scholarly journals INTRINSIC OR EXTRINSIC DISCIPLINE: CASE STUDY OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masood Ahmad, Toheed Qamar, Nusrat Nawaz Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
North Central ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
Inferential Statistic ◽  
10Th Grade ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference

Discipline is a major component in school for the promotion of quality education and responsible citizen for society. The major purpose of the study was to explored intrinsic or extrinsic discipline in schools at secondary level; to compare the results by locality, gender and grade wise. The province of Punjab was divided into three (north, central, southern) zones. Sample was selected from 2304 schools by equal ratio from each zone. Self-constructed instrument on five point likert scale having 50 items was used to collect data from schools. Instrument sent to eight research experts for validation, then the instrument considered final for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistic used for data analysis. The study concluded that discipline practiced at public secondary schools was intrinsic in nature and the condition of discipline in schools was satisfactory. Significant difference observed in boys and girls students’ opinions; female schools were more disciplined as compared to male. The results reveal significant difference in rural and urban students’ opinions; rural schools were more disciplined as compared to urban. There was also significant difference in the opinions of 9th and 10th grade respondents, 10th grade was more disciplined as compared to 9th grade

scholarly journals The Practice of School-Based Management in Ondo State Public Secondary Schools: Implication of School Location

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Olaseni Vivian Morenike
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
School Location ◽  
School Based ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
School Based Management

The practice of School-Based Management (SBM) has been widely liked to variety of wide positives in schools and increasingly acceptable in major developed and developing nations, however, the disposition and acceptance of the SMB policy remained unclear in Ondo State, Nigeria. In Nigeria, there is paucity of literature addressing the role of school location in the practice of SBM policy. This study, therefore examined the practicality of SBM in public secondary schools in Ondo State and the implication of school location. Descriptive survey design was adopted by the study. Key players from sixty (60) public secondary schools in Ondo State participated in the current study using purposive sampling techniques. In determine the efficiencies and effectiveness of School-Based Management Committees, participant were opened to Effective School-Based Management Index (E-SBM-INDEX). The instrument reported a strong overall Cronbach alpha of 0.97, while the subscales factors entails, power decentralization (α =.92); facilities obligation (α =.73); monitoring and evaluation (α =.65); recruitment and retrenchment (α =.85); and financial obligation (α =.71). Information on socio-demographic factors and geographical location of schools were also obtained from the participants. Descriptive analysis and T-Test of independent sample were used to analyze data and accepted at P < 0.05. Respondents’ mean age was 49.5±11.5 years. It was revealed that 35% of the public schools engaged practice effective SBM in Ondo State, while 65% of public schools engaged were practicing ineffective SBM. Furthermore, It was revealed that there was significant difference in the practice of SBM in rural and urban public secondary schools in Ondo State (T (58) = 26.60; P < 0.01), such that, public secondary schools located in the rural area ( = 75.20, SD = 1.80) practice effective SBM’s policy than counterparts located in the urban area ( = 34.97, SD = 02.67). Majorly the practice of SBM in public secondary school remained ineffective in Ondo State. The practice of SBM in rural and urban public secondary schools in Ondo State is significantly different. Public secondary schools located in the rural area of Ondo State practice effectively SBM’s policy than public secondary schools located in the urban area of Ondo State. It is recommended that the government should be pro-active in creating an enabling environment in terms of policy upon which SBM can be practice effectively and efficiently.

scholarly journals Comparison Of The Frequency And Effectiveness Of Positive And Negative Reinforcement Practices In Schools

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hukam Dad ◽  
Riasat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Zaigham Qadeer Janjua ◽  
Saqib Shahzad ◽  
Muhammad Saeed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
New Era ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Reward And Punishment

The major purpose of the study was to compare the frequency and effectiveness of positive and negative reinforcement practices deployed by teachers in boys’ and girls’ secondary schools in urban and rural areas. It was hypothesized that there would be no difference in use of reward and punishment by teachers in secondary schools in urban and rural areas with respect to their frequency and effectiveness. The results of this study brought out a clear picture of the reward and punishment practices being followed in schools, which may serve as a useful tool for improving these practices that influence development of students’ desired behaviour. The population of the study comprised of the teachers serving in government secondary schools of Punjab. A sample of 1,000 teachers (200 from district Rawalpindi, 150 from district Attock, 200 from district Lahore, 150 from district Gujranwala, 150 from district Multan, and 150 from district Khanewal) was randomly selected in such a way that the proportion of rural and urban boys’ and girls’ secondary school teachers was evenly balanced. In order to collect data from sample teachers, a comprehensive questionnaire was developed and personally administered. The data obtained was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using appropriate descriptive and inferential tests of significance, such as one-way chi-square and two-way chi-square. The level of significance was 0.05. On the basis of results and discussion, it was concluded that the teachers of urban schools had better knowledge of using reward and punishment with respect to their frequency and effectiveness as well. There should be a countrywide program to train teachers according to the demands of the new era.

scholarly journals Inclusive Education Opportunities in Punjab Pakistan: A Locale Based Comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jahanzaib ◽  
Ghulam Fatima ◽  
Dur-e- Nayab
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Language Disability ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

Purpose: The constitution of Pakistan firmly stated that no discrimination of opportunities will be tolerated among the citizens of Pakistan on behalf of color, creed, language, disability etc. But unfortunately, the dream of equality could not become reality. Inclusive education has been taking significant importance for the education of persons with disabilities (PWD’s) for a few decades. But, without equal opportunities, the seed of inclusion can never be fertiled. This study is an effort to depict the difference of existing inclusive education opportunities between rural and urban secondary schools of Punjab Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach: Survey method was used to collect data from 196 male and female teachers serving in rural and urban secondary schools of conveniently selected five districts viz Okara, Lahore, Pakpattan, Sahiwal, and, kasur with a self-reporting questionnaire named Research Questionnaire on the Condition of Available Inclusive Education Opportunities in Secondary Schools of Punjab. For cross-validation, an interview schedule was made to take data from 17 students with disabilities. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Findings: The study found that there was no significant difference of inclusive education opportunities in rural and urban secondary schools of Punjab. Implications/Originality/Value: However special students denied various opportunities claimed by the inclusive education teachers.

scholarly journals Leadership Behaviour Of The Heads Of Higher Secondary Schools In Kerala

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Fr. Thomas PJ ◽  
G. Visvanathan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Leadership Behaviour ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Effective Administration ◽  
School Heads

Leadership is the ability to inspire confidence and support individuals who need to achieve administrative goals. Leading is the major role of the Head of an institution. Leadership is expected to deal with change, inspiration, motivation, and influence. Task and relational behaviours of the Heads of higher secondary schools should equally be embedded for effective administration. Therefore an attempt has been made to ascertain the leadership behaviour of the Heads of higher secondary schools in Kerala. The investigators used simple random sampling technique for selecting the sample of 1500 higher secondary school teachers to study the leadership behaviour of the Heads. The main objective of the study is to find out whether there is any significant difference in respect of leadership behaviour of Heads of higher secondary schools with respect to gender, locality and type of management. This study revealed that there is significant difference between male and female Heads of higher secondary schools with respect to their leadership behaviour and no significant difference is found between rural and urban Heads, government and private higher secondary school Heads with respect to the leadership behaviour. It is found that male heads of higher secondary schools have higher leadership behaviour. Therefore female heads of higher secondary schools should be suitably trained for effective leadership behaviour

scholarly journals Availability and Utilization of Equipment/Materials in Senior Secondary Schools Biology Practical Activities in Ekiti State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Joseph Fatoba ◽  
ABIDAKUN Ojo Titus
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Biology Teachers ◽  
Senior Secondary School ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Senior Secondary

This study assessed availability and utilization of biology equipment/materials in Ekiti State Senior Secondary School Biology lessons. The study specifically examined the extent to which school location affects the availability and utilization of Biology laboratory materials for practical activities.The study adopted the descriptive research design of the survey type. The population of the study comprised of 19,603 Senior Secondary School II (S.S.S2) students and 378 Biology teachers in all 189 Public Secondary Schools in Ekiti State. The sample for this study were 490 respondents, comprising 450 Students and 40 teachers randomly selected from 18 secondary schools using multi-stage sampling technique. Three set of instruments tagged ‘Biology Teacher Activities Questionnaire (BTAQ)’, ‘Biology Student Activities Questionnaire (BSAQ)’ and ‘Biology Equipment/Materials Checklist (BEC)’ were used for the study. The three instruments BTAQ, BSAQ and BEC were validated by experts. Also the reliability of the three instruments BTAQ, BSAQ and BEC yielded reliability coefficients of 0.87, 0.79 and 0.68 respectively. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics of frequency counts, percentages and means were used to answer research questions while the inferential statistics involving t-test statistics was used to test the hypothesis, the hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance.The findings of the study showed that facilities for Biology practical activities were available in schools moderately. It was also found that the utilization of available facilities for Biology practical activities in schools was moderate. It was found that there was no significant difference between availability and utilization of materials for practical activities in rural and urban schools. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that government in collaboration with Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) should ensure that resources are provided in the laboratory for effective teaching- learning process. Also, periodic seminars and workshops should be organized for Biology teachers in order to enhance their effective utilization of facilities for Biology practical.

scholarly journals Study Attitude And Academic Achievement At Secondary Level In Pakistan

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarwar ◽  
Muhamamd Bashir ◽  
Muhammad Alam
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
High Achievers ◽  
School Students ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference

The author compared study attitudes of low and high achievers by using a self-developed study attitude scale (SAS) consisting of 36 items. Academic performance was measured through marks obtained by the students in the 9th grade examination conducted by the external body.  The analysis revealed that the study attitude of secondary school students was related with their academic achievement.  A t-test for independent samples showed that there was a significant difference between the study attitude of male, female, rural and urban students.

Enhancing Biology Students' Academic Achievement and Attitude Through Self-Regulated Learning Strategy in Senior Secondary Schools in Delta Central Senatorial District

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Oyovwi Edarho Oghenevwede
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Biology Teachers ◽  
Biology Students ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Regulated Learning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Senior Secondary

Abstract This study focused on enhancing biology students' achievement and attitude through Self-Regulated Learning Strategy in secondary schools in Delta Central Senatorial District. The study adopted the quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test control group design. Four research questions and four research hypotheses were formulated and raised to guide the study. The population of the study was all the biology students in senior secondary school II (SS II) in all the government-owned public secondary schools in Delta Central Senatorial District with an estimation of six thousand, four hundred and twenty-one students (6,421). A sample of two hundred and forty-five (245) senior secondary schools II students randomly selected from four (4) public mixed secondary schools was used for the study. The Simple Random Sampling Technique was adopted to draw the sample. The instruments used for data collection were the Biology Achievement Test (BAT) and Biology Attitude Questionnaire (BAQ). BAT and BAQ were validated by I Measurement and Evaluation and Biology teachers that have taught biology for more than ten (10) years. The reliability of BAT and BAQ were established using Kuder-Richardson formula 21 and Cronbach Alpha which yielded a coefficient of internal consistencies of 0.75 for BAT and 0.80 for BAQ respectively. Data were collected by administering the biology achievement test (BAT) and biology attitude questionnaire (BAQ) as pre-test and post-test. The data obtained were analysed using mean, standard deviation Analysis of Variation (ANOVA) and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The result shows that self-regulated regulated learning strategy significantly enhanced students' achievement in biology compared to the lecture method; there was no significant difference between the mean achievement score of male and female students taught biology using self-regulated learning strategy; there was a significant difference between the mean attitude score of students taught using self-regulated learning strategy compared with those taught with lecture method in favour of students taught using the self-regulated learning strategy and there was no significant difference between the mean attitude score of male and female students taught biology using self-regulated learning strategy. Based on the findings it was concluded that self-regulated learning strategy significantly enhances students' achievements and attitudes in biology. It was therefore recommended that biology teachers should adopt the strategy in teaching biology at the secondary school level and that biology teachers should be trained on how to use the skills of self-regulated learning strategy effectively.

Importance of Video Aids’ Usage in Teaching and Learning Process of English Language Classes

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriselda Vrapi ◽  
Xhevdet Zekaj
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Communicative Skills ◽  
English Curriculum ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
8Th Grade

This study aims to explore the use of video in English language teaching (ELT) elementary school (grades 8 to 9)... In addition, the thesis aims to find out how videos in English lessons helped to achieve the goals of English curriculum. The main hypothesis was that teaching with video would develop pupils’ communicative skills and, therefore, was appropriate for the communicative approach to ELT. The study addressed five research questions regarding the use of videos in English lessons in the case study school: why the teachers used videos in ELT, what kinds of videos were used in English lessons, how and how often videos were used, what was taught and learned through the use of videos and, finally, what the teachers’ and pupils’ attitudes to lessons with videos were. The research was performed as a case study at an Elbasan elementary school. The data for the research was obtained through the use of mixed methods: qualitative, in the form of interviews with four English teachers and observations of three of the interviewed teachers’ lessons with videos, and quantitative, in the form of a pupil questionnaire answered by 105 pupils from two 8th grade and two 9th grade classes.

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