PETROGRAPHIC AND PROVENANCE STUDIES OF HEAVY MINERALS IN SANDSTONES FROM IFELODUN, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
A. D. Adedoyin ◽  
J. G. Atat ◽  
E. E. Ekott

Petrographic and provenance studies of heavy minerals in Ifelodun sediment were carried out. Sediment samples from eight locations were obtained from the study area; sieved to allow only sand-size lithology. The result was achieved after subjecting this sieved lithology obtained to analyses using a binocular (transmitted and reflected light) microscope. Minerals were separated in a funnel using bromoform with a specific gravity of about 2.89 (gravity method). The heavy minerals present in lithologic sand units are mainly staurolite, tourmaline, zircon and other opaque minerals including cassiterite. The most dominant non-opaque mineral is staurolite with 27.5% of the total minerals counted in the area. Staurolite is very appreciable in locations AR1 with 60% presence (which is 80% of the non-opaque minerals), AR3, AR5, AR7 and OL15b (each with 30%). OL15b also recorded a better amount of tourmaline (20%); Zircon is better in OL6b with 20% of the heavy minerals available in this location. The source rock predicted is porphyroblastic schists.

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-253
Author(s):  
John Edward Callahan

Stream sediments from a 13 000 km2 previously glaciated area in central Labrador near Churchill Falls were examined for their heavy mineral content. The minus 0.25 mm (60 mesh) nonmagnetic heavy mineral fraction from 846 stream sediment samples consists mainly of magnetite, ilmenite. garnet, hornblende, epidote and minor clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene. kyanite. sillimanite, biotite. apatite, and zircon. Changes in the frequency distribution of epidote, hornblende, garnet, and sillimanite in the stream sediments correspond well with those reported in previously mapped underlying bedrock lithologies. The occurrence of kyanite and sillimanite, high concentrations of garnet and opaques (mainly ilmenite), and lower concentrations of hornblende and epidote were used to determine grades of regional metamorphism, resulting in revision of the geologic map of this area. Heavy minerals in glacial drift or fluvial deposits may be useful as an aid in mapping in glaciated areas.


Science ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 157 (3786) ◽  
pp. 305-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Egger ◽  
M. Petran

1982 ◽  
Vol 46 (341) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Beyth ◽  
Carlotta McInteer

AbstractFavourability of uranium mineralization in six tertiary granitic plutons of the Alaska Range in the Talkeetna and Mt McKinley quadrangles was studied. The uranium concentrations of drainage sediment samples, which were collected and analysed by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory for the National Uranium Resources Evaluation, were statistically evaluated and compared to those of the surrounding area using factor and cluster analyses. The results of this study suggest that five of the six plutons under consideration are likely to contain uranium mineralization. These plutons are probably a potential source rock for uranium in the region.


1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BREWER ◽  
R. PROTZ ◽  
J. A. McKEAGUE

A number of thin iron–manganese pans from soils with peaty surface horizons have been examined with a light microscope and electron microprobe analyzer. The results show that: (1) concentrations of Fe and Mn (as oxides, hydroxides, or both) occur distinctly separated from each other even where closely associated, i.e., every unit analyzed was dominantly either Mn or Fe with little contamination by the other; (2) Mn concentrations always increase in proportion to Fe with increasing depth in the pans; generally Mn concentrations underlie Fe concentrations; (3) at least in these pans, the various kinds of Fe and Mn concentrations can be distinguished optically by using both transmitted and reflected light characteristics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Revo Raprika Kurniawan ◽  
Jusup Suprijanto ◽  
Ali Ridlo

Karimunjawa merupakan salah satu kawasan Taman Nasional yang terdapat di Indonesia yang terdiri dari pulau-pulau dan terbagi menjadi beberapa zona yang disesuaikan menurut fungsi dan peruntukkannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sedimen di zona pemukiman, zona pemanfaatan darat, dan zona perlindungan bahari Kepulauan Karimunjawa, Jepara. Sampel sedimen diambil dengan menggunakan pipa di 3 lokasi yaitu Pelabuhan Perintis, Legon Lele, dan Cemara Kecil. Sampel dikeringkan kemudian dipisahkan berdasakan ukuran butir menggunakan sieve shaker. Sedimen yang terjebak dalam sieve ukuran 0,3 dan 0,1 mm direndam dalam H2O2 30% selama 24 jam selanjutnya mikroplastik dipisahkan dari sedimen dengan 100 ml ZnCl2 densitas 1,5 g/cm-3 kemudian disaring dengan menggunakan kerta Whatman No. 40. Mikroplastik diamati bentuk, warna, dan jumlah menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dengan perbesaran 100x dan diidentifikasi secara visual. Jenis mikroplastik ditentukan dengan Uji FT-IR. Hasil menunjukkan kelimpahan mikroplastik tertinggi ditemukan pada lokasi Legon Lele dengan jumlah sebesar 340 partikel/kg, pada Pelabuhan Perintis sebanyak 245 partikel/kg, dan pada Cemara Kecil sebanyak 245 partikel/kg. Bentuk mikroplastik yang ditemukan yaitu fragment, film, dan fiber. Jenis mikroplastik diduga yaitu HDPE, PVC, Polypropylene (PP), Polystrene (PS), ABS, Latex, LDPE, Nitrile, dan Nylon. Karimunjawa is one of the National Park areas in Indonesia which consists of islands and is divided into zones which are adjusted according to their function and purpose. This study aims to determine the type and abundance of microplastics in sediments in residential zones, land use zones, and marine protection zones of the Karimunjawa Islands, Jepara. Sediment samples were taken using pipes in 3 locations, namely Perintis Harbor, Legon Lele, and Cemara Kecil. The sample is dried and then separated based on grain size using a sieve shaker. Sediments trapped in 0.3 and 0.1 mm sieve sizes were soaked in 30% H2O2 for 24 hours and then microplastic was separated from sediments with 100 ml of ZnCl2 density 1.5 g / cm-3 then filtered using Whatman No. kerta 40. Microplastic observed shapes, colors, and quantities using a light microscope with a magnification of 100x and identified visually. Microplastic type was determined by FT-IR Test. The results showed the highest microplastic abundance was found at the Legon Lele location with an abundance of 340 particles / kg, at the Port of Pioneer as much as 245 particles / kg, and at Cemara Kecil as much as 245 particles / kg. Microplastic forms found are fragments, films, and fibers. Microplastic types are suspected namely HDPE, PVC, Polypropylene (PP), Polystrene (PS), ABS, Latex, LDPE, Nitrile, and Nylon.


2020 ◽  
pp. 2610-2618
Author(s):  
Saif Al-Ddin A. AL-Rawi ◽  
Suhad Khalaf A. Razzak

Ten samples were collected from Injana and Mukdadiya Formations, representing 5 samples of fine grain sandstone (F) and 5 samples of very fine grain sandstone (VF). The heavy metals study showed that the opaque mineral recorded the highest percentage in comparison with other heavy metals. While, transparent minerals, including unstable minerals (Amphibole including Hornblend and Glaucophane) and (pyroxene including Orthopyroxene and Clinopyroxene), Metastable minerals including (Epidote, staurolite, Garnet, Kyanite) indicated metamorphic source, Ultrastable minerals (Zircon, Rutile, Tourmaline), Mica group (chlorite, biotite and muscovite). These accumulations indicate that the heavy minerals are derived from mafic igneous and metamorphic rocks mostly, as well as acidic igneous and reworked sediments. Ternary diagram of heavy metals stability showed that they are moderately stable due to the effect of the opaque mineral that have highest attention. Both sandstones for the Injana and Mukdadiya formations are derived from active continental margins. This source rocks may be represented by Taurus and Zagros Mountains.


Alotrop ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaini Junaini ◽  
Elvinawati Elvinawati ◽  
Sumpono Sumpono

This study aims to determine the effect of Aspergillus niger levels on bioethanol production in banana cobs using Saccharfication Simultation Fermentation (SSF) method. This research uses banana kepok (Musa paradisiaca L.) obtained from Enggano Island of Bengkulu Province. Enggano Island is one of the outermost islands of Bengkulu Province which has a coordinate point of 5023'25,000 '' LS - 102014'16,000 '' BT. Samples of banana done preparation before the hydrolysis and fermentation process by smoothing the banana cobs using a blender until it becomes mush. Samples in the form of slurry were then added by Aspergillus niger and Sccharomyces cerevisiae. Hydrolysis performed for 72 hours which then continued with the fermentation process for 5 days. In the study there were 5 treatments: addition of Aspergillus niger 107 CFU/mL, addition of 10 mL Saccharomyces cerevisiae, addition of 10 mL Saccharomyces cerevisiae + Aspergillus niger 106 CFU/mL, 10 mL Saccharomyces cerevisiae + Aspergillus niger 107CFU/mL and 10 mL Saccharomyces cerevisiae + Aspergillus niger 108CFU/mL. The fermentation results were distilled and then measured the ethanol content by the specific gravity method. Ethanol content obtained from each treatment were 3.995%, 6.218%, 6.825%, 9.065%, and 12.348%, respectively. From one-way analysis test can be obtained the value of Fcount and Ftabel respectively are 25.73 and 5.19, so the value of Ftable< Fcount which means each treatment has a different result significantly.


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