Stroke in the Brain Scanner at Kinshasa University Clinics and Marie Biamba Mutombo Hospital: A Case Series Study

Background and objective: Strokes represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. But data relating to this in sub-Saharan Africa is scarce. The objective of this study is to identify traumatic pathologies with CT scan in patients followed in hospitals in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study of data from the medical records of patients having performed a cerebral CT scan covering a period of 24 months at the University Clinics of Kinshasa and at the Biamba Marie Mutombo Hospital. The study parameters are of three kinds, those relating to socio-demographic data (age, sex, date of the CT scan); those relating to the clinical data and the indications for the examination and the CT data. Results: Among the 717 cases of stroke diagnosed by CT scan, 529 were of the ischemic type while 188 were of the hemorrhagic type (Figure 1). The ischemic stroke / hemorrhagic stroke ratio was 3/1. The demographic transition was very characteristic for all strokes increasing with advancing age 18.4% in the age 0-19 years, 14% in the age group 20-49 years, 27.8%, and 56.6% in age ≥ 60 years. Comparisons of the proportions of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes by sex and age groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the sex of patients between the types of stroke (P> 0.05) when there was a statistically significant difference in the proportions of hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes between age groups. There was therefore an exponential type curve of the proportions of ischemic-type strokes according to age advancement: the highest frequency at age ≥ 60 years. Conclusion: strokes are frequent in Kinshasa; they are characterized by a high frequency of ischemic stroke and increase with age. Key words: Stroke, CT scan, Epidemiological transition hospitals in Kinshasa.

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Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Almajiri Children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria

UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) ◽

10.47430/ujmr.2161.013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 99-104

Author(s):

S. M. Gamde ◽

◽

P. J. Tongvwam ◽

K. Hauwa ◽

A. M. Ganau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Demographic Data ◽

Age Groups ◽

Water Contact ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽

Public And Private ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

Age Range ◽

North Western

Urinary schistosomiasis is a severe threat to global health with uncountable morbidities in Africa including Nigeria where control interventions focused on children in public and private schools neglecting Almajiri children. This undermined control interventions as those infected contaminate the environments with infective stages of the parasite. The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis amongst Almajiri children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, socio-demographic data was collected in April 2020 on 206 consented Almajiri children in Silame and their urine samples were examined using the sedimentation method. The study showed a prevalence of 35.4% among the Almajiri children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria. The highest prevalence was found among children within the age range 16-20 years (63.6%) while the lowest prevalence was among those in the age range 6-10 years (24.4%). There was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis between the age groups (χ 2 = 11.637a , df =3, p=0.002). Urinary schistosomiasis was prevalent among Almajiri children in the study area and parasite infection was associated with the participant's socio-demographic factors such as age, level of education, and water contact activities. Hence, the National Schistosomiasis Control Programs should incorporate the Almajiri children in the control interventions Keywords: Schistosoma hematobium infection; Makarantarallo;Almajiri;Silame

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Population-based survey of HIV sero-status and vertical transmission among naive pregnant women in Sokoto, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11530 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 49-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fiekumo Igbida Buseri ◽

Charity Ngozi Okonkwo

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Age Groups ◽

P Value ◽

Full Time ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Background: This study aims at investigating the seroprevalence of HIV infection among status naive pregnant women and probable vertical transmission in Sokoto, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 13,026 apparently healthy pregnant women aged between 14 and 45 years and 312 mother-baby pairs in 4 different hospital settings in Sokoto State, North West, Nigeria between March, 2011 and February, 2013. The babies were aged between 8 and 16 months. HIV screening was performed using qualitative rapid tests and ELISA and HIV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Measurement of CD4+ T-lymphocytes was carried out by the BD FACScount System. All seropositive pregnant women were immediately placed on triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) throughout the duration of the pregnancy and beyond.Results: An overall 2.4% prevalence of HIV-1 infection among the pregnant women and 20.5% incident of mother-to-child transmission were found. Of the seropositive pregnant women, 75.0% were full-time house wives, 13.8% and 11.2% were traders and civil servants respectively; of which, 70.2% were within the ages of 14 and 27 years (youthful predominance). Pearson’s χ2analysis did not show any statistically significant difference in the Mean values in the 4 health facilities (χ2 =2.084, df=3, P-value=0.555). Similarly, no significant difference in HIV seropositivity in the demographic data of the pregnant women were observed (P>0.05). Infection was recorded in all age groups but there was no statistical significance between age groups and infection (P = 0.833). Of the 64 seropositive babies, 62 (92.5%) contracted HIV from antiretroviral therapy non-adherence mothers (χ2 =271.457, df=1, P<0.01), OR=1506.6 (95%CI=285.5-7950.4). Conclusion: This study found high prevalence of vertical transmission due to ART non-adherence. Intervention initiatives should, therefore, focus seriously on ART non-adherence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11530Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 49-57

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COMPARISON OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION BETWEEN FIRST ISCHEMIC STROKE AND RECURRENT ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENTS

MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) ◽

10.21776/ub.mnj.2022.008.01.7 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 30-34

Author(s):

Fildza Intan Rizkia ◽

Chandra Calista ◽

Suryani Gunadharma ◽

Asep Nugraha Hermawan ◽

Lisda Amalia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Recurrent Stroke ◽

Demographic Data ◽

P Value ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Stroke Group

Background: Cognitive impairment is a common condition that may affect up to 50% of stroke patients. Post stroke cognitive impairment is associated with reduced quality of life, which may increase the number of dependency. Recurrent stroke may happen in approximately 25% patients and they have higher rates of cognitive impairment. Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the comparison of cognitive function between first ischemic stroke and recurrent ischemic stroke patients in Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung. Methods: This study is a retrospective, cross-sectional study using the data recruited between the year 2012 - 2016 at the Department of Neurology at the Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. The data collected in this study were demographic data, including age, level of education, and residence, and the clinical data as well. Cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The comparison between the cognitive function between both groups were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: There were 428 subjects eligible for this study, with 207 subjects categorized as first ischemic stroke group and 221 subjects categorized as recurrent ischemic stroke group. There was a statistically significant difference in MMSE scores between the first ischemic stroke patients (24.90 ± 4.64) and recurrent ischemic stroke patients (22.85 ± 4.64 ) with a p value of 0.002. Conclusion: Recurrent ischemic stroke patients had lower MMSE scores than the first ischemic stroke patients. Clinicians should be more aware in detecting early cognitive impairment in stroke patients and in preventing the incidence of recurrent stroke.

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Actions speak louder: Young female patients with acute ischemic stroke in the emergency department

Emergency Care Journal ◽

10.4081/ecj.2019.8300 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mor Saban ◽

Tal Shachar ◽

Heli Patito ◽

Lev Zaretsky

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Emergency Department ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Case Series ◽

Young Female ◽

Initial Examination ◽

Young Females ◽

Case Series Study

The aim was to explore the diagnostic cascade of young females with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the emergency department (ED) setting. A retrospective case series study was conducted between the years 2016-2018 in the ED of a tertiary hospital (N=10). We collected socio-demographic data, clinical risk factors and co-morbidities, ED characteristics and medical examination related data. Ten females presenting with AIS were identified. Results show that each case had a variety of characteristics, there are no similar medical background or clear-cut risk factors, and each case has been presented clinically different. All these factors, with the possible added effect of age and sex bias serve as possible hindrance for correct and efficient diagnosis of stroke in young females. In conclusion, clinical presentation of young female with AIS is misleading. Initial examination in the ED setting may appear to be the determining point of impact on the outcome severity in young females.

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The Severity of Malaria and Toxoplasmosis Co-Infections among Pregnant Women in Yaounde, Cameroon

Journal of Scientific Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/jsrr/2021/v27i530387 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 22-32

Author(s):

Judith Lum Ndamukong-Nyanga ◽

Kitio Falone Linda ◽

Signi Todjom Chysine Lucile ◽

Demanou Teubow Dolly-Misper

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Severe Malaria ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Public ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

Malaria and toxoplasmosis are two diseases caused by parasites of the same phylum (Apicomplexa). They have severe consequences on the health of pregnant women and their unborn babies. As such, they are of importance for the public health, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa and Cameroon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the severity of toxoplasmosis among malaria-positive pregnant women attending the Biyam-Assi District Hospital. It was a cross-sectional study that took place from May to November 2019 involving 232 pregnant women who voluntarily accepted to take part in the study. Demographic data was collected using structured questionnaires and blood was collectd by finger prick. Thick blood films were prepared for the detection of malaria and the Giemsa-stained slides were read microscopically. A drop of blood was used for the detection of toxoplasmosis using the chromatographic cassette (Rapid Diagnostic Test) and the results were read after 15 minutes. The data obtained was analysed using SPSS version 24. The results showed that the prevalence of toxoplasmosis was 22.84 %. This prevalence didn’t depend on the trimester of pregnancy (P = 0. 08). The prevalence of malaria was 38.9%. No significant difference was observed for either the prevalence or severity of malaria over the three trimesters of pregnancy (p = 0.60 and p = 0.9 respectively). The prevalence of co-infection with malaria and toxoplasmosis was 9.05%. Women without toxoplasmosis were more prone to severe malaria (20.29 %) than their counterparts who had toxoplasmosis (4.78 %) and the difference between these two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.02). The severity of toxoplasmosis was not influenced by the presence of Plasmodium (p = 0. 20). It was concluded that the occurrence and severity of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women does not depend on their malaria serological status. However, the presence of severe malaria in pregnant women depends on their toxoplasmosis status. Indeed, women already infected with T. gondii are less susceptible to malaria than their counterparts who are negative for toxoplasmosis. These findings suggest that T. gondii in a person confers some form of reistance to infections with Plasmodium. It was recommended that the Public Health Ministry in Cameroon could include screening for toxoplasmosis among the routine test for pregnant women in order to improve on the health of mother and baby.

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Screening for gestational diabetes in low-risk women: effect of maternal age

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1515/hmbci-2017-0071 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Aida Kalok ◽

Pravin Peraba ◽

Shamsul Azhar Shah ◽

Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy ◽

Mohamad Abdul Jamil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Age Groups ◽

Subsequent Pregnancy ◽

Low Risk ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Screening Guidelines ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Low Risk Women

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is on the rise globally and there are various screening guidelines with regard to patients’ criteria. Materials and methods We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of GDM amongst low-risk pregnant women above the age of 25 years. A modified glucose tolerance test (MGTT) was performed between 24 and 36 weeks of gestation. Women with GDM were divided into two groups for analysis: age between 25 and 34 years (group A) and above 35 years (group B). They were managed as per hospital protocol and followed-up until delivery. The women’s demographic data, treatment and subsequent pregnancy outcomes were analysed. Results The overall prevalence of GDM in our low-risk women was 14%. GDM was less common in the younger age group (25–34 years) in comparison to those aged above 35 years (9.7% vs. 26.3%, p = 0.001). There was a non-significant increase in the induction of labour (IOL) rate amongst those aged below 35 years compared to the older group (46.7 % vs. 38.5%). The insulin requirement in the age group 25–34 years and above 35 years, were 6.7% and 23.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference between both age groups with regard to caesarean delivery, birth weight above the 95th centile and neonatal hypoglycaemia. Conclusion In low-risk women, the prevalence of GDM is significantly lower in those aged less than 35 years. Diagnosing GDM had resulted in the increment of IOL in this group, although with no significant increase in maternal and neonatal morbidity.

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Parent’s Experiences from the Treatment of their Children at the Physic Children’s Surgery Clinic in Skopje.

Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery ◽

10.32391/ajtes.v4i1.88 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. Trajchevska ◽

A. Lleshi ◽

S. Gjoshev ◽

A. Trajchevski

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Status ◽

Independent Predictor ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Parental Satisfaction ◽

Pediatric Care ◽

Simple Random Sample ◽

Significant Independent Predictor ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Background: The respect of the needs and wishes of the patients is in the focus of the human health system. The experience of the parents in terms of child’s health care may be used as an indicator of quality of the health care. Material and methods: The research is a quantitative analytical cross-sectional study. In accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, simple random sample of 207 parents / guardians is covered, whose children in the period of three months, had been hospitalized in the hospital department JZUU Pediatric Surgery Clinic in Skopje.It was used a two parted questionnaire. The first part is a standardized questionnaire (Parent Experience of Pediatric Care - PECP), and the second part concerns the general socio-demographic data of the parent/guardian. Statistical evaluation was performed using appropriate statistical programs (Statistics for Windows 7,0 and SPSS 17.0). Results: In accordance with the age of the parents, the survey respondents were divided into two groups: a) age ≤ 33 years - 107 (51.69%) and b) age> 33 years - 100 (48.31%).Significant independent predictor of parental satisfaction from the receipt of their child to the clinic research confirms the age of the parent under / over 33 years due to 4.1% of the change in satisfaction (R2 = 0,041). Parents generally believe that their children's room of the clinic is "good", without significant difference between parental satisfaction from both age groups (Mann-Whitney U Test Z = -0,9613 p = 0,3364). Significant independent predictor of parental satisfaction from the room of their child improves the health status after treatment due to 6% of the change in satisfaction (R2 = 0,060). Parents generally believe that testing and treatment of their children in the clinic was "very good" and an independent significant predictor is to improve the health status after the treatment - 7,8% (R2 = 0,078). Conclusions: Regardless of the generally good parental satisfaction about health care for their children, it is necessary to continuously monitor the status of the clinic in order to consider the possible deficiencies and needs of intervention.

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Symptoms of acute transfusion reactions at a general referral hospital in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e045081

Author(s):

Patou Masika Musumari ◽

Samclide Mutindu Mbikayi ◽

Kriengkrai Srithanaviboonchai ◽

Teeranee Techasrivichien ◽

Arunrat Tangmunkongvorakul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Transfusion ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Data Set ◽

Republic Of Congo ◽

Transfusion Reactions

ObjectivesBlood transfusion is a life-saving procedure and is also associated with a range of risks including the occurrence of symptoms of acute transfusion reactions (ATRs). Very few studies in sub-Saharan Africa have reported on ATRs. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by documenting the prevalence of and factors associated with ATRs in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).DesignThis is a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study using blood bank data from a general referral hospital.SettingCentre Hospitalier Mère-Enfant (CHME) Monkole, a general referral hospital in Kinshasa, DRC.ParticipantsGeneral population who have received blood transfusion in CHME Monkole between 2014 and 2019.ResultsThe data set included a total of 7166 patients; 3153 (44%) men and 4013 (56%) women. The overall prevalence of symptoms of ATRs was 2.6%; the lowest prevalence was in 2017 (2.34%) and highest in 2018 (2.95%) and 2019 (2.94%). The documented symptoms included 74 (39.6%) cases of dyspnoea/respiratory distress, 60 (32.1%) cases of fever, 36 (19.2%) cases of pruritus/urticaria and 17 (9.1%) cases of vomiting. None of the studied factors was associated with symptoms of ATRs.ConclusionSymptoms of ATRs were not uncommon in the studied population. Dyspnoea and respiratory distress, fever and pruritus/urticaria were the most common symptoms of ATRs. This study highlights the need for a clinical and biological surveillance to detect, prevent and manage ATRs in the context of the DRC.

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Unravelling the Perspectives of Day and Night Traders in Selected Markets within a Sub-Saharan African City with a Malaria Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Survey

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073468 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3468

Author(s):

Patience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo ◽

Nicholas T. K. D. Dayie ◽

Kevin Kofi Adutwum-Ofosu ◽

John Ahenkorah ◽

Emmanuel Afutu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Malaria Treatment ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

African City ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Treatment Type ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Knowledge ◽

Sub Saharan

Background: Malaria is still endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, with a high disease burden. Misconceptions about malaria contribute to poor attitudes and practices, further increasing the burden in endemic countries. Studies have examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of malaria among different populations. However, there seems to be no available literature reporting on the perspectives of day and night market traders. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on malaria KAP with a focus on day and night market traders. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving day and night market traders in 10 selected markets within the Greater Accra Region of Ghana was carried out. Data were collected from consenting respondents using a structured questionnaire. Results: Of the 760 respondents (33.3% (n = 253) night and 66.7% (n = 507) day traders) interviewed, there was no significant difference between the day and night market traders in terms of malaria KAP. Although the market traders had an overall moderate knowledge (54.0% of the day traders and 56.5% of the night traders), misconceptions about malaria (especially that it could be caused by exposure to the sun) still existed among the traders. Moreover, the majority of the traders who demonstrated high knowledge (43.98%, n = 250) did not always take laboratory tests to confirm their suspicion, indicating poor attitude. Furthermore, the market traders’ choice of drug for malaria treatment (p = 0.001) and preferred malaria treatment type (orthodox or herbal) (p = 0.005) were significantly associated with their knowledge level. Conclusions: Despite the observation that no significant difference in KAP exists between day and night market traders, appropriate health education programs and interventions still need to be directed at misconceptions, poor attitudes, and poor practices revealed by this study. This will ultimately help in the prevention and control of malaria in Ghana, and globally.

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Prediction accuracy of standard and total keratometry by swept-source optical biometer for multifocal intraocular lens power calculation

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84238-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hun Lee ◽

Jae Lim Chung ◽

Young Jun Kim ◽

Jae Yong Kim ◽

Hungwon Tchah

Keyword(s):

Cataract Surgery ◽

Case Series ◽

Intraocular Lenses ◽

Power Calculation ◽

Neutral Position ◽

Swept Source ◽

Refractive Outcomes ◽

Case Series Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Optical Biometer

AbstractWe aimed to compare the refractive outcomes of cataract surgery with diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) using standard keratometry (K) and total keratometry (TK). In this retrospective observational case series study, a total of 302 patients who underwent cataract surgery with multifocal IOL implantation were included. Predicted refractive outcomes were calculated based on the current standard formulas and a new formula developed for TK using K and TK, which were obtained from a swept-source optical biometer. At 2-month postoperatively, median absolute prediction errors (MedAEs) and proportion of eyes within ± 0.50 diopters (D) of predicted postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) refraction were analyzed. There was no significant difference between MedAEs or proportion of eyes within ± 0.50D of predicted refraction from K and TK in each formula. In TFNT00 and 839MP IOL cases, there was no difference between MedAEs from K and TK using any formula. In 829MP IOL cases, MedAE from TK was significantly larger than that from K in Barrett Universal II/Barrett TK Universal II (P = 0.033). In 677MY IOL cases, MedAE from TK was significantly larger than that from K in Haigis (P = 0.020) and Holladay 2 (P = 0.006) formulas. In the subgroup analysis for IOL, there was no difference between the proportion of eyes within ± 0.50 D of predicted refraction from K and TK using any formula. TFNT00 and 839MP IOLs were favorable with TK, with 677MY IOL with K and 829MP IOL being in a neutral position, which necessitates the study that investigates the accuracy of the new TK technology.

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