scholarly journals New data on the stratigraphy of the Paleogene in Solnik area, Eastern Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Boris Valchev ◽  
Hristo Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Seismic Profiles

Based on lithostratigraphic reinterpretation of five borehole sections and lithostratigraphic interpretation of two seismic profiles, new data on the Dvoynitsa Formation’s lithology, subdivision and spatial distribution were obtained. The Armera and Gebesh Members were recognized in the area of the villages of Solnik and Bardarevo, as their spatial relationships and distribution are visualized by drawing up of four geological cross-sections.

scholarly journals New data on the Paleogene lithostratigraphic units’ distribution in the Avren Step south of Varna and Beloslav Lakes based on borehole data and seismic profiles’ interpretation

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Boris Valchev ◽  
Hristo Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Moesian Platform ◽  
Thickness Variability

The present article aims to provide new data on the spatial distribution and lithological features of the Paleogene lithostratigraphic units in the Avren Step, which is a part of the Moesian Platform in Eastern Bulgaria. On the basis of primary lithological data derived from 81 boreholes’ sections and lithostratigraphic interpretation of five seismic profiles, six formal Paleogene lithostratigraphic units were recognized. They are as follows: the Komarevo Fm. (Thanetian), the Beloslav Fm. (Ypresian), the Dikilitash Fm. (Ypresian), the Aladan Fm. (Ypresian), the Avren Fm. (uppermost Ypresian–Priabonian), and the Ruslar Fm. (Oligocene). Their spatial distribution and relationships in the northern part of the studied area are visualized by drawing up of five geological cross-sections, while the deep geological structure of the southern part is shown by lithostratigraphic interpretation of the five seismic profiles. Four of the units (the Beloslav, Dikilitash, Aladan and Ruslar Formations) demonstrate almost constant lithology throughout the whole studied area with some variations in their thickness. The Komarevo Formation, and especially the Avren Formation, show considerable lithologic and thickness variability.

scholarly journals Functional Morphology of the Cardiac Jelly in the Tubular Heart of Vertebrate Embryos

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Männer ◽  
Talat Mesud Yelbuz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Embryonic Heart ◽  
Endocardial Cushions ◽  
Valveless Pumping ◽  
Matrix Layer ◽  
Heart Looping ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Vertebrate Embryos ◽  
Heart Wall

The early embryonic heart is a multi-layered tube consisting of (1) an outer myocardial tube; (2) an inner endocardial tube; and (3) an extracellular matrix layer interposed between myocardium and endocardium, called “cardiac jelly” (CJ). During the past decades, research on CJ has mainly focused on its molecular and cell biological aspects. This review focuses on the morphological and biomechanical aspects of CJ. Special attention is given to (1) the spatial distribution and fiber architecture of CJ; (2) the morphological dynamics of CJ during the cardiac cycle; and (3) the removal/remodeling of CJ during advanced heart looping stages, which leads to the formation of ventricular trabeculations and endocardial cushions. CJ acts as a hydraulic skeleton displaying striking structural and functional similarities with the mesoglea of jellyfish. CJ not only represents a filler substance, facilitating end-systolic occlusion of the embryonic heart lumen. Its elastic components antagonize the systolic deformations of the heart wall and thereby power the refilling phase of the ventricular tube. Non-uniform spatial distribution of CJ generates non-circular cross sections of the opened endocardial tube (initially elliptic, later deltoid), which seem to be advantageous for valveless pumping. Endocardial cushions arise from non-removed remnants of the original CJ.

GEOPHYSICAL HISTORY OF PARENTIS OIL FIELD, FRANCE

Geophysics ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raoul Vajk ◽  
George Walton
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Gravity Anomalies ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Standard Oil Company ◽  
Aquitaine Basin ◽  
Surface Geology ◽  
Gravity Map

In 1951, the French Government granted an exclusive exploration permit to the Esso R.E.P. (a Standard Oil Company affiliate) over an area of 4,357,980 acres around Bordeaux in the northern part of the Aquitaine Basin, France. This area was investigated first by surface geology; then it was surveyed by the gravity meter. In checking the gravity anomalies by the reflection seismograph, a subsurface structure was found at Parentis in 1953, which was drilled in 1954, and was proved to be oil bearing. The Parentis oil field is the most important oil field, not only in France, but in all Europe outside the Iron Curtain. Gravity map, seismograph map, seismic profiles, telluric map and geological contour maps, and cross sections of the Parentis structure are presented.

Thrust sequences in the central part of the External Hellenides

2003 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
SPILIOS SOTIROPOULOS ◽  
EVANGELOS KAMBERIS ◽  
MARIA V. TRIANTAPHYLLOU ◽  
THEODOR DOUTSOS
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Additional Load ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Thrust Load

The model of a foreland propagating sequence already presented for the External Hellenides is significantly modified in this paper. New data are used, including structural maps, cross-sections, stratigraphic determinations and seismic profiles. In general, thrusts formed a foreland propagating sequence but they acted simultaneously for a long period of time. Thus, during the Middle Eocene the Pindos thrust resulted in the formation of the Ionian–Gavrovo foreland and acted in tandem with the newly formed Gavrovo thrust within the basin until the Late Oligocene. The Gavrovo thrust consists of segments, showing that out-of-sequence thrusting was important. Thrust nucleation and propagation history is strongly influenced by normal faults formed in the forebulge region of the Ionian–Gavrovo foreland basin. Shortening rates within the Gavrovo–Ionian foreland are low, about 1 mm/year. Although thrust load played an important role in the formation of this basin, the additional load of 3500 m thick clastics in the basin enhanced subsidence and underthrusting.

AUTOMATIC CONTOURING USING BICUBIC FUNCTIONS

Geophysics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hessing ◽  
Henry K. Lee ◽  
Alan Pierce ◽  
Eldon N. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Digital Computer ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Contour Line ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Volume Calculations ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Automatic Contouring

A method is described for using a digital computer to construct contour maps automatically. Contour lines produced by this method have correct relations to given discrete data points regardless of the spatial distribution of these points. The computer‐generated maps are comparable to those drawn manually. The region to be contoured is divided into quadrilaterals whose vertices include the data points. After supplying values at each of the remaining vertices by using a surface‐fitting technique, bicubic functions are constructed on each quadrilateral to form a smooth surface through the data points. Points on a contour line are obtained from these surfaces by solving the resulting cubic equations. The bicubic functions may be used for other calculations consistent with the contour maps, such as interpolation of equally spaced values, calculation of cross‐sections, and volume calculations.

Nanoparticles in Lustre Reconstructions

2004 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Fredrickx ◽  
J. Verbeeck ◽  
D. Schryvers ◽  
D. Hélary ◽  
E. Darque-Ceretti
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTIt is increasingly apparent that the spatial distribution of Ag and Cu nanoparticles in lustre glazes is an important factor in determining the colour displayed by the decoration. Using STEM-EDX of cross sections, this distribution can easily be imaged, as is demonstrated in two modern reconstructions of lustre decorations from Granada, Spain. On the nanoscale, the difference in colour can be related to a different spatial distribution of the Ag and Cu particles, with the brownish gold variant consisting of a top layer of Ag nanoparticles with an underlying layer of Cu nanoparticles while in the yellowish golden lustre Cu specks are unevenly dispersed.

scholarly journals Spatial Relationships, Dating and Taphonomy of the Human Bone from the Mesolithic site of Cnoc Coig, Oronsay, Argyll, Scotland

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 85-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Meiklejohn ◽  
Deborah C. Merrett ◽  
Richard W. Nolan ◽  
Michael P. Richards ◽  
Paul A. Mellars
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Bone Sample ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Shell Midden ◽  
Foot Bones

This paper examines the spatial distribution of the human bone sample excavated from the Mesolithic shell midden site of Cnoc Coig on Oronsay in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland. Although no burials were recovered the information from the apparently isolated bone finds has been significant. Two types of bone group are distinguished, one that resembles the widely reported ‘loose bone’ phenomenon that is widely recognised from European Mesolithic sites. The other, represented by two bone groups at Cnoc Coig, is, at this time, restricted to western Scotland. It is dominated by hand and foot bones and appears to represent purposive behaviour. We concentrate our discussion on the latter phenomenon and place it within discussion of the nature of the later Mesolithic in western Scotland.

Microelement mobile forms in southern taiga landscapes of the Central Forest State Biosphere Nature Reserve (Russia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Enchilik ◽  
Elena Aseeva ◽  
Ivan Semenkov ◽  
Olga Samonova ◽  
Anastasia Iovcheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Plant Soil

<p>We investigated the vertical and spatial distribution of chemical elements (ChEs) in four cross-sections within a catena formed in typical southern taiga on Retiosols , underlying loess  loams and carbonate moraine deposits. Catena located in the Tver' region (Russia). In plants (70 samples, 19 species) and soils (31 samples), the total content of the ChEs was determined by mass spectrometry. In soil samples, we measured pH, grain size and levels of ChE mobile fractions (exchangeable (F1), bound to organic complexes (F2) and bound to Fe and Mn hydroxides (F3).</p><p>In the A-horizons the average total concentration of Fe is 1,2%, Ti – 0,33%; Mn – 482 mg‧kg-1, Zr–292, Sr–90, Zn–39, Cr–21, Pb–21, Ni–9, Cu–8. The concentration of metal F1 diminishes in order: Fe>Mn>Sr>Zn, Pb>Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Zr. The concentrations of F2 and F3 show the following order: Fe>Mn>>Ti, Zr, Pb>Co>Ni, Cu, Zn>Cr, Sr and Fe>Mn>Ti>Zn, Sr, Pb>Cr>Cu, Ni, Co>Zr, respectively.</p><p>In all studied Retisols, vertical distribution of the total Pb and Zr, F1 of Co, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn, F2 of Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn, F3 of Pb accumulate in topsoil. For the total Co, Fe, Ni, Sr and Zn, F1 of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn and Zr, F2 of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Zr and F3 of Co, Cr, Cu, Ti, Zn, Zr the loss from the albic horizons and/or the accumulation in the argic horizons were registered.</p><p>Spatial distribution of the total concentration of ChEs increases in the A-horizon in the upper part of the catena slope position. In the A-horizons at footslope and toeslope positions, the concentration of F1 Ni, Cu, Sr and Zr, F2 Ni, Cu and Zn increases, and the concentration F2 of Co, Cr, Pb, Ti and Zn, F2 of Cr, Ti and Co, F3 of Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, Zr decreases.</p><p>Ratios calculated on the basis of the total and mobile element content were applied to evaluate biogenic migration of ChEs with different biophilicity in the "plant-soil" system. According to soil-to-plant transfer ratios, Mn, Zn and Cd are actively involved in biological accumulation. Participation in biological accumulation of Mn and Zn was noted in many works (Avessalomova, 2007; Isachenkova, Tarzayeva, 2006, Kadata-Pendias, Szteke, 2015)</p><p>Mn and Zn have important physiological significance in plants; they actively migrate in plant tissues. Cd is not a necessary ChEs for plants but is easily absorbed by the root system and leaves (Kabata-Pendias, 2011). Cationic elements (Cd and Zn) have high mobility in the soils (Jen-How Huang, 2011). Our results indicate that in the reference forest communities, tree species play the major role in the uptake and turnover of biophilic microelements (Mn, Zn, Co) while sphagnum moss and grassy covers mostly absorb the elements with low biophilicity (Fe, Ti, Cr, Zr, Pb). Metabolic pathways carry out the absorption of Fe and Cr (Kabata-Pendias, 2011).</p>

scholarly journals Mass Spectrometry Imaging Disclosed Spatial Distribution of Defense-Related Metabolites in Triticum spp.

Metabolites ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Laura Righetti ◽  
Sven Gottwald ◽  
Sara Tortorella ◽  
Bernhard Spengler ◽  
Dhaka Ram Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Triticum Spp ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amides ◽  
Thermo Fisher Scientific ◽  
Q Exactive ◽  
Specific Tissue

Fusarium Head Blight is the most common fungal disease that strongly affects Triticum spp., reducing crop yield and leading to the accumulation of toxic metabolites. Several studies have investigated the plant metabolic response to counteract mycotoxins accumulation. However, information on the precise location where the defense mechanism is taking place is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the specific tissue distribution of defense metabolites in two Triticum species and use this information to postulate on the metabolites’ functional role, unlocking the “location-to-function” paradigm. To address this challenge, transversal cross-sections were obtained from the middle of the grains. They were analyzed using an atmospheric-pressure (AP) SMALDI MSI source (AP-SMALDI5 AF, TransMIT GmbH, Giessen, Germany) coupled to a Q Exactive HF (Thermo Fisher Scientific GmbH, Bremen, Germany) orbital trapping mass spectrometer. Our result revealed the capability of (AP)-SMALDI MSI instrumentation to finely investigate the spatial distribution of wheat defense metabolites, such as hydroxycinnamic acid amides, oxylipins, linoleic and α-linoleic acids, galactolipids, and glycerolipids.

THE RATIO OF THE CAPTURE CROSS-SECTIONS OF LITHIUM AND BORON FOR THERMAL NEUTRONS

1947 ◽  
Vol 25a (2) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Fenning ◽  
H. Seligman ◽  
G. A. R. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Boron Trifluoride ◽  
Finite Size ◽  
Thermal Neutrons ◽  
Capture Cross ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Capture Cross Sections

A small boron trifluoride chamber is used to obtain the spatial distribution and density integrals of thermal neutrons produced by a source in aqueous solutions of compounds of lithium and boron. The effects of the finite size of the boron chamber are minimized by adjusting the concentrations of the solutions so that the mean life of thermal neutrons is the same in both. The scattering mean free paths are also almost identical. The final result is[Formula: see text]Taking σB = 705 × 10−24 cm.2 per atom, σLi = (66.8 ± 1.0) × 10−24 cm.2 per atom.

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