IC50 value of 5.86 μg mL-1. Phytochemical analysis on bark ethanol extracts showed that they contained flavonoid, quinon, triterpenoid, saponin and tannin which were assumed have high contribution in antidiabetic activities. The result of fractionation ethanol extract bark showed that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active fraction (IC50 6.82 μg mL-1). GCMS analysis indicated the presence of dominant phenolic compounds such as pyrocatechol, antiarol, isopropyl myristate and phenol in which were suspected have antidiabetic activity. These results strongly suggested that ethyl acetate fraction of Samama bark was a potential natural source for antidiabetic agents.

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Identification of Active Compound Extracts from Noni Fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) and Its Potential as Antioxidants

Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi ◽

10.14710/jksa.22.5.206-212 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 206-212

Author(s):

Sogandi Sogandi ◽

Rabima Rabima

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

The Body ◽

Morinda Citrifolia ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Oxidation Reactions ◽

First Time

Antioxidants are compounds that can inhibit oxidation reactions by binding to free radicals and highly reactive molecules. One form of reactive oxygen compounds is free radicals, these compounds are formed in the body and are triggered by various factors. Noni fruits have been used by the community as a medicine for high blood pressure, beriberi, urinating, inflammation of bile, inflammation of the intestine, dysentery, constipation, spleen pain, liver pain, diabetes and lumbago. Nevertheless, research on the identification of the active compounds of noni fruit which act as antioxidants yet. This study aims to extract and fractionation of Noni fruit, determine the antioxidant activity of Noni fruit extract, and identify the types of bioactive compounds that act as antioxidants. Noni fruit was extracted used maceration technique with 96% ethanol and then fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents. Antioxidant activity from the results of noni fruit fractionation was measured by the DPPH (1.1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrachyl) method and identification of bioactive compounds was carried out by GCMS. The results showed the greatest antioxidant activity was found in chloroform fraction with a percentage of inhibition of 78.19%. For the first time this study revealed the types of bioactive compounds from noni fruit ethyl acetate fraction which act as antioxidants are n-hexadecanoic acid, squalene, pyridin-3-carboxamide, oxime, n- (2-trifluoro methyl phenyl), and beta-sitosterol

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Chemical composition, antioxidant, alpha-glucosidase inhibitory, anticholinesterase and photoprotective activities of the aerial parts of Schinus molle L.

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407216999201014153251 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Mustapha M. Bouhenna ◽

Chawki Bensouici ◽

Latifa Khattabi ◽

Farid Chebrouk ◽

Nabil Mameri

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Sun Protection ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Protection Factor ◽

Schinus Molle ◽

Rp Hplc ◽

Sun Protection Factor

Background: Schinus molle L. is a medicinal and aromatic plant widely used in folk medicine commonly found in Algeria and Mediterranean region. In the present work, we investigated the in vitro antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase, αglucosidase inhibitory and photoprotective potentials of the Schinus molle L. plant’s extract/fractions. The metabolite profile of Schinus molle L. was analyzed using RP-HPLC and GC-MS. Methods: Antioxidant activity was assessed using different tests. Anticholinesterase activity was investigated by quantifying the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Antidiabetic activity was investigated by αglucosidase inhibition test, whereas photoprotective activity was evaluated by sun protection factor (SPF) using spectrophotometry UV-Vis. The extracts were then submitted to RP-HPLC–PDA and GC–MS analysis. Results: Ethyl acetate and buthanol fractions with high contents of total phenolics and flavonoids exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited considerable enzyme inhibition potential on acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase with percentages of inhibition of 99.08 ± 0.79 %, 100 % and 98.80 ± 0.18 % respectively. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction showed high photoprotective activity with the sun protection factor (SPF) value = 38,26 ± 0.73. Three phenolic acids (gallic, tannic and vanillic acids) and five flavonoids (myricetin, apigenin, naringenin, rutin and quercetin) were identified with RP-HPLC–PDA. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Schinus molle L. may be useful in the development of an alternative agent for oxidative stress, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes and could be used as a natural sunscreen in pharmaceutics or cosmetic formulations.

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In vitro antidiabetic potentials, antioxidant activities and phytochemical profile of african black pepper (Piper guineense)

Clinical Phytoscience ◽

10.1186/s40816-020-00236-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

L. A. Sulaimon ◽

E. O. Anise ◽

E. M. Obuotor ◽

T. A. Samuel ◽

A. I. Moshood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Piper Guineense ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Butanol Fraction

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of glucose metabolism and management of blood glucose level is the hallmark in the treatment of this disease. The present study investigated chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of different fractions of 80% methanol Piper guineense leaves extract. Materials and methods The crude methanolic extract of P. guineense was obtained following 80% methanol cold extraction and was successively partitioned with dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (nBuOH) and aqueous solvents to give four fractions. The chemical composition of the fractions from P. guineense was determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and their potentials as antioxidant and anti-diabetes were evaluated. Results The percentage yields were 3.16, 2.22, 0.68 and 0.66% (w/w) in n-butanol, DCM, aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions of P. guineense methanolic extract, respectively. The GC-MS analyses identified a total of 71 and 34 phytochemicals in n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions respectively. Tributyl acetylcitrate (10.95%) and phytol (9.11%) were the major components in the n-butanol fraction while ethyl piperonyl cyanoacetate (27.35%) and phytol (15.17%) were the major constituents in the ethyl acetate fraction. Ethyl acetate fraction had the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power with a value of 53.96 ± 0.40 mgAAE/g while n-butanol fraction possessed highest total antioxidant power (9.98 ± 0.15) followed by aqueous fraction (9.72 ± 0.02). The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions with IC50 value of 0.24 ± 0.07 and 0.83 ± 0.15 μg/mL respectively elicited significant inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase while only n-butanol fraction (IC50 = 0.33 ± 0.09 μg/ml) exhibited appreciable inhibition against α-amylase activity. However, none of the four fractions showed significant inhibitory activity towards dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV. Conclusion n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions of 80% methanol P. guineense leaves extract can be a potential source of bioactive compounds of pharmacological importance in the management of diabetes.

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EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIALS OF DIFFERENT FRACTIONS OF MAYTENUS HEYNEANA ROOT EXTRACT

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v12i1.30088 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 408

Author(s):

Sumithira G ◽

Senthil Kumar Gp

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Cation Radical ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Root Extract ◽

Prevention Of Diabetes

Objective: In an attempt to explore herbal drug which may become useful in the prevention of diabetes and antioxidant potential by the ethanol extracts of Maytenus heyneana (MH) root belonging to the family Celastraceae and their different fractions were studied.Methods: Different fractionation was done using chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol on ethanolic extract of MH and preliminary phytochemical analysis was done by standard methods to identify the presence of important compounds. In vitro antioxidants activities were carried by 2,2-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) cation radical scavenging assays. For antidiabetic potential, α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory studies were carried on different fractions.Results: Phytochemical studies show the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, cardiac glycosides, and terpenoids in all fractionations; however, tannins and quinones were present in ethyl acetate fraction and saponins in methanolic fraction. For antioxidant activity, ethyl acetate fraction shows concentration of the sample causing 50% inhibition (IC50) values in 22.31 μg/ml and methanolic fraction shows in 12.82 μg/ml concentrations for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay, respectively. In case of antidiabetic activity, methanolic fraction offered significant result in inhibitory action of α-glucosidase and also for α-amylase assay IC50 (5.28 and 3.14 μg/ml) than other fractions.Conclusion: From the results of our studies, it can be concluded that MH shows antidiabetic and antioxidant values and methanolic fraction of MH could be possessed potential constituents in the prevention of diabetes and antioxidant than other fractions. However, further studies are required to validate.

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RESEARCH ON PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ALFA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF RUELLIA TUBEROSA

Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.15625/2525-2518/56/4a/13115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (4A) ◽

pp. 106

Author(s):

Dung Tien Le

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Spectroscopic Method ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

2D Nmr ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Methanol Fraction ◽

Folk Remedy

ABSTRACT-HCTN75Rullia tuberosa L. is a folk remedy in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, anti inflammation and diuretic agent. However, its hypoglycemic activity has not been investigated so far. In the present study, the antidiabetic activity of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol fraction of crude ethanolic extract of this plant were investigated. Our preliminary results showed that the crude ethanol extract as well as ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of Ruellia tuberosa showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 of 15.84, 4.73 and 8.27 µg/ml, respectively. From the ethyl acetate extract of whole plant of Rullia tuberosa, four compounds, including rutin (1), syringaresinol (2), catechin (3) and pulmatin (4) were isolated and identified by column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic method including MS, 1D and 2D- NMR and comparison with the literature values.

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In Vitro Antidiabetic Activities of Extract and Isolated Flavonoid Compounds from Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.21261 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 7-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Puspa Dewi Narrij Lotulung ◽

Tjandrawati Mozef ◽

Chandra Risdian ◽

Akhmad Darmawan

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Inhibition Mechanism ◽

Artocarpus Altilis ◽

Flavonoid Compounds ◽

Mechanism Of Inhibition ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The antidiabetic activity test through a mechanism of inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme was studied against ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of ethanol extract of Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg (Moraceae) leaves and four flavonoid compounds isolated from ethyl acetate extracts of A. altilis. Ethyl acetate fraction has strongest antidiabetic activity compared to ethanol, n-hexane, and n-butanol fractions with IC50values5.98,6.79, 440.18and14.42μg/mL, respectively. Four flavonoid compounds (1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[8-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-5-yl]-1-propanone (AC-31), 2-geranyl-2',3,4,4'-tetrahydroxy dihydrochalcone (AC-51), 8-geranyl-4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone (AC-33) andcyclocommunol (AA-3), have been isolated from ethylacetate fraction. AC-31 was the strongest antidiabetic compound compared to AC-51, AC-33 and cyclocommunolwithIC50values are 15.73, 24.41,49.49,and72.20μg/mL. Kineticstudies of AC-31 using Lineweaver-Burk method showed that inhibition mechanism of enzymeα-glucosidase was anon-competitivetype.

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Kandungan Fenolik dan Flavonoid Total Daun Macaranga hispida (Blume) Mull. Arg sebagai Kandidat Obat Antidiabetes

Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia ◽

10.22435/jki.v11i1.2846 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Megawati Megawati ◽

Sofa Fajriah ◽

Edi Supriadi ◽

Galuh Widiyarti

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Total Flavonoid ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Total Flavonoid Content ◽

Activity Assay ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Ic50 Value

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the non communicable diseases (NCDs) with the largest number of deaths in the world. The Macaranga hispida (Blume) Mull. Arg is a source of phenolic compounds. Phenolic is grouped as polyphenols group that widely functioned as antidiabetic. The α-glucosidase enzyme plays a role in the forming of glycoproteins and glycolipids. The α-glucosidase enzyme can be used for antidiabetic activity assay because of its capability on breaking down carbohydrate into glucose in the human small intestine. This study aimed to determine phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antidiabetic activity of M. hispida leaves extract and its fraction. The extract and fraction were tested for the phenolic levels using Folin-Ciocalteau method, the total flavonoid using alumunium chloride method, and the antidiabetic activity using α-glukosidase method. The yield of methanolic extract of the Macaranga hispida was 10.23%. Phenolic content of the ethyl acetate fraction from the methanolic extract was 8.411 mg, equivalent to gallic acid/100 mg extract. Total flavonoid content was 6.14 ± 0.31b/b μg/mL. Antidiabetic activity assay of the extract and the fractions of Macaranga hispida resulted the highest antidiabetic activity (IC50) was in the ethyl acetate fraction with IC50 value 21.91 μg / mL.

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