scholarly journals A Study on HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C among Dental Patients Screened from Different Districts of Kashmir Valley

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Sonia Gupta ◽  
Suheel Hamid Latoo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Oral Pathology ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Dental Practitioners

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most common chronic viral infections worldwide. They are blood borne infections and share common routes of transmission, but they differ in efficiency by which certain types of exposures transmit them and their prevalence by geographic region. Aims and objective: To evaluate the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C in patients screened from different districts, to increase the awareness among dental practitioners and the patients attending dental clinics as well as to evaluate the risk factors for infection with these viruses in order to reduce the burden of these diseases in the community. Materials and method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 2150 subjects (1230 males and 920 females) reported in the Department of Oral Pathology, GDC & H Srinagar for routine serological investigations. All the screened patients referred from different departments of this institution were enrolled. Results: The prevalence of HBV and HCV among dental patients was 0.65% and 0.51% respectively but HIV positive cases had not been reported. In the present study, majority of the HBV positive cases were from Anantnag district and most common risk factors for infections were dental treatment and blood transfusion. Conclusion: Prevention is an important aspect in controlling the spread of this viral infection as an epidemic. Hence, control programs for the prevention of these diseases that threaten public health must be planned and implemented. Keywords: Hepatitis B, HIV, Seroprevalence, Dental treatment, Transmission, Prevention.

scholarly journals CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS C INFECTION IN A RURAL VILLAGE OF INDIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad BHATE ◽  
Naimish SARAF ◽  
Pathik PARIKH ◽  
Meghraj INGLE ◽  
Aniruddha PHADKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Product Transfusion ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbsag Positivity

Background - Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are among the principal causes of severe liver disease. There is limited data of epidemiology of Hepatitis B in community, more so in rural population. Objective - To find the prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection in community and study the risk factors for their transmission. Methods - This was a community based cross sectional study. A total of 1833 randomly selected subjects from a rural area were interviewed for risk factors for transmission and tested for markers of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection. All the positive card tests were confirmed by ELISA. Results - Out of 2400 subjects, rate for participation was 76.38%. None of the subjects was positive for anti hepatitis C virus antibody. Point prevalence for HBsAg positivity was 0.92. Being healthcare worker and having tattoo were significantly associated with HBsAg positive results. Nose and ear piercing was reported by almost. History of blood or blood product transfusion, I/V drug abuse, multiple sexual partners, unsafe Injections, hemodialysis and any h/o surgery was not associated with HBsAg positivity. Conclusion - Health care workers are at high risk for transmission of hepatitis B. Educating common people regarding mode of transmission of Hepatitis B and C will help to reduce their transmission.

PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS IN BLOOD DONORS AT DA NANG HOSPITAL C IN 2014

2015 ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Dinh Binh Tran ◽  
Thi No Ho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donor ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Donor Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Positive Rate

Objectives: Study on prevalence of hepatitis B virus in blood donors at Hospital C Danang to determine the percentage of HBsAg-positive in blood donors and identify some risk factors related to hepatitis B virus infection in blood donors. Material and methods: Samples of blood of donors were HBsAg testing by ELISA, the research conducted by descriptive cross-sectional design. The results and conclusions are as follows: Results: HBsAg positive rate was 10.6% (35/330), which accounted for 14.7% males and 7.5% females. HBsAg positive rate high percentage of first-time blood donor group (15.2%), very low proportion of repeat blood donor group (0.9%). Conclusion: HBsAg positive is according to the risk factors for hepatitis B virus transmission associated with surgery, acupuncture, tattooing, infusion, injection, dental treatment, skin sewing and manicure, not associated with history of blood transfusion and endoscopy. Key words: HBsAg, blood donors, HBV.

Availability of dental services for patients with blood-borne viruses

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Kellock ◽  
E M Carlin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Universal Precautions ◽  
Dental Practitioners

Dental practitioners were surveyed, using a self-completed postal questionnaire, to assess their attitudes to managing patients with blood-borne viruses (BBV) and to identify dental services available for such patients in North Nottinghamshire. Questionnaires were completed by 79 (65.3%) of the 121 practitioners from 43 (82.7%) of the 52 study practices. Previous BBV experience was reported by 44 (55.7%), 31 (39.2%), 20 (25.3%) respondents for hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), HIV, respectively. Over two-thirds would maintain existing patients with subsequently diagnosed BBV on their lists, approximately one-third would accept new BBV patients. Risk factors for BBV of homo/bisexuality and injecting drug use were not asked by 71 (89.9%) and 49 (62.0%) practitioners, respectively. Universal precautions were employed by 67 (84.8%) practitioners regardless of the patient's status and by seven practitioners for known BBV patients. The advice of the General Dental Council, British Dental Association, and the use of universal precautions are discussed.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS;

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 518-525
Author(s):  
SHAHNAZ ANWER ◽  
MUHAMMAD YOUNIS KHAN ◽  
SHEIKH ATIQ-UR- REHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

O b j e c t i v e : To determine the risk factors associated with hepatitis B and C carriers versus healthy pregnant women. Materiala n d M e t h o d s : It was a single center based, cross sectional comparative study, conducted at Gynae ward II, B-V hospital Bahawalpur. Durationof study was from March to August 2008.100 patients were enrolled in the two groups, 50 HbsAg/Anti HCV positive women (cases) to comparewith 50 healthy women (controls) match for parity. The data were recorded on a proforma. R e s u l t s : 100 pregnant women were enrolled. Sixtyeight (68.0%) were aged 25 years or less with a mean age ± S.D of 24.62 ± 3.40. Ten (20%) women had HBV and 40(80%) were HCV positive.The risk factors were compared between the two groups by uni-variate and multivariate analysis which showed that history of dental treatment,blood transfusion, surgery, parenteral treatment and jaundice were significant risk factors for hepatitis B and C carrier status. C o n c l u s i o n :There appears to be a strong co-relation of history of blood transfusion and dental treatment with HbsAg/ Anti HCV carrier state in pregnantwomen. The anti HCV seropositivity was appreciably high (80%) as compared to HbsAg (20%) in carrier pregnant women.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Infections among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Single-Centre Study in Somalia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mohamed Osman Omar Jeele ◽  
Rukia Omar Barei Addow ◽  
Faduma Nur Adan ◽  
Liban Hassan Jimale
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Single Centre Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Introduction. Hemodialysis patients have the highest risk for developing hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) than the general population. There is no study available for HBV and HCV in this population in Somalia. The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of HBV and HCV infections among hemodialysis patients in Somalia. Methods. A cross-sectional assessment of hemodialysis patients from January 2021 to June 2021 was used in this study. 220 patients were included in this study. Age, sex, duration of hemodialysis, number of hemodialysis sessions per week, history of blood transfusion, HbsAg, and anti-HCV antibodies were examined. Results. Out of the 220 patients, males were predominant (113 (51.4%)). The mean age of the participants was 52.70. The prevalence of HBV was 7.3% (16 respondents), while the prevalence of HCV was 3.2% (7 respondents). 1 respondent (0.5%) had both HBV and HCV. There is a positive correlation between the duration of hemodialysis and the prevalence of HBV and HCV (r(218) = 0.298, p value <0.001), blood transfusion and prevalence of HBV and HCV (r(218) = 0.347, p value <0.001), and the number of hemodialysis sessions per week and prevalence of HBV and HCV (r(218) = 0.402, p value <0.001). The regression model of the combined predictors of history of blood transfusion, duration of hemodialysis, and number of dialysis sessions per week is R2 = 0.25, which indicates a 25% variance in the prevalence of HBV and HCV with a significance of F (3,216) = 23.67, p < 0 .001 . Conclusions. The prevalence of HBV and HCV among hemodialysis patients in this study was 7.3% and 3.2%, respectively. 0.5% of the respondents had both HBV and HCV. History of blood transfusion, duration of hemodialysis, and number of hemodialysis sessions per week appear to have a strong correlation with the prevalence of HBV and HCV.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Hepatitis C Virus Transmission

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Maimoona Maheen ◽  
Mehak Ruqia ◽  
Sana Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Family History ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ear Piercing ◽  
History Of

Background: Hepatitis C is not only a globally prevalent disease but also a significant cause of death. It has multiple complications ranging from Hepatocellular carcinoma to decompensated liver disease. This study was planned to determine the frequencies of various risk factors in Hepatitis C positive patients presenting to a tertiary care health facility in Rawalpindi.Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 394 patients that presented to Liver Centre, Holy Family Hospital during the years 2015 to 2016. All these patients were confirmed cases of Hepatitis C. The data were collected from records of the liver center of Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23 was used to analyze data, and descriptive statistics were calculated. All patients with any other comorbidity were excluded.Results: Of the 394 patients included in this study, 197 (50%) males and 197(50%) females with an average age of 44.48. Out of these, 143(36.3%) had a history of previous surgery, 65 (16.5%) had a blood transfusion, 165 (42.19%) had a history of dental treatment, and 189(48.0%) had a history of injections (IM and IV). Ninety-two patients (23.4%) had a history of barber shave, four patients (1%) had tattooed, and 83 patients (21.1 %) had a history of ear piercing. Fifty patients (38.2%) had a family history of Hepatitis C. Only 23 (31.2%) patients had only one risk factor, while 271 (68.7%) had more than one risk factor before a diagnosis of disease.Conclusion: The majority of the patients had more than one risk factor, with a history of injection use being the most common (intravenous and intramuscular). It was followed by the history of dental treatment, family history, and history of previous surgery.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B and hepatitis C in three large regions of Kazakhstan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261155
Author(s):  
Alexander Nersesov ◽  
Arnur Gusmanov ◽  
Byron Crape ◽  
Gulnara Junusbekova ◽  
Salim Berkinbayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comprehensive Programs

Background & aims Kazakhstan has implemented comprehensive programs to reduce the incidence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. This study aims to assess seroprevalence and risk factors for HBsAg and anti-HCV positivity in three large regions of Kazakhstan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in three regions geographically remote from each other. Participants were randomly selected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling and were surveyed by a questionnaire based on the WHO STEP survey instrument. Blood samples were collected for HBsAg and anti-HCV testing. Results A total of 4,620 participants were enrolled. The seroprevalence was 5.5% (95%CI: 3.6%-8.4%) for HBsAg and 5.1% (95%CI: 3.5%-7.5%) for anti-HCV antibodies. Both were more prevalent in the western and northern regions than in the southern. A history of blood transfusion was significantly associated with anti-HCV presence, with odds ratios (ORs) of 2.10 (95%CI: 1.37–3.21) and was borderline associated with HBsAg 1.39 (95%CI: 0.92–2.10), respectively. Having a family member with viral hepatitis was also borderline associated (2.09 (95%CI: 0.97–4.50)) with anti-HCV positivity. Conclusions This study found a high-intermediate level of endemicity for HBsAg and a high level of endemicity for anti-HCV antibodies in three large regions of Kazakhstan. We found that history of surgery was not associated with HbsAg neither with anti-HCV seropositivity rates. Blood transfusion was associated with anti-HCV seropositivity, however, to investigate effectiveness of the introduced comprehensive preventive measures in health care settings, there is a need to conduct further epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals Low prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections among the healthcare workers despite low vaccination coverage for hepatitis B in Mumbai

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmesh K. Shah ◽  
Samit S. Jain ◽  
Amol A. Khot ◽  
Amit R. Gharat ◽  
Girish C. Rajadhyaksha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Difference

<p class="ABS"><span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Background</span><span class="Bold">:</span> The risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections through exposure to blood or its products and contact with other body fluids is high amongst health care workers (HCWs). Despite potential risks, a proportion of HCWs never get vaccinated. This study aimed to investigate the vaccination practices and the prevalence of HBV infection in HCWs. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Aims:</span> To determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV, their possible association with occupational and non-occupational risk factors. We also studied the prevalence of vaccination for hepatitis B in different subgroups of study population. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Materials and Methods:</span> In this cross-sectional study, total 1347 hospital staffs were screened for hepatitis B and hepatitis C. HBV is detected by HBsAg testing, and HCV is detected by anti-HCV testing by ELISA method. Positive results were confirmed by HBV DNA testing (Qualitative) and HCV RNA testing (Qualitative). A questionnaire used to collect data from study participants was pre-designed by the authors. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Results:</span> Out of total 1347 hospital staffs screened, 6 (0.4%) were HBsAg-positive and 2 (0.1%) were anti-HCV-positive. Only 54% had a history of complete vaccination, and 0.3% had incomplete vaccination. Vaccination coverage was highest in residents (76.7%), medical students (68.9%), nursing (66.1%), and teachers (61.4%) and lowest in servants (5.4%), office staff (6.6%), and lab technicians (24.3%). Awareness about the risk factor for transmission of HBV and HCV and complication related to them was 77.7%. It was highest in teachers (93.9%) and residents (97.8%), lowest in servants (16.3%). No statistically significant difference in the exposure to various risk factors among those who are HBsAg or anti-HCV-positive and HBsAg or anti-HCV-negative. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Conclusions:</span> The prevalence of HBV and HCV infection is not high in hospital staff than general population. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage was below expectation in all the subgroups even in resident doctors and teachers.</p><div> </div>

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