scholarly journals Measuring Cognitive Engagement: An Overview of Measurement Instruments and Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Shan Lİ
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Cognitive Engagement ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Analytical Perspective ◽  
Instruments And Techniques ◽  
Physiological Sensors

This paper adopted an analytical perspective to review cognitive engagement measures. This paper provided a comprehensive understanding of the instruments/techniques used to measure cognitive engagement, which could assist researchers or practitioners in improving their measurement methodologies. In particular, we conducted a systematic literature search, based on which the current practice in measuring cognitive engagement was synthesized. We organized and aggregated the information of cognitive engagement measures by their types, including self-report scales, observations, interviews, teacher ratings, experience sampling, eye-tracking, physiological sensors, trace analysis, and content analysis. We provided a critical analysis of the strength and weaknesses of each measurement method. Recommendations for measuring cognitive engagement were also provided to guide future empirical work in a meaningful direction.

Improved Autoadhesion Measurement Method for Micromachined Polysilicon Beams

1996 ◽  
Vol 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten P. de Boer ◽  
Terry A. Michalske
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Cantilever Beams ◽  
Beam Length ◽  
Substrate Adhesion

AbstractWe have measured autoadhesion (e.g. stiction) of individual polysilicon beams by interferometric optical microscopy. Untreated cantilever beams were dried from water in air, while treated beams were coated with a hydrophobic molecular coating of octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS). Adhesion values obtained for beams adhered to the substrate over a long length (large d) are independent of beam length with values of 16.7 and 4.4 mJ/m2 for untreated and treated samples respectively. These values can be understood in terms of differences in surface chemistry and polysilicon roughness. Using the shortest length beam which remains attached to the substrate, adhesion values were 280 and 16 mJ/m2 respectively. These higher values may be a result of capillarity effects. We recommend that measurements be made on beams in which d is large, in contrast to the current practice of noting the shortest beam adhered.

Positive risk-taking: Mixed-methods validation of a self-report scale and evidence for genetic links to personality and negative risk-taking

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Wales Patterson ◽  
Lilla Pivnick ◽  
Frank D Mann ◽  
Andrew D Grotzinger ◽  
Kathryn C Monahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Adolescent Risk

Adolescents are more likely to take risks. Typically, research on adolescent risk-taking has focused on its negative health and societal consequences. However, some risk-taking behaviors might be positive, defined here as behavior that does not violate the rights of others and that might advance socially-valuable goals. Empirical work on positive risk-taking has been limited by measurement challenges. In this study, we elicited adolescents’ free responses (n = 75) about a time they took a risk. Based on thematic coding, we identified positive behaviors described as risks and selected items to form a self-report scale. The resulting positive risk-taking scale was quantitatively validated in a population-based sample of adolescent twins (n = 1249). Second, we evaluated associations between positive risk-taking, negative risk-taking, and potential personality and peer correlates using a genetically informed design. Sensation seeking predicted negative and positive risk-taking equally strongly, whereas extraversion differentiated forms of risk-taking. Additive genetic influences on personality accounted for the total heritability in positive risk-taking. Indirect pathways from personality through positive and negative peer environments were identified. These results provide promising evidence that personality factors of sensation seeking and extraversion can manifest as engagement in positive risks. Increased understanding of positive manifestations of adolescent risk-taking may yield targets for positive youth development strategies to bolster youth well-being.

scholarly journals Developing fit-for-purpose self-report instruments for assessing consumer responses to tobacco and nicotine products: the ABOUT™ Toolbox initiative

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Chrea ◽  
Catherine Acquadro ◽  
Esther F. Afolalu ◽  
Erica Spies ◽  
Thomas Salzberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Medical Product ◽  
Consumer Perception ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Background. Determining the public health impact of tobacco harm reduction strategies requires the assessment of consumer perception and behavior associated with tobacco and nicotine products (TNPs) with different exposure and risk profiles. In this context, rigorous methods to develop and validate psychometrically sound self-report instruments to measure consumers’ responses to TNPs are needed. Methods. Consistent with best practice guidelines, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s “Guidance for Industry Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Use in Medical Product Development to Support Labeling Claims,” scientifically designed, fit-for-purpose, reliable, and valid instruments are now being applied to tobacco regulatory research. Results. This brief report presents the ABOUT™ Toolbox (Assessment of Behavioral OUtcomes related to Tobacco and nicotine products) initiative. This communication: (1) describes the methodological steps followed for the development and validation of the measurement instruments included in the ABOUT™ Toolbox, (2) presents a summary of the high-priority tobacco-related domains that are currently covered in the ABOUT™ Toolbox (i.e., risk perception, dependence, product experience, health and functioning, and use history), and (3) details how the measurement instruments are made accessible to the scientific community. Conclusions. By making the ABOUT™ Toolbox available to the tobacco research and public health community, we envision a rapidly expanding knowledge base, with the goals of (1) supporting consumer perception and behavior research to allow comparisons across a wide spectrum of TNPs, (2) enabling public health and regulatory communities to make better-informed decisions for future regulation of TNPs, and (3) enhancing surveillance activities associated with the impact of TNPs on population health.

scholarly journals Bullying and Cyberbullying in Adolescents from Disadvantaged Areas: Validation of Questionnaires; Prevalence Rates; and Relationship to Self-Esteem, Empathy and Social Skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinto Martínez ◽  
Antonio J. Rodríguez-Hidalgo ◽  
Izabela Zych
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Peruvian Amazonia

Although bullying and cyberbullying have been widely studied in diverse geographical areas, the number of studies in isolated regions, located in rainforests such as the Peruvian Amazonia, is low. Most research has been conducted in wealthy, Western countries, although disadvantaged areas are usually the most affected by various problems. Thus, the aims of this study were to validate bullying and cyberbullying measurement instruments among adolescents in the Peruvian Amazonia, to determine the prevalence rates of bullying and cyberbullying among this population, and to examine how bullying and cyberbullying relate to self-esteem, empathy, and social skills. The sample included 607 students from the region of Loreto (Peruvian Amazonia) who completed self-report questionnaires. Both questionnaires used in the sample were found to have good psychometric properties. Results showed that bullying and cyberbullying are prevalent among teenagers in the Amazonia. Low self-esteem and high affective empathy predicted bullying victimization. Being a bully was related to high assertiveness. Being a bully-victim was related to low self-esteem and low assertiveness. Cybervictims showed higher cognitive empathy. Cyberbullies showed higher affective empathy in comparison to uninvolved adolescents. Having low self-esteem and higher affective empathy were related to being a cyberbully/victim. This study provides a validated questionnaire that can be used for research and practice in the Amazonia. Based on the current results, tailored anti-bullying and anti-cyberbullying interventions with components focused on self-esteem, empathy, and social skills should be implemented in Peruvian secondary schools.

Call for Collaboration in WMO Project for the Assessment of the Performance of Flow Measurement Instruments and Techniques

2007 ◽  
Vol 133 (12) ◽  
pp. 1439-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. Fulford ◽  
Paul J. Pilon ◽  
Zurab Kopaliani ◽  
Patrick J. McCurry ◽  
Claudio Caponi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Instruments And Techniques

The use of neurocognitive methods in assessing health communication messages: A systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1534-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherrie-Anne Kaye ◽  
Melanie J White ◽  
Ioni Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Health Messages ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Message Effectiveness ◽  
Neurocognitive Measures ◽  
Additional Variance

We review 20 studies that examined persuasive processing and outcomes of health messages using neurocognitive measures. The results suggest that cognitive processes and neural activity in regions thought to reflect self-related processing may be more prominent in the persuasive process of self-relevant messages. Furthermore, activity in the medial prefrontal cortex, the superior temporal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus were identified as predictors of message effectiveness, with the medial prefrontal cortex accounting for additional variance in behaviour change beyond that accounted for by self-report measures. Incorporating neurocognitive measures may provide a more comprehensive understanding of the processing and outcomes of health messages.

scholarly journals Correlation of Essential Servant Leadership Behaviors, Perceived Organizational Support, and Employee Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Winston
Keyword(s):  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Perceived Organizational Support ◽  
Leadership Behaviors ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Moderate Positive Correlation

This current research follows up on Greenleaf’s oft-quoted best test of servant leadership that calls for employees to be better off financially, emotionally, physically, psychologically, etc. because of the time spent with the servant leader. While oft-quoted, little empirical work exists to see if this is true. In this study, 170 participants provided their perception of their supervisors’ level of servant leadership, their perception of the organization’s support, and their self-report of their general well-being. Gender and age bracket information described the participants, and there were no significant differences between gender or age brackets for participants’ perception of their supervisors’ servant leadership. The analysis showed that there was a moderate positive correlation between servant leadership, perceived organizational support, and general well-being. A modification of an existing general well-being instrument provided a new eight-item general well-being scale with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.956.

Universal Design for Measurement: Centering the Experiences of Individuals With Disabilities Within Health Measurement Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 016327871990053
Author(s):  
Erin Vinoski Thomas ◽  
Jan Warren-Findlow ◽  
Charlie L. Reeve ◽  
Jennifer B. Webb ◽  
Sarah B. Laditka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Universal Design ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Delphi Panel ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Health Measurement

People with disabilities comprise roughly 25% of the U.S. adult population yet remain underrepresented in mainstream public health and evaluation research. The lack of measures of common constructs that are validated in but not specific to this population may impede their inclusion. This article describes the use of Universal Design for Measurement (UDM), a novel method for developing self-report measurement instruments validated among broad populations to minimize the need for scale adaptation. We applied UDM to the development and content validation of a new body image scale. We assessed content validity by surveying subject matter experts (SMEs) and conducted a Delphi panel study to assess consensus about scale items among community women with ( n = 18) and without ( n = 15) disabilities. Most scale items were found acceptable by SMEs and community women. The Delphi panel study was useful toward evaluating consensus about scale items among women with and without disabilities. Findings support the use of UDM in developing inclusive and psychometrically sound measurement scales to ultimately facilitate the full inclusion of people with disabilities within health research.

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