scholarly journals CONCEPT OF DOWRY IN HINDU MARRIAGE SYSTEM: A STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Sobia Kausar
Keyword(s):  
System A ◽  

To demand Stridhana, formerly a woman's property, is now a boy's right. Her father freely gave it to her. It is part of a prenuptial agreement between two families, and even after the wedding, there is an expectation of more. Insufficient dowry has sparked protests due to the brutality of the dowry process and the deaths of females. Women's stridhan was a fundamental right. While the aristocracy had a lot of money, the impoverished women had to labour as maids or in handicrafts, agriculture and basket-making to support their families. The Manusmriti, a granth created by many between 200 BC and AD 200 and committed to writing in the twelfth century AD, had a significant impact on the position of Hindu women. According to the author, 'Brahma divided his body into two pieces, one for man and one for woman.' In other words, she was born equal. Where women are revered, there are gods, and where they are degraded, there is no hope. Manu, like the Jatakas, sees women as tempting, who blame males, and who should be avoided in isolation, much like in the Jatakas. No one expects males to gaze at women when they decorate themselves, dress, or rest. The daughters kid was not allowed to participate in rituals including mantras from infancy through puberty. Here, there is no mention of the guru's ashram's Brahmacharya time or the upnayana being done on girls.

Author(s):  
R. C. Moretz ◽  
G. G. Hausner ◽  
D. F. Parsons

Electron microscopy and diffraction of biological materials in the hydrated state requires the construction of a chamber in which the water vapor pressure can be maintained at saturation for a given specimen temperature, while minimally affecting the normal vacuum of the remainder of the microscope column. Initial studies with chambers closed by thin membrane windows showed that at the film thicknesses required for electron diffraction at 100 KV the window failure rate was too high to give a reliable system. A single stage, differentially pumped specimen hydration chamber was constructed, consisting of two apertures (70-100μ), which eliminated the necessity of thin membrane windows. This system was used to obtain electron diffraction and electron microscopy of water droplets and thin water films. However, a period of dehydration occurred during initial pumping of the microscope column. Although rehydration occurred within five minutes, biological materials were irreversibly damaged. Another limitation of this system was that the specimen grid was clamped between the apertures, thus limiting the yield of view to the aperture opening.


Author(s):  
V. Castano ◽  
W. Krakow

In non-UHV microscope environments atomic surface structure has been observed for flat-on for various orientations of Au thin films and edge-on for columns of atoms in small particles. The problem of oxidation of surfaces has only recently been reported from the point of view of high resolution microscopy revealing surface reconstructions for the Ag2O system. A natural extension of these initial oxidation studies is to explore other materials areas which are technologically more significant such as that of Cu2O, which will now be described.


Author(s):  
Yimei Zhu ◽  
Masaki Suenaga ◽  
R. L. Sabatini ◽  
Youwen Xu

The (110) twin structure of YBa2Cu3O7 superconductor oxide, which is formed to reduce the strain energy of the tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transformation by alternating the a-b crystallographic axis across the boundary, was extensively investigated. Up to now the structure of the twin boundary still remained unclear. In order to gain insight into the nature of the twin boundary in Y-Ba-Cu-O system, a study using electron diffraction techniques including optical and computed diffractograms, as well as high resolution structure imaging techniques with corresponding computer simulation and processing was initiated.Bulk samples of Y-Ba-Cu-O oxide were prepared as described elsewhere. TEM specimens were produced by crushing bulk samples into a fine powder, dispersing the powder in acetone, and suspending the fine particles on a holey carbon grid. The electron microscopy during this study was performed on both a JEOL 2000EX and 2000FX electron microscopes operated at 200 kV.


1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance P. DesRoches

A statistical review provides analysis of four years of speech therapy services of a suburban school system which can be used for comparison with other school system programs. Included are data on the percentages of the school population enrolled in therapy, the categories of disabilities and the number of children in each category, the sex and grade-level distribution of those in therapy, and shifts in case-load selection. Factors affecting changes in case-load profiles are identified and discussed.


2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 323-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Dall'era ◽  
Sweaty Koul ◽  
Jesse Mills ◽  
Jeremy Myers ◽  
Randall B. Meacham ◽  
...  

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