Screening for gestational diabetes in low-risk women: effect of maternal age

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Kalok ◽  
Pravin Peraba ◽  
Shamsul Azhar Shah ◽  
Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy ◽  
Mohamad Abdul Jamil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Risk Women

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is on the rise globally and there are various screening guidelines with regard to patients’ criteria. Materials and methods We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of GDM amongst low-risk pregnant women above the age of 25 years. A modified glucose tolerance test (MGTT) was performed between 24 and 36 weeks of gestation. Women with GDM were divided into two groups for analysis: age between 25 and 34 years (group A) and above 35 years (group B). They were managed as per hospital protocol and followed-up until delivery. The women’s demographic data, treatment and subsequent pregnancy outcomes were analysed. Results The overall prevalence of GDM in our low-risk women was 14%. GDM was less common in the younger age group (25–34 years) in comparison to those aged above 35 years (9.7% vs. 26.3%, p = 0.001). There was a non-significant increase in the induction of labour (IOL) rate amongst those aged below 35 years compared to the older group (46.7 % vs. 38.5%). The insulin requirement in the age group 25–34 years and above 35 years, were 6.7% and 23.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference between both age groups with regard to caesarean delivery, birth weight above the 95th centile and neonatal hypoglycaemia. Conclusion In low-risk women, the prevalence of GDM is significantly lower in those aged less than 35 years. Diagnosing GDM had resulted in the increment of IOL in this group, although with no significant increase in maternal and neonatal morbidity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Almajiri Children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
S. M. Gamde ◽  
◽  
P. J. Tongvwam ◽  
K. Hauwa ◽  
A. M. Ganau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Age Range ◽  
North Western

Urinary schistosomiasis is a severe threat to global health with uncountable morbidities in Africa including Nigeria where control interventions focused on children in public and private schools neglecting Almajiri children. This undermined control interventions as those infected contaminate the environments with infective stages of the parasite. The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis amongst Almajiri children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, socio-demographic data was collected in April 2020 on 206 consented Almajiri children in Silame and their urine samples were examined using the sedimentation method. The study showed a prevalence of 35.4% among the Almajiri children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria. The highest prevalence was found among children within the age range 16-20 years (63.6%) while the lowest prevalence was among those in the age range 6-10 years (24.4%). There was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis between the age groups (χ 2 = 11.637a , df =3, p=0.002). Urinary schistosomiasis was prevalent among Almajiri children in the study area and parasite infection was associated with the participant's socio-demographic factors such as age, level of education, and water contact activities. Hence, the National Schistosomiasis Control Programs should incorporate the Almajiri children in the control interventions Keywords: Schistosoma hematobium infection; Makarantarallo;Almajiri;Silame

scholarly journals Population-based survey of HIV sero-status and vertical transmission among naive pregnant women in Sokoto, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiekumo Igbida Buseri ◽  
Charity Ngozi Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: This study aims at investigating the seroprevalence of HIV infection among status naive pregnant women and probable vertical transmission in Sokoto, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 13,026 apparently healthy pregnant women aged between 14 and 45 years and 312 mother-baby pairs in 4 different hospital settings in Sokoto State, North West, Nigeria between March, 2011 and February, 2013. The babies were aged between 8 and 16 months. HIV screening was performed using qualitative rapid tests and ELISA and HIV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Measurement of CD4+ T-lymphocytes was carried out by the BD FACScount System. All seropositive pregnant women were immediately placed on triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) throughout the duration of the pregnancy and beyond.Results: An overall 2.4% prevalence of HIV-1 infection among the pregnant women and 20.5% incident of mother-to-child transmission were found. Of the seropositive pregnant women, 75.0% were full-time house wives, 13.8% and 11.2% were traders and civil servants respectively; of which, 70.2% were within the ages of 14 and 27 years (youthful predominance). Pearson’s χ2analysis did not show any statistically significant difference in the Mean values in the 4 health facilities (χ2 =2.084, df=3, P-value=0.555). Similarly, no significant difference in HIV seropositivity in the demographic data of the pregnant women were observed (P>0.05). Infection was recorded in all age groups but there was no statistical significance between age groups and infection (P = 0.833). Of the 64 seropositive babies, 62 (92.5%) contracted HIV from antiretroviral therapy non-adherence mothers (χ2 =271.457, df=1, P<0.01), OR=1506.6 (95%CI=285.5-7950.4). Conclusion: This study found high prevalence of vertical transmission due to ART non-adherence. Intervention initiatives should, therefore, focus seriously on ART non-adherence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11530Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 49-57  

scholarly journals Prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis among the population of southern Kyrgyzstan - A cross-sectional observational study

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-746
Author(s):  
Tugolbai Tagaev ◽  
Farida Imanalieva ◽  
Sagynali Mamatov ◽  
Yethindra Vityala ◽  
Altynai Zhumabekova
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
People Group

Introduction and Aim: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by diminished bone strength that increases the risk of fracture in instances of trivial trauma. The objective was to conduct ultrasound bone densitometry in different age groups (18-60 years and older) in southern Kyrgyzstan, to identify and study the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis.   Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study a total of 1200 participants were included, where 580 men and 620 women were aged between 18-60 years and older. Based on the age, the participants were divided into three groups. Bone mineral density in participants was measured using a SONOST-3000 densitometer model. The study was conducted among the population of the Osh and Jalal-Abad regions.   Results: Among the population of Osh state in the first group, normal values were found in 65.0%, osteopenia in 26.0%, and osteoporosis in 9.0% of participants. In the second group, values were significantly higher than in the first group. In the third age group, values exceeded significantly compared to the first and second groups. Similar data were obtained from the population of Jalal-Abad state, but a significant difference was found in the elderly people group with a higher percentage of osteopenia and osteoporosis.   Conclusion: The results showed the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in participants of different age categories of Osh and Jalal-Abad states, and especially in the elderly. Depending on the gender distribution, the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in our study is significantly higher in women than in men.

scholarly journals Dental caries and its association with present day dietary patterns: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2138
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Munjal ◽  
Puneet Singh Talwar ◽  
Jagjit Singh ◽  
Mandeep Kumar ◽  
Ramandeep Gambhir
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease with diet being one of the contributing factors. The influence of vegetarianism on the development of caries has scarcely been investigated in the past. Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the association of dental caries with frequency of sugar exposures and vegetarian / mixed diet.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 2500 school children of 12 and 15 years age groups selected on the basis of simple random sampling from different schools of the city. Dental caries was recorded using Decayed, Missing and Filled teeth index (WHO modification, 1997) and correlated with the different dietary variables. Subjects were also segregated on the basis of diet: vegetarian and mixed. Statistical analysis was done using Student t-test and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient.Results: The prevalence of dental caries in the 12 and 15 year age group of subjects consuming mixed diet was 83.36% and 86.47% respectively. It was lower in case of subjects on vegetarian diet. The correlation between DMFS and TSE, FSE and AMSE was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) in the 12 year age-group. In the 15 year age-group the correlation of DMFS with TSE and LSE was also found to be statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference in dental caries status among subjects in both the groups (vegetarian and mixed). However, there was significant association between sugar exposures and dental caries among subjects of both the age-groups.

scholarly journals Age-Related Haematological Variations in Patients with Asymptomatic Malaria in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu ◽  
Ayomiposi Ibironke Busari ◽  
Immaculata Ogochukwu Uduchi ◽  
I. A. Ogomaka ◽  
Adaobi Maryann Ibekwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ondo State

Background: Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease of widespread burden. Malaria remains a leading communicable disease in the developing countries of the world. It occurs mostly in the tropical and subtropical regions and accounts for considerable morbidity and death. Malaria which is liable for a major amount of mortalities in endemic countries has been revealed to have both direct and indirect impacts on the haematologicalparameters.The study was done to compare the levels of haematological parameters of asymptomatic malaria patients based on age groups. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study among asymptomatic malaria patients based on age groups. This study was conducted in Oda Road area of Akure, Ondo State. Two hundred (200) subjects were recruited for this study with each group comprising of 100 subjects for patients with asymptomatic malaria for the 2 age groups (16-30 years and 31-65 years). The data were presented in tables and as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using student-test for parametric data and chi-square for non parametric data by statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS, Version 20.0) and level of significance set at as p≤ 0.05. Results: The results showed that subjects on age group 16-30 years were 100(50%) comprising of 50 males (25%) and 50 females (25). Also age group 31-65 years has 100 subjects (50%) comprising of 50 males (25%) and 50 females (25).The results showed significant difference in MCV (p=0.008), MCH (p=0.024) and no significant difference in PCV (p=0.675), WBC (p= 0.224), LYM (p=0.109), GRAN (p=0.061), MID (p=0.066), RBC (p=0.119), Hb (p=0.546), MCHC (p=0.262), PLT (p=0.783), when compared between age groups in years (16-30 and 31-65). Conclusion: The study showed increase in MCV and MCH of asymptomatic malaria patients within the age group of 31-65 years compared to asymptomatic malaria patients on 16-30 years age group. This shows that microcytic hypochromic anaemia may be experienced in asymptomatic malaria patients within the age group of 16-30 years more than in 31-65 years age group.

scholarly journals Retrospective Analysis of Prevalence of High-risk and Low-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotypes in Iranian Women During 2013-2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siavash Chalabiani ◽  
Mina Khodadad Nazari ◽  
Mahdi Shabani ◽  
Neda Razavi Davoodi ◽  
Abdolfattah Sarafnejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cancer Etiology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Hpv Prevalence ◽  
Hpv Genotypes

Background and objective: Considering the importance of HPV in cancer etiology, awareness of HPV prevalence and frequency of high-risk genotypes could help improve health care system management. We analyzed HPV prevalence in women forms different provinces of Iran that is the largest sample till now. Material and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 2969 outpatient and suspicious women aged 17- 78 referred to Noor pathobiology laboratory from 24 provinces of Iran were studies. DNA extraction and PCR were performed on samples and then HPV genotypes were also determined using hybridization kit. Results: HPV DNA was detected in 29.3% of valid liquid-based samples. Among HPV positive cases, 67.2% and 52.0% accounted for high-risk and low-risk HPV subtypes, respectively. In patients with high-risk HPV types, HPV16 was confirmed as predominate type (30.5%) followed by HPV53 (17.3%) and HPV39 (13.3 %). HPV6 was found as the most common low-risk HPV type with 60.6% frequency rate followed by HPV11 (17.9%) and HPV81 (8.6%) in this age group. It was apparent that age group >25 years accounted the highest frequency of HPV positivity. The prevalence of HPV was significantly different among different age groups (p<0.0001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that HPV infection is currently at a considerable high level in Iran. Looking at the high risk and oncogenic HPV subtypes frequency especially in younger age groups, a concern could be noticed about HPV relevant cancers which can be prevented by commercial and approved HPV vaccines.

scholarly journals Determination of Anthropometric Indicators of 2 to 6 Years Old Kindergarten and Preschool Children in Isfahan City in 2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid ZARRIN KAFSH ◽  
Gholam Hossein HALVANI ◽  
Hossein FALLAH ◽  
Mahsa ASGARI
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Age And Sex

Introduction: Creation of anthropometric database in any age group is one of the most important issues in designing and manufacturing of used equipment. The aim of this study was to determine the anthropometric characteristics of nurses of kindergartens and preschools in Isfahan in the age range of 2 to 6 years and to create an information reference.Materials and Methods: In this applied study, 700 healthy male and female boys were selected randomly from cluster sampling from nursery schoolchildren and preschools in Isfahan city. 36 anthropometric measurements of them were cross-sectional in the academic year 1396 to 1397. And indicators and statistical percentiles (5.50 and 95) were extracted.Results: Statistical indexes and percentiles were presented as an anthropometric database in 5 age groups and in two sex groups. Age and sex were influenced by most anthropometric variables and significant difference (P <0.05). .Conclusion: The age and sex are two factors affecting anthropometric variables. Therefore, it is necessary to use the anterpometric database of the same age group and gender in the design of the equipment.

scholarly journals Clinical results of shock wave lithotripsy treatment in elderly patients with kidney stones: Results of 1433 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cevahir Ozer ◽  
Mehmet Ilteris Tekin
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SWL treatment in elderly patients with kidney stones. Materials and methods: Data from a total of 3024 patients who underwent SWL treatment for urinary tract stone disease in three centers of our university were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 1433 patients in the adult age group treated for single kidney stones were included in the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups (18-40, 41-64 and ≥ 65) years depending on their age. Demographic data, stone parameters, stone-free rate (SFR) and clinically insignificant residual fragment (CIRF) rate, number of SWL sessions and complication rate were analyzed according to the age groups. Results: The mean age of the patients was 47.38 ± 13.24 years. Stone size was significantly lower in the 18-40 years age group compared to other groups (p = 0.000) and the stones were mostly located on the right side in this age group (p = 0.007). There was no significant relationship between age groups and gender, stone localization, and number of SWL sessions. The overall SFR was 66.4%. Although the SFR was lower (61.4%) and the rate of multiple sessions (27.2%) was higher in ≥ 65 years group, there was no statistically significant difference between age groups regarding SFR, CIRF, need for additional sessions, and complication rates. Conclusions: Due to its similar clinical results, treatment of SWL should not be ignored as a treatment option in the geriatric patient group with kidney stones.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF UNDIAGNOSED HYPERTENSION AMONG SLUM DWELLERS: A COMMUNITY-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY

2019 ◽  
pp. 226-229
Author(s):  
RAJSINH MOHITE ◽  
VAISHALI MOHITE
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence and determinants of undiagnosed hypertension (HTN) in slum population and to its strength of association. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted at Karad urban slum area of district Satara, India in the year 2018. The study was conducted among randomly selected 460 adults were in age ranges from 18 to 60 years. A standard World Health Organization-stepwise approach questionnaire includes demographic data, behavioral information, and clinical examination; anthropometric data were employed to elicit the data from the eligible study participants by interview and examination method. Inferential statistics were worked out to determine the significant statistical association among variables under study. Results: The prevalence of HTN among adult slum dweller was 23.04% of which prevalence of undiagnosed HTN was 16.03%. Significantly higher proportions of undiagnosed hypertensive were seen in males 22% and females 15.5% as well as also in all age groups, and it was seen twice in males as compared to females. The risk factor prevalence of current exposure to tobacco was 88.47% of which higher proportion, 90.7% was seen in females. Alcohol exposure was seen in 25% participants of which higher proportion, 38.5% seen in males and maximum exposure was seen in 46.7% males and 38.8% females and were from the young age group 18–30 years. Daily fruits and pure vegetarian diet consumption was observed in 3.2% and 19.3% slum dwellers, respectively. The prevalence of physical exercise was 17.1% of which significantly higher proportion, 22.0% was seen males and was of 1.8 times more than females. Overweight/obesity (body mass index >25 kg/m2) reported was 25.4% of which higher proportion, 26.9% was seen in females and they were maximum, 31.0% and 32.8% in males and females and from the age group of 40–50 years. Conclusion: Study revealed the prevalence of undiagnosed HTN at alarming state among the people residing in slum habitations. Similarly, risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, physical inactivity, obesity, and dietary patterns were strongly existence among participants.

scholarly journals Differences in head size and shape during the growth of Deutero Malay children

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Ameta Primasari ◽  
Veronica Angelia ◽  
Dimas Agara
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cephalic Index ◽  
Head Shape ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Head Height

Introduction: The growth periods of 0-18 years old can be studied with anthropometry by identifying the head size and shape of the human head. Study on vertical, transverse, and horizontal cephalic indexes can understand differences and growth between sexes and age groups. This study was aimed to analyse the averages and differences in the head size and shape of Deutero Malay children in different age groups. Methods: This research was a descriptive analytic study with cross-sectional design. The sample of 192 Deutero Malay children consisted of boys and girls with an age range of 7-18 years old. Measurement of head height, length, and width was performed to calculate the differences of vertical, transverse, and horizontal cephalic index values by sex and age group, and the classification of the head shape based on the cephalic index values. Results: There was a difference of vertical, transverse, and horizontal by age group, with p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). The average of vertical, transverse, and horizontal cephalic index values was significantly higher in each age group. The average horizontal cephalic index was significantly higher in boys and girls. There was no significant difference in the head shape by the vertical and horizontal cephalic index in all age groups. The highest vertical cephalic index found was chamaecephalic (68%). The highest transverse cephalic index was tapeiocephalic (99%). The highest horizontal cephalic index was hyperbrachycephalic (80%). Conclusion: There is similar head shape of Deutero Malay children, although there may be increasing head size along with age. Keywords: Deutero Malay, head shape, cephalic index, transverse cephalic index, horizontal cephalic index, vertical cephalic index

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