scholarly journals Low prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections among the healthcare workers despite low vaccination coverage for hepatitis B in Mumbai

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmesh K. Shah ◽  
Samit S. Jain ◽  
Amol A. Khot ◽  
Amit R. Gharat ◽  
Girish C. Rajadhyaksha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Difference

<p class="ABS"><span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Background</span><span class="Bold">:</span> The risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections through exposure to blood or its products and contact with other body fluids is high amongst health care workers (HCWs). Despite potential risks, a proportion of HCWs never get vaccinated. This study aimed to investigate the vaccination practices and the prevalence of HBV infection in HCWs. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Aims:</span> To determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV, their possible association with occupational and non-occupational risk factors. We also studied the prevalence of vaccination for hepatitis B in different subgroups of study population. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Materials and Methods:</span> In this cross-sectional study, total 1347 hospital staffs were screened for hepatitis B and hepatitis C. HBV is detected by HBsAg testing, and HCV is detected by anti-HCV testing by ELISA method. Positive results were confirmed by HBV DNA testing (Qualitative) and HCV RNA testing (Qualitative). A questionnaire used to collect data from study participants was pre-designed by the authors. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Results:</span> Out of total 1347 hospital staffs screened, 6 (0.4%) were HBsAg-positive and 2 (0.1%) were anti-HCV-positive. Only 54% had a history of complete vaccination, and 0.3% had incomplete vaccination. Vaccination coverage was highest in residents (76.7%), medical students (68.9%), nursing (66.1%), and teachers (61.4%) and lowest in servants (5.4%), office staff (6.6%), and lab technicians (24.3%). Awareness about the risk factor for transmission of HBV and HCV and complication related to them was 77.7%. It was highest in teachers (93.9%) and residents (97.8%), lowest in servants (16.3%). No statistically significant difference in the exposure to various risk factors among those who are HBsAg or anti-HCV-positive and HBsAg or anti-HCV-negative. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Conclusions:</span> The prevalence of HBV and HCV infection is not high in hospital staff than general population. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage was below expectation in all the subgroups even in resident doctors and teachers.</p><div> </div>

scholarly journals Nurses’ Knowledge toward Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in Guilan, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farahnaz Joukar ◽  
Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei ◽  
Mohammad Reza Naghipour ◽  
Tolou Hasandokht
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Health care workers (HCWs) represent high risk population for viral hepatitis infection. Objectives: This study sought to assess the knowledge of HCWs regarding hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) infection. Methods: In a multi-center cross sectional study, all HCWs from eight teaching hospitals were invited to participate in the study and to fill in a self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 1008 eligible HCWs have responded to the study. A high proportion of the study participants (55.4% and 52.9%) had unsatisfactory knowledge about HBV and HCV. Mean knowledge score toward HBV was significantly higher among more educated staff, p <0.001 and vaccinated personnel, P=0.02. Majority of responders answered correctly to transmission questions toward HBV and HCV (90% and 80%, respectively). There was statistically significant difference in only transmission domain score between various hospitals (p<0.05). The highest scores were related to surgical hospital. Conclusion: Although more than ninety percent of our participants were educated about HBV and HCV, knowledge about nature of disease, prevention, treatment and vaccine availability was unsatisfactory. Continuous training program toward viral infection is a matter of necessity.

scholarly journals CORRELATION OF VIROLOGICAL AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B & C CO-INFECTION

1969 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 463-468
Author(s):  
JAVED IQBAL FAROOQI ◽  
RUKHSANAJAVED FAROOQI ◽  
RIAZMUHAMMAD ◽  
ZAFAR ALI ◽  
ABDURREHMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Both HBV super-infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C and HCV super-infectionin patients with chronic hepatitis B have been reported. In case of co-infection, hepatitis B and C interactwith each other and affect immune responses resulting in active HCV with inactive HBV, active HBVwith inactive HCV, both active and both inactive. The objective of our study was to find out andcorrelate the virological and clinical profile in our patients with chronic hepatitis B and C co-infection.Material and Methods: This observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted atMedical ‘A’ Ward, PGMI, LRH Peshawar and Author’s Private Hepatology Clinic, from July 2010 toJune 2014. All patients with HBsAg and Anti-HCV Reactive by ELISA for more than six months wereincluded in the study. Following investigations were carried out in these patients: Serum ALT, HBeAg,anti-HBe, HBV DNA PCR, HCV RNA PCR, and abdominal ultrasound. Data was entered and analyzedusing SPSS version 16.0.Results: A total of 130 patients were included in the analysis, out of which 81 (62.3%) were males.Mean age of patients was 40.52±14.27 years. Majority of patients belonged to age-group of 21-30 years.Mean serum ALT of patients was 83.69±60.48 U/L. Majority of patients belonged to ALT-Group of 41-80 U/L. Hepatitis C Virus was the dominant virus in 53% of patients. Chronic Hepatitis was thedominant clinical profile in 73% of patients.Conclusion: Hepatitis C Virus is the dominant virus in our patients with BC co-infection. There is nostatistically significant association between virological and clinical profile of these patients.Key Words: Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, BC Co-infection, Chronic Hepatitis, Cirrhosis,Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Bloodborne Exposure and Infection in Correctional Healthcare Workers

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn R. M. Gershon ◽  
Martin Sherman ◽  
Clifford Mitchell ◽  
David Vlahov ◽  
Melissa J. Erwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Job Duties ◽  
Correctional Healthcare

Objective.To determine the prevalence and risk factors for bloodborne exposure and infection in correctional healthcare workers (CHCWs).Design.Cross-sectional risk assessment study with a confidential questionnaire and serological testing performed during 1999-2000.Setting.Correctional systems in 3 states.Results.Among 310 participating CHCWs, the rate of percutaneous injury (PI) was 32 Pis per 100 person-years overall and 42 Pis per 100 person-years for CHCWs with clinical job duties. Underreporting was common, with only 25 (49%) of 51 Pis formally reported to the administration. Independent risk factors for experiencing PI included being age 45 or older (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.41 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.31-4.46]) and having job duties that involved needle contact (aOR, 3.70 [95% CI, 1.28-10.63]) or blood contact (aOR, 5.05 [95% CI, 1.45-17.54]). Overall, 222 CHCWs (72%) reported having received a primary hepatitis В vaccination series; of these, 150 (68%) tested positive for anti-hepatitis B surface antigen, with negative results significantly associated with receipt of last dose more than 5 years previously. Serologic markers of hepatitis В virus infection were identified in 31 individuals (10%), and the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection was 2% (n = 7). The high hepatitis B vaccination rate limited the ability to identify risk factors for infection, but hepatitis C virus infection correlated with community risk factors only.Conclusion.Although the wide coverage with hepatitis B vaccination and the decreasing rate of hepatitis C virus infection in the general population are encouraging, the high rate of exposure in CHCWs and the lack of exposure documentation are concerns. Continued efforts to develop interventions to reduce exposures and encourage reporting should be implemented and evaluated in correctional healthcare settings. These interventions should address infection control barriers unique to the correctional setting.

Hepatotropic viruses (hepatitis A, B, C, D and E) in a rural Brazilian population: prevalence, genotypes, risk factors and vaccination

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlla A A Caetano ◽  
Fabiana P R Bergamaschi ◽  
Megmar A S Carneiro ◽  
Raquel S Pinheiro ◽  
Lyriane A Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A

Abstract Background People living in settlement projects represent an emergent rural population in Brazil. Data on their health is scarce and there are no data on viral hepatitis in this population. This study investigated the epidemiology of viral hepatitis A-E in residents of settlement projects in central Brazil. Methods During 2011 and 2012, 923 people living in rural settlements in central Brazil were interviewed and tested to estimate the prevalence of exposure to viral hepatitis A-E, to identify the circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and risk factors for HBV exposure and to evaluate adherence to the hepatitis B vaccination series. Results Overall, 85.9, 3.9, 0.4 and 17.3% of individuals showed evidence of exposure to hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus, HCV and HBV, respectively. Among HBV-DNA positive samples (n=8), subgenotypes A1 (n=3) and A2 (n=1) and genotype D/subgenotype D3 (n=4) were identified. Hepatitis D virus superinfection was detected in 0/16 HBsAg-positive participants. A total of 229 individuals showed serological evidence of HBV vaccination. In total, 442 settlers were eligible for vaccination, but only 150 individuals completed the vaccine series. All anti-HCV-positive samples (n=4) were also HCV-RNA positive and identified as subtype 1a. Conclusions The intermediate endemicity of HAV, the higher prevalence of HBV exposure compared with urban areas and the low compliance with HBV vaccination requires preventive measures focused on rural populations, emphasizing the need for HAV and HBV vaccination.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B vaccination coverage in patients with diabetes mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Cordeiro Alves Arrelias ◽  
Fernando Bellissimo-Rodrigues ◽  
Letícia Cristina Lourenço de Lima ◽  
Anderson Soares da Silva ◽  
Nereida Kilza da Costa Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Abstract OBJECTIVE Analyze the factors associated with full hepatitis B vaccination (three doses) in patients with diabetes mellitus. METHOD Cross-sectional study, conducted in a health unit in a city in the state of São Paulo, with 255 patients on outpatient follow-up, in 2014. Data were obtained from the computerized system of the Municipal Health Department and via a structured questionnaire. A logistic regression model was used for analysis. RESULTS Full hepatitis B vaccination was noted in 13.7% of the patients and shown to be directly associated with their educational level (OR=1.30; CI: 1.07-1.57) and current or previous work as a health professional (OR=3.21; CI: 1.16-8.89). CONCLUSION Hepatitis B vaccination coverage was found to be low in patients with diabetes mellitus, indicating their vulnerability to this serious and potentially fatal disease. Higher educational level and working in the field of health were associated with better vaccination coverage.

Seroprevalence of Blood Borne Pathogens among Health Care Workers and Their Hepatitis B Vaccination Status in Tertiary Care Hospitals in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Dafei ◽  
Shiv K. Sarin ◽  
Anjur T. Kannan ◽  
Kamal Agrawal ◽  
Suneela Garg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
Anti Hiv

<p><strong>BACKGROUND &amp; AIM: </strong>Occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens, mainly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV), poses a serious risk to healthcare workers (HCWs), especially in developing countries, due to the high prevalence of these pathogens and fewer safety precautions. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections and to measure the vaccination practices in HCWs at three tertiary care hospitals in Delhi, India.</p><p><strong>METHOD:</strong> In a descriptive (cross-sectional) study, the HCWs of three tertiary hospitals were selected by simple random sampling and divided into four different groups (nurses, laboratory and operational theater technicians, doctors and housekeeping workers). The participants were screened for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag), antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti HBs), antibody to hepatitis C (anti HCV), and antibody to HIV (anti HIV). From June 2010 to April 2012, a structured questionnaire was administered to 850 HCWs after obtaining consent.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Among 850 HCWs, 51.8% were nurses and 50.6% were female with a mean (SD) age of 34(8.7) years.  The overall seroprevalence of HBsAg, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV was 1.1%, 0.3%, and 0.1%, respectively. There was a high proportion of HBsAg positivity among housekeeping workers (4.9%) followed by nurses (3.3%). Out of 9 positive cases of HBsAg, 66% (6) were never vaccinated and out of a total of 11 positive subjects, 72 % (8) had previous exposure in the workplace. Complete HBV vaccination was done in 78.2% (605) of the HCWs and 11.3% (75) were partially vaccinated. Only 20.1% had checked their anti-HBs. Protective (&gt;10 IU/mL) anti-HBs was seen in 70.6% (600) of the participants, indicating that nearly one third of HCWs were not protected against HBV infection. The majority of the study subjects (63.6%) believed that they were immunized against hepatitis B and did not need to check the immunity titer.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Not all HCWs were vaccinated and the majority of vaccinated subjects did not know their immunity level. Housekeeping workers had a high seropositivity rate of infections and a low rate of vaccination against HBV. Institutional policy and training were found to be of paramount importance to improve the quality of health in HCWs.</p>

scholarly journals Epidemiological correlates with communicable viral co-infections of hepatitis B and hepatitis C and non-communicable diabetes among HIV ART naïve rural patients of Kanchipuram district: a prospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3283
Author(s):  
A. Kasthuri ◽  
K. Mohana Krishnan ◽  
S. K. Amsavathani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Onset Of Diabetes

Background: The objectives of the study were to study the epidemiological correlates of ART Naïve HIV cases; to study the incidence of co–infections among them; to find the incidence of onset of diabetes among them. Concomitant infection of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus viruses leads to higher frequency of carrier state and severe manifestations of the disease in HIV patients. There is general agreement that the traditional risk factors for DM (increasing age, minority race, obesity) are still responsible for most of the increased risk in the HIV infected population.Methods: This study was designed as a prospective cohort study and was done at the Meenakshi Medical College & Research institute, an academic and Tertiary medical centre in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, South India. The study duration was from June 2004 to June 2010. SPSS 13 was used in the calculation of chi-square and percentages.Results: Among 207 participants, mean age is 36.04 and the SD is 10.895. There is significant difference between the incidence of viral co-infections like hepatitis B and hepatitis C (p<0.001). There is significant difference between the incidence of onset of diabetes (p<0.001). The HbsAg and HCV co infection was comparatively lower than the urban population. Among the 50 HIV reactive, non diabetic patients without risk factors, only one found to be Diabetic and another found to be Pre diabetic after 6 months follow-up.Conclusions: The cost of treatment escalates, when PLHA is co-infected either with viral infections or diabetes, and also their quality of life becomes poor. So, monitoring of CD4 and CD8 should be done as a routine and screening and early treatment should be made mandatory. 

scholarly journals Hepatitis B vaccination coverage and risk factors associated with incomplete vaccination of children born to hepatitis B surface antigen-positive mothers, Denmark, 2006 to 2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asja Kunoee ◽  
Jens Nielsen ◽  
Susan Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Chronic Hbv

In Denmark, universal screening of pregnant women for hepatitis B has been in place since November 2005, with the first two years as a trial period with enhanced surveillance. It is unknown what the change to universal screening without enhanced surveillance has meant for vaccination coverage among children born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers and what risk factors exist for incomplete vaccination. This retrospective cohort study included 699 children of mothers positive for HBsAg. Information on vaccination and risk factors was collected from central registers. In total, 93% (651/699) of the children were vaccinated within 48 hours of birth, with considerable variation between birthplaces. Only 64% (306/475) of the children had received all four vaccinations through their general practitioner (GP) at the age of two years, and 10% (47/475) of the children had received no hepatitis B vaccinations at all. Enhanced surveillance was correlated positively with coverage of birth vaccination but not with coverage at the GP. No or few prenatal examinations were a risk factor for incomplete vaccination at the GP. Maternity wards and GPs are encouraged to revise their vaccination procedures and routines for pregnant women, mothers with chronic HBV infection and their children.

scholarly journals Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage Among Persons Who Inject Drugs and Have Evidence of Hepatitis C Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Koepke ◽  
Danielle N. Sill ◽  
Wajiha Z. Akhtar ◽  
Kailynn P. Mitchell ◽  
Sheila M. Guilfoyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Immunization Registry ◽  
Increased Risk

Objectives: Despite recommendations for vaccination against hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) for all adults at increased risk of infection, several US states have reported increases in HAV and HBV infections among persons who inject drugs. We investigated hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccination coverage among a sample of persons who reported injecting drugs and had evidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Methods: We searched the Wisconsin Immunization Registry for the vaccination records of persons who underwent HCV testing at syringe services programs from January 1 through August 31, 2018, and were reported to the Wisconsin Division of Public Health as having positive HCV antibody test results and a history of injection drug use. We calculated the percentage of persons who were vaccinated according to national recommendations. Results: Of 215 persons reported, 204 (94.9%) had a client record in the Wisconsin Immunization Registry. Of these 204 persons, 66 (32.4%) had received ≥1 dose of hepatitis A vaccine, 46 (22.5%) had received 2 doses of hepatitis A vaccine, and 115 (56.4%) had received 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccine coverage decreased with increasing age, from 88.0% (22 of 25) among adults aged 20-24 to 30.3% (10 of 33) among adults aged 35-39. Conclusions: These findings suggest that most persons who inject drugs in Wisconsin are susceptible to HAV infection and that most persons aged ≥35 who inject drugs are susceptible to HBV infection. In addition to routine vaccination of children, targeted hepatitis vaccination programs should focus on adults who inject drugs to help prevent future infections.

scholarly journals CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS C INFECTION IN A RURAL VILLAGE OF INDIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad BHATE ◽  
Naimish SARAF ◽  
Pathik PARIKH ◽  
Meghraj INGLE ◽  
Aniruddha PHADKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Product Transfusion ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbsag Positivity

Background - Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are among the principal causes of severe liver disease. There is limited data of epidemiology of Hepatitis B in community, more so in rural population. Objective - To find the prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection in community and study the risk factors for their transmission. Methods - This was a community based cross sectional study. A total of 1833 randomly selected subjects from a rural area were interviewed for risk factors for transmission and tested for markers of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection. All the positive card tests were confirmed by ELISA. Results - Out of 2400 subjects, rate for participation was 76.38%. None of the subjects was positive for anti hepatitis C virus antibody. Point prevalence for HBsAg positivity was 0.92. Being healthcare worker and having tattoo were significantly associated with HBsAg positive results. Nose and ear piercing was reported by almost. History of blood or blood product transfusion, I/V drug abuse, multiple sexual partners, unsafe Injections, hemodialysis and any h/o surgery was not associated with HBsAg positivity. Conclusion - Health care workers are at high risk for transmission of hepatitis B. Educating common people regarding mode of transmission of Hepatitis B and C will help to reduce their transmission.

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