FTIR and NMR Studies on Crosslinking Reaction between Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene and Epoxidized Natural Rubber

1993 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Roychoudhury ◽  
P. P. De ◽  
N. K. Dutta ◽  
N. Roychoudhury ◽  
B. Haidar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Sulfonyl Chloride ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene ◽  
Epoxy Groups

Abstract A blend of chlorosulfonated polyethylene and epoxidized natural rubber undergoes a self-crosslinking reaction at elevated temperatures. Sulfonyl chloride groups of chlorosulfonated polyethylene react with epoxy groups of epoxidized natural rubber to give ether crosslinks between the two polymers. In addition to the self-crosslinking reaction, these two polymers undergo a number of side reactions as evidenced by spectroscopic studies.

Toughness Enhancement of Polylactic Acid by Employing Glycolyzed Polylactic Acid-Cured Epoxidized Natural Rubber

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 580-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phrutsadee Sukpuang ◽  
Mantana Opaprakasit ◽  
Atitsa Petchsuk ◽  
Pakorn Opaprakasit
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
Solvent Fractionation ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Toughness Enhancement

Glycolyzed polylactic acid (GPLA)-cured epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) is developed for use as a toughening agent for PLA resin. GPLA is obtained from chemical recycling of PLA resin by a glycolysis reaction. GPLA-cured ENR is then prepared by the crosslinking reaction of ENR with GPLA in an internal mixer. Chemical structures of the cured products are characterized by solvent fractionation and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The cured ENR products are blended with PLA resin, by varying the cured ENR contents from 5 to 15% wt. Mechanical properties of the blends, and their toughening mechanisms are examined. The cured ENR materials has higher efficiency in improving toughness of PLA resin, compared to uncured ENR, likely due to their rubbery network nature and higher compatibility with the PLA matrix. The incorporation of 5% wt. GPLA-cured ENR also improves elongation at break with no adverse effect on tensile strength and modulus of PLA.

Effect of Surface Oxidation of Carbon Black on Its Bonding with Epoxidized Natural Rubber in the Presence of Silane Coupling Agent

1999 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Manna ◽  
P. P. De ◽  
D. K. Tripathy ◽  
S. K. De ◽  
M. K. Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Silyl Ether ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Swelling Studies

Abstract Results of bound rubber determination, Monsanto rheometry, solvent swelling studies and measurement of physical properties reveal that high temperature molding of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) filled with intermediate super abrasion furnace (ISAF) carbon black and surface oxidized ISAF carbon black, in the presence of silane coupling agent, namely, N-(4-vinylbenzyl)-N′-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethane-1,2-diamine monoHCl salt, results in crosslinking of the rubber phase, even in the absence of the vulcanizing agents. Infrared spectroscopic studies show formation of silyl ether, in the case of ISAF carbon black, whereas the oxidized grade forms both silyl ether as well as silyl ester and amide linkage. Oxidation of ISAF carbon black causes an increase in the extent of coupling bond formation.

scholarly journals Influence of Filler from a Renewable Resource and Silane Coupling Agent on the Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiphawadee Pongdong ◽  
Charoen Nakason ◽  
Claudia Kummerlöwe ◽  
Norbert Vennemann
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Temperature Scanning

Rice husk ash (RHA) was used as a reinforcing filler in epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with various loading levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 phr), and silica filled ENR was also studied for comparison. The effects of RHA content on cure characteristics, mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and thermoelastic behavior of the filled ENR composites were investigated. It was found that the incorporation of RHA significantly affected the cure characteristics and mechanical properties. That is, the incorporation of RHA caused faster curing reactions and increased Young’s modulus and tensile strength relative to the unfilled compound. This might be attributed to the metal oxide impurities in RHA that enhance the crosslinking reactions, thus increasing the crosslink density. Further improvements in the curing behavior and the mechanical properties of the filled composites were achieved byin situsilanization with bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (Si69). It was found that the rubber-filler interactions reinforced the composites. This was indicated by the decreased damping characteristic(tan ⁡δ)and the other changes in the mechanical properties. Furthermore, the ENR composites with Si69 had improved filler dispersion. Temperature scanning stress relaxation (TSSR) results suggest that the metal oxide impurities in RHA promote degradation of the polymer network at elevated temperatures.

scholarly journals Internal Polymerization of Epoxy Group of Epoxidized Natural Rubber by Ferric Chloride and Formation of Strong Network Structure

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4145
Author(s):  
Kriengsak Damampai ◽  
Skulrat Pichaiyut ◽  
Subhradeep Mandal ◽  
Sven Wießner ◽  
Amit Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Epoxy Group ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
Ferric Ion ◽  
Efficient Manner

In this work, studies are carried out to understand the crosslinking reaction of epoxidized natural rubber (50 mol% epoxy, ENR-50) by metal ion namely ferric ion (Fe3+, FeCl3, ferric chloride). It is found that a small amount of FeCl3 can cure ENR to a considerable extent. A direct interaction of the ferric ion with the epoxy group as well as internal polymerization enable the ENR to be cured in an efficient manner. It was also found that with the increased concentration of FeCl3, the crosslinking density of the matrix increased and therefore, the ENR offers higher mechanical properties (i.e., modulus and tensile strength). In addition, the glass transition temperature (tg) of ENR vulcanizate is increased with increasing concentration of FeCl3. Moreover, the thermal degradation temperature (Td) of the ENR-FeCl3 compound was shifted toward higher temperature as increasing concentration FeCl3.

Influence of bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide amount on the properties of silica-filled epoxidized natural rubber-based composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-362
Author(s):  
Omar A. Al-Hartomy ◽  
Ahmed A. Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Said A. Farha Al Said ◽  
Nikolay Dishovsky ◽  
Mihail Mihaylov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Silane Coupling Agents ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Epoxy Groups

AbstractThe aim of the present article is to investigate the influence of the amount of bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide on the curing characteristics and mechanical and dynamic properties of rubber composites based on epoxidized natural rubber (Epoxyprene 50) filled with 70 phr silica. The obtained results showed that although the interaction between the epoxy groups of epoxidized natural rubber and the silanol groups of silica through hydrogen bonds improves the dispersion of filler in the rubber matrix, the presence of silane coupling agents is necessary to obtain rubber compounds and vulcanizates with good vulcanization characteristics and mechanical and dynamic properties.

Preparation coated of urea beads from banana peel bioplastic and epoxidized natural rubber 50

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Abdulkadir ◽  
S. A. Abdul Shukor ◽  
R. Hamzah ◽  
N. Z. Noriman ◽  
Omar S. Dahham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Banana Peel

scholarly journals Biocomposites of Epoxidized Natural Rubber/Poly(lactic acid) Modified with Natural Fillers (Part I)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3150
Author(s):  
Anna Masek ◽  
Stefan Cichosz ◽  
Małgorzata Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Uv Aging ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
Natural Fillers ◽  
Natural Additives

The study aimed to prepare sustainable and degradable elastic blends of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) that were reinforced with flax fiber (FF) and montmorillonite (MMT), simultaneously filling the gap in the literature regarding the PLA-containing polymer blends filled with natural additives. The performed study reveals that FF incorporation into ENR/PLA blend may cause a significant improvement in tensile strength from (10 ± 1) MPa for the reference material to (19 ± 2) MPa for the fibers-filled blend. Additionally, it was found that MMT employment in the role of the filler might contribute to ENR/PLA plasticization and considerably promote the blend elongation up to 600%. This proves the successful creation of the unique and eco-friendly PLA-containing polymer blend exhibiting high elasticity. Moreover, thanks to the performed accelerated thermo-oxidative and ultraviolet (UV) aging, it was established that MMT incorporation may delay the degradation of ENR/PLA blends under the abovementioned conditions. Additionally, mold tests revealed that plant-derived fiber addition might highly enhance the ENR/PLA blend’s biodeterioration potential enabling faster and more efficient growth of microorganisms. Therefore, materials presented in this research may become competitive and eco-friendly alternatives to commonly utilized petro-based polymeric products.

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